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Papers by Ioana Oltean

Rural Settlement: Relating buildings, landscape, and people in the European Iron Age, 2019, ISBN 978-90-8890-819-4, págs. 251-262, 2019

Bringing Down the Iron Curtain, 2020

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2017

By the end of the 1st c. A.D., Dacia had been an intermittent thorn in Rome's side for almost... more By the end of the 1st c. A.D., Dacia had been an intermittent thorn in Rome's side for almost two centuries. The ambitions of Burebista and the actions of his various successors continued to threaten Roman hegemony along the lower Danube, culminating in the rise of the powerful kingdom of Decebalus and a substantial Roman defeat in Moesia. Domitian sent troops against the Dacians to restore the dignity of Rome (85-86 and 88-88/89), but with mixed success, finally having to settle for buying peace at a substantial price in order to free himself to deal with threats to security in both Germany and Pannonia. No doubt both the costs involved and the perceived lack of success further contributed to the hostility of Roman authors towards Domitian and left unfinished business on the Danube frontier. It is no great surprise, therefore, that Dacia was the first area to which Trajan — to whom the attitude of contemporary sources (e.g., Pliny's Panegyricus) could not have been in great...

Archaeology from Historical Aerial and Satellite Archives, 2012

This chapter demonstrates the value of analysing a range of remotely sensed imagery in order to s... more This chapter demonstrates the value of analysing a range of remotely sensed imagery in order to study the development of the historic landscape in southern Dobrogea (Romania). The methodology involves integrating within a GIS environment low-altitude oblique aerial photographs, obtained through traditional observer-directed archaeological aerial reconnaissance; medium-altitude historical vertical photographs produced by German, British and American military reconnaissance during the Second World War; and high-altitude declassified US military satellite imagery (corona) from the 1960s. The value of this approach lies not just in that it enables extensive detailed mapping of large archaeological landscapes in Romania for the first time, but also that it allows the recording of previously unrecognised archaeological features now permanently destroyed by modern urban expansion or by industrial and infrastructural development. Various results are presented and illustrated, and some of the problems raised by each method of data acquisition are addressed.

Geosciences, 2020

Rural Settlement. Relating buildings, landscape, and people in the European Iron Age, 2019

The Human Past: World Prehistory and the development of human societies (fourth edition), edited ... more The Human Past: World Prehistory and the development of human societies (fourth edition), edited by Chris Scarre, London, Thames and Hudson, 2018, 768 pp., Illus. 746, £45.00 (Paperback), ISBN: 9780500294208. Palaeoart of the Ice Age, by Robert G. Bednarik, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017, vi and 248 pp., Illus. 76, £61.99 (Paperback), ISBN: 9781443895170. Moving on in Neolithic studies: understanding mobile lives, edited by Jim Leary and Thomas Kador, Oxford, Oxbow Books (Neolithic Studies Group Seminar Papers 14), 2016, xii and 186 pp., Illus. 27, £38.00 (Paperback), ISBN: 9781785701764. Neolithic Britain: the transformation of social worlds, by Keith Ray and Julian Thomas, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2018, xv and 384 pp., Illus. 95, £30.00 (Hardback), ISBN: 9780198823896. Axe-heads and identity: an investigation into the roles of imported axe-heads in identity formation in Neolithic Britain, by Katharine Walker, Oxford, Archaeopress Archaeology, 2018...

ABSTRACT No abstract available.

1. Introduction 2. The Dacian Heartland 3. The Historical Setting 4. Settlement and Society in th... more 1. Introduction 2. The Dacian Heartland 3. The Historical Setting 4. Settlement and Society in the Late pre-Roman Iron Age 5. The Roman Social Landscape 6. Romanisation and the Landscape

ABSTRACT No abstract available.

Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology VII, 2007

ABSTRACT The recent integrated aerial photographic assessment of Southern Dobrogea (Romania) is p... more ABSTRACT The recent integrated aerial photographic assessment of Southern Dobrogea (Romania) is part of the first author's British Academy funded research programme 'Contextualizing change on the Lower Danube: Roman impact on Daco-Getic landscapes'. This seeks to study the effect of the Roman conquest and occupation on the native Daco-Getic settlement pattern on the Lower Danube. The methodology involves integrating a range of remotely sensed imagery including: low altitude oblique aerial photographs, obtained through traditional aerial reconnaissance; medium altitude vertical photographs produced by German, British and American military reconnaissance during the Second World War, selected from The Aerial Reconnaissance Achive at Keele University; and high altitude de-classified military satellite imagery (Corona) from the 1960s, acquired from the USGS. The value of this approach lies not just in that it enables extensive detailed mapping of large archaeological landscapes in Romania for the first time, but also that it allows the recording of archaeological features permanently destroyed by more recent development across wide areas. This paper presents some results and addresses some of the problems raised by each method of data acquisition.© (2007) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Geosciences, 2021

Generally seen as natural peripheries, upland landscapes present particular challenges both in te... more Generally seen as natural peripheries, upland landscapes present particular challenges both in terms of living, and of recording past human activity within. LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology has now brought considerable improvement in our ability to record and map surviving archaeological features, but not necessarily increased our appreciation of local agency. Though the iconic landscape around the Iron Age Dacian capital of Sarmizegetusa Regia (Romania) and its Roman conquest have long caught the attention of specialists and the wider public, both previous research and more recent results from an airborne LiDAR survey leave considerable gaps in our understanding of networking potential across this challenging landscape. Based on LiDAR and satellite-generated high- and mid-resolution topographic data, our paper employs an innovative combination of GIS (geographic information system) spatial analysis tools to examine the spatial relationships between Roman military bases, Dacian targets, and the wider landscape as an integral part of a wider interdisciplinary archaeological research. This helped us formulate and test spatial and historical hypotheses, according to which all known and potential Roman military bases in the study area functioned as part of a system where each contributed individual advantages in securing their domination across the landscape. Our research highlighted the advantages and challenges for Comărnicelu as one of the key Roman logistical nodes, and for the attackers at Şesului and Muncelu working in tandem to besiege and subdue Sarmizegetusa Regia. Our study raises doubts with respect of the fall and destruction of the hillfort at Vârfu lui Hulpe as a result of a Roman siege, making space for alternative political narratives. Ultimately, our findings help build a better understanding of this iconic world heritage landscape and its Roman conquest.

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2012

Archaeology from Historical Aerial and Satellite Archives, 2012

Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing, 2011

Archaeological Prospection, 2003

... Correspondence to: WS Hanson, Department of Archae-ology, University of ... range of building... more ... Correspondence to: WS Hanson, Department of Archae-ology, University of ... range of buildings (Figure 2), including a baths com-plex (B) and small amphitheatre (A), some of which have been consolidated for display (eg Tudor, 1968, pp.120–129; Teposu Marinescu, 1985, pp ...

Archaeological Prospection, 2003

Rural Settlement: Relating buildings, landscape, and people in the European Iron Age, 2019, ISBN 978-90-8890-819-4, págs. 251-262, 2019

Bringing Down the Iron Curtain, 2020

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2017

Archaeology from Historical Aerial and Satellite Archives, 2012

Geosciences, 2020

Rural Settlement. Relating buildings, landscape, and people in the European Iron Age, 2019

ABSTRACT No abstract available.

Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology VII, 2007

Geosciences, 2021

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2012

Archaeology from Historical Aerial and Satellite Archives, 2012

Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing, 2011

Archaeological Prospection, 2003

his web site seeks to make the basic reconnaissance data from various aerial surveys available to... more his web site seeks to make the basic reconnaissance data from various aerial surveys available to a wider audience with potentially different research interests from those of the authors. Accordingly, it presents a selection of aerial photographs of archaeological sites, whether previously known or newly discovered, and of potential sites. In the first instance these derive from the multi-season programmes of survey in south Dobrogea, north Dobrogea and south-western Transylvania. In due course material from other survey programmes will be added.

The photographs presented here have not been digitally-enhanced. The images from Western Transylvania have been scanned from original slides. All the others were taken by digital cameras.

The photographic data may be searched by map location or by site name. In addition, by using the generic search function, it can be interrogated for more specific characteristics such as site type (e.g. fort, tumulus), attributed date (e.g. Iron age, Roman), the nature of the remains (e.g. extant, cropmark), or even a particular RAN number. For newly identified sites/potential sites the name is based on the nearest modern settlement, which is why in some cases there are multiple entries for the same place name differentiated by numbers (thus Venus 1, Venus 2). The character and location of each site is briefly described, with separate descriptions provided for each individual photograph and the date it was taken.

The original aerial photographs are held by Dr Ioana Oltean. Better resolution and/or unwatermarked photographs can be obtained by applying to her at the University of Exeter. Permission will not be denied to bona fide researchers, subject to appropriate acknowledgement of the source of the photograph in any resulting publication.

Education in Aerial Remote Sensing for Archaeology

As a response to the changing needs of society and as an anticipation for the carriers of tomorro... more As a response to the changing needs of society and as an anticipation for the carriers of tomorrow in archaeology, we involved the staff members beginning with the employers in archaeology and ending with the teachers involved in the higher education of the students, in order to create and develop a new curriculum that is more reliable with the needs of the labour market. This intellectual output represents a preamble of the Manual for the methods of teaching and learning on the archaeological sites. The curriculum has established the goals and the targets of the practice stages on the archaeological sites, the expected results, performance indicators, as well as the way in which the student's work will be evaluated. This curriculum aims to present in detail the knowledge and skills which a student can develop within a practice program in the archaeological field school.
This pedagogical materials entitled Curriculum – International education offer in Archaeological field-schools/ Curriculum – Ofertă educaţională internaţională în şantierele arheologice – şcoală, available in bilingual format, it was created in such a way to fit perfectly into the educational programs in each universities with archaeological profile from Europe.
It is consist in an introduction, were the programs was described, the general aims of this; the programme and module structure (12 modules: Non-invasive archaeology, Field-walking archaeology, Archaeological situations, Excavation Techniques, Recording the archaeological excavation, Collecting archaeological material, Primary conservation, Field drawing, Drawing archaeological finds Photography at archaeological excavation, Topographic survey and GIS, Epigraphic Databases); Programme Outcomes Linked to Teaching, Learning and the Assessment Methods; Programme Regulations; School Support for Students and Students’ Learning; Admission Criteria; Regulation of Assessment and Academic Standards and the Quality and Standards; and the module description.
To be easier to fallow and implement each module has been inserted following the same pattern: module title; module code; duration; short description; the most important aims of the modules; with a special emphasis on the intended learning outcomes, being evaluate the module module specific skills and knowledge, then the discipline specific skills and knowledge, and the personal and key transferable/ employment skills and knowledge; a summary and structure of the syllabus plan; learning activities and teaching method; formative assessment; and finally in was point out the indicative learning resources.
This curriculum developed after the two-year of international programme, by the professors and researchers of the five partner institutes, in such way to offer students a solid grounding in a range of fieldwork methods applied in Roman Archaeology and tested within the specific context of the site at Sarmizegetusa, Romania.

Mega Publishing House, 2017

This is not an ordinary MANUAL, in the sense most textbooks are. We do not have the vanity to pro... more This is not an ordinary MANUAL, in the sense most textbooks are. We do not have the vanity to produce general rules, to edit standards and procedures concerning an archaeological investigation. Starting with the middle of the 20th century many high quality books were written on this subject.
This handbook reflects our experience within the ERASMUS + project: “From Theory to Practice - International Teaching in Field Archaeology in Roman Sarmizegetusa” - FIT in Archaeology (contract 2015-R001-KA203-015185), financed by European Union under the Erasmus+ Programme coordinated in Romania by National Agency for Community Programmes in the Field of Education and Vocational Training (ANPCDEFP). The project was coordinated by The National Museum of History of Transylvania from Cluj-Napoca, with four European universities as partners in this enterprise: Babeş-Bolyai University at Cluj-Napoca, University of Exeter, University of Viena and Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg. We would like to share our experience with whoever would be interested.

Dacia: landscape, colonization and romanization (coll routledge monographs in classical studies) ... more Dacia: landscape, colonization and romanization (coll routledge monographs in classical studies) OLTEAN Ioana.

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2012

Being Roman, locally (review to: Louise Revell, Roman imperialism and local identities Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, 2009)

Journal of Roman Archaeology

C. Ciongradi, A. Diaconescu, R. Petrovszky, E. Bota, C. Dima, A. Antal, Sarmizegetusa. Colonia Dacica Sarmizegetusa (Ulpia Traiana), în Cronica Cercetărilor Arheologice din România, campania 2016, Bucureşti 2017, p. 120-124.

Abstract In the 2016 were continued the investigation started in 2015 at Praetorium Procuratoris,... more Abstract
In the 2016 were continued the investigation started in 2015 at Praetorium Procuratoris, with the main objective of unveiling entirely the big room with hypocaustum heating system, the investigation of earlier phase from this room, the connections with the buildings researched in `80, but also the investigation of the new building complex identified to the west of the above mentioned room. As well, there were executed some archaeological survey with the purpose to identify
earlier wooden phases.
Praetorium procuratoris. The headquarter of the financial governor of Dacia Apulensis is located inside the Roman enclosure, intra muros, in the so-called ”Grohotea Tornească” point, i.e. in the first insula east of cardo maximus and immediately south of the northern precinct wall.
The main result of this campaign is the investigation entirely the hypocaust room from the II Building Complex and the research of the construction phases from this area. The room has 11.25 x 8.20 m, with an area of 92 sqm. The hypocaust installation was entirely rebuilded, at a certain moment, the proof of this being the two levels of floor identified, but also the existence of two layers of plaster applied on the walls. The installation was settled on the entirely surface of the room, with three passages, two of them being most likely the praefurnium.
There are placed facing each other, with access from the corridors that are surrounding the room to the east and to the west. One of the passages was closed in a certain moment, probably when was build an annex room in the south-west corner of the main building. It has been noticed that the upper floor of the hypocaust installation had also two construction phases. In the debris of the building were also
found marble plaques, painted plaster used for the walls decoration.
The entrance in this room was destroyed by a modern hole and was placed in the west side of the north wall (Z5), judging by the two limestone blocks, and one from the threshold and one from the door frame.
Related with the rooms situated in the west side of this building complex that are still in research progress, some references regarding the construction phases could be made. The particular building complex named Corp III, was builded in the first stone phase, and it was separated by the Corp II, by an interstitium, passages. The perimeter walls of this new complex, identified in this moment, are the Z6 wall,
parallel with the Z2, and Z17 wall, placed at south, beyond the wall alignment of Z13. Those walls had two layers of plaster, identified with phases of construction Ia and Ib. In the Ib phase are build several walls, added to the perimeter walls, new rooms being constructed.