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Papers by Daniel Packer

Research paper thumbnail of An Analysis of the Vitality of the Welsh Language

Undergraduate Research Journal, Apr 13, 2020

This paper discusses the vitality of the Welsh language. English is one major causation for the r... more This paper discusses the vitality of the Welsh language. English is one major causation for the reduction of Welsh speakers in Wales over the past two centuries. Welsh phonetic mutation, which is a cross-linguistic irregularity, has become undesirable, and is thus becoming a linguistic feature of the past. Metatypy between English and Welsh has begun to influence the morphosyntactic and phonemic features of Welsh. In an effort to revitalize Welsh, the Welsh government implemented a new language policy and plan (LPP) titled "Cymraeg 2050. " A proposed differential equation model could be used to forecast the success of Cymraeg 2050 by assuming different social-status values for English and Welsh. Finally, the nine factors developed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the four factors of the Language Endangerment Index (LEI) are calculated to determine that Welsh is classified somewhere between vulnerable and endangered.

Research paper thumbnail of Participant Bar Theory: A New Syntax Theory

Undergraduate Research Journal, 2020

I endeavor to introduce, justify, and ultimately persuade for acceptance of a new syntax theory t... more I endeavor to introduce, justify, and ultimately persuade for acceptance of a new syntax theory titled “Participant Bar Theory.” In order to understand the purpose of Participant Bar Theory, it is essential to have an understanding of the inherent issues of X-bar Theory. Also, an introductory-level understanding of the morphology and syntax of simple present tense and simple past tense of Welsh will serve the reader well, for Welsh will be the language with which I will defend Participant Bar Theory. This paper will also introduce a new term, which I have coined as “syntantics,” a blending of “syntax” and “semantics,” for the purpose of rationalizing Participant Bar Theory. This paper will show two syntantic trees (Figures 8 and 9) that illustrate the past tense. The tree for the present tense is currently being developed. This paper is merely a glimpse into the development of Participant Bar Theory as well as a catalyst for further investigation of this alternative syntactic theory.

Research paper thumbnail of An Analysis of the Vitality of the Welsh Language

Undergraduate Research Journal, Apr 13, 2020

This paper discusses the vitality of the Welsh language. English is one major causation for the r... more This paper discusses the vitality of the Welsh language. English is one major causation for the reduction of Welsh speakers in Wales over the past two centuries. Welsh phonetic mutation, which is a cross-linguistic irregularity, has become undesirable, and is thus becoming a linguistic feature of the past. Metatypy between English and Welsh has begun to influence the morphosyntactic and phonemic features of Welsh. In an effort to revitalize Welsh, the Welsh government implemented a new language policy and plan (LPP) titled "Cymraeg 2050. " A proposed differential equation model could be used to forecast the success of Cymraeg 2050 by assuming different social-status values for English and Welsh. Finally, the nine factors developed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the four factors of the Language Endangerment Index (LEI) are calculated to determine that Welsh is classified somewhere between vulnerable and endangered.

Research paper thumbnail of Participant Bar Theory: A New Syntax Theory

Undergraduate Research Journal, 2020

I endeavor to introduce, justify, and ultimately persuade for acceptance of a new syntax theory t... more I endeavor to introduce, justify, and ultimately persuade for acceptance of a new syntax theory titled “Participant Bar Theory.” In order to understand the purpose of Participant Bar Theory, it is essential to have an understanding of the inherent issues of X-bar Theory. Also, an introductory-level understanding of the morphology and syntax of simple present tense and simple past tense of Welsh will serve the reader well, for Welsh will be the language with which I will defend Participant Bar Theory. This paper will also introduce a new term, which I have coined as “syntantics,” a blending of “syntax” and “semantics,” for the purpose of rationalizing Participant Bar Theory. This paper will show two syntantic trees (Figures 8 and 9) that illustrate the past tense. The tree for the present tense is currently being developed. This paper is merely a glimpse into the development of Participant Bar Theory as well as a catalyst for further investigation of this alternative syntactic theory.

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