Saheed O L A W A L E Olayiwola | Federal University Of Technology Akure,Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Papers by Saheed O L A W A L E Olayiwola
Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018
This study examines the impact of public health expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria from 19... more This study examines the impact of public health expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria from 1995-2016. Time series data and econometrics tools were used to test for the stationarity, causality and co-integration while Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Error Correction Model (ECM) were adopted to estimate the long-run and short run impact of public health expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria The OLS regression result shows that there is a positive relationship between public health expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria at the long run. Similarly, the Error Correction Model (ECM) result shows that public health expenditure has short run impact on economic growth in Nigeria. This implies that public health expenditure has that potency to faster economic growth in Nigeria but government health expenditure and Corruption Perception Index have little or no significant impact of economic growth in Nigeria this may be due to inequitable availability of health care services, poor public and private partnership, poor physical infrastructure and equipment; poor human resources availability and management, inadequate drug supplies, high
THE NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STUDIES, 2019
The lower cost of health care services made possible by health insurance may lead to moral hazard... more The lower cost of health care services made possible by health insurance may lead to moral hazard. Moral hazard creates inefficiency in the health insurance market and loss in welfare. This paper investigates moral hazard and welfare effects of health insurance in Nigeria. A health care utilization model was estimated for moral hazard in the demand for health care using a generalized method of moments. Marshallian, Hicksian and Nyman's estimates were used to determine the welfare effects of health insurance. Moral hazard in health insurance was evident in the value of price elasticity of demand for medical care consumption in health insurance, social and private health insurance with coefficients of 0.16, 0.14 and 0.0001 respectively. There were welfare gains (efficient moral hazard) from the Marshallian (85.8%), Hicksian (87.5%) and Nyman's (87.3%) estimates against welfare loss (inefficient moral hazard) of-14.2%,-12.5% and-12.7%. Health insurance increased overall welfare in spite of the moral hazard. Therefore, the government should, through appropriate policies, encourage the expansion of health insurance in Nigeria.
European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Contraceptive use is considered important for protecting women’s health and rights, influencing f... more Contraceptive use is considered important for protecting women’s health and rights, influencing fertility and population growth. This study examined the impact of female education on the use of contraceptives and fertility rate in Nigeria using 2013 and 2018 cohorts of Demography and Health Survey Data. The survey covers women ages 15 to 49 years. The study shows that women’s education, income level, and cultural value are important in explaining women’s reproductive behaviour. The results reveal that female education has a positive significant effect on contraceptives use and a significant negative effect on fertility rate. The contraceptives use and fertility models show that the effects become stronger with an increase in the level of education. Notably, the study shows no significant difference in the behavioural pattern of the factors that influenced contraceptive use and fertility rate in the 2013 and 2018 cohorts of demography and health survey data. The study concludes that ...
International Journal of Mental Health Systems
Background and aims: Current coverage of mental health care in low-and middle-income countries is... more Background and aims: Current coverage of mental health care in low-and middle-income countries is limited, not only in terms of access to services but also in terms of financial protection of persons in need of care and treatment. This is especially pertinent considering the established relationship between mental illness and poverty and the need to ensure the financial risk protection of persons with mental disorders and their families as part of country's efforts to attain universal health coverage. This study set out to review the health and socioeconomic contexts of Nigeria as well as to generate strategies for sustainable mental health financing that will be feasible, within the specific context of the country. Methods: A multi-methods approach was developed and applied, consisting of three steps: a situational analysis of Nigeria's health system, macro-fiscal economic profile, and socio-political status, including a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of the Nigerian socioeconomic , general and mental health context; key informant interviews with 12 expert stakeholders drawn from state and non-state actors in the health and financial sectors; and a policy analysis of sustainable financing options. Results: Key challenges identified were: poor funding; reduced access to care, resulting in a huge treatment gap; and out of pocket payment for services-leading to impoverishment. Comprehensive coverage of mental health conditions within the ongoing health insurance reforms was identified as a key strategy for moving towards sustainable mental health financing in Nigeria. Other identified strategies include enhanced integration of mental health into primary care; incorporation of mental health into other strategic and currently funded programmes; adoption of performance-based financing measures; and renewed engagement with stakeholders, including external donor institutions. Conclusions: A suite of feasible and actionable measures can be implemented to increase mental health service financing, reduce health-related financial burden on households, increase help-seeking and access to quality mental health care and, ultimately, reduce the large treatment and financing gap for mental disorders in Nigeria.
BJPsych Open
Background Current coverage of mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries is very limi... more Background Current coverage of mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries is very limited, not only in terms of access to services but also in terms of financial protection of individuals in need of care and treatment. Aims To identify the challenges, opportunities and strategies for more equitable and sustainable mental health financing in six sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries, namely Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda. Method In the context of a mental health systems research project (Emerald), a multi-methods approach was implemented consisting of three steps: a quantitative and narrative assessment of each country's disease burden profile, health system and macro-fiscal situation; in-depth interviews with expert stakeholders; and a policy analysis of sustainable financing options. Results Key challenges identified for sustainable mental health financing include the low level of funding accorded to mental health services, widesprea...
African Journal of Health Economics
Theoretical literature predicts that asymmetric information in insurance markets generate ineffic... more Theoretical literature predicts that asymmetric information in insurance markets generate inefficient outcomes and literature have mostly focus on adverse selection and moral hazard caused by information advantage in insurance market. Adverse selection is the likelihood of those who anticipate more need of health care due to enhanced health risk to purchase health insurance. Therefore, this study investigates adverse selection in health insurance in Nigeria. Contract theory provided the framework for the study. The insurance-demand equation was derived from the solution to the optimality condition of insurance decision equation which gives the Marshallian insurance-demand equation. The model to measure the determinants of the demand for health insurance was a linear probability demand model. Health insurance model captured adverse selection and was estimated with probit and instrumental variable probit regressions. A positive coefficient for health status and health insurance status indicate the presence of adverse selection. Adverse selection was evident in health insurance, social and private health insurance with coefficients of 0.44, 0.25 and 0.24 respectively. Insurance income elasticity was also positive in health insurance, social health insurance and private health insurance with coefficients of 0.15, 0.23 and 0.05. There is a need for mechanisms of optimal mix of people with poor and good health status that may require working out different premium for different set of people based on the type and nature of their work and regulating the behaviour of the insured, HMO's and health provider as health insurance market grows in Nigeria.
Journal of Economics and Management
Journal of Economics and Management
BJPsych Open
Background Little is known about the household economic costs associated with mental, neurologica... more Background Little is known about the household economic costs associated with mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders in low- and middle-income countries. Aims To assess the association between MNS disorders and household education, consumption, production, assets and financial coping strategies in Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda. Method We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional household survey in one district in each country, comparing the economic circumstances of households with an MNS disorder (alcohol-use disorder, depression, epilepsy or psychosis) (n = 2339) and control households (n = 1982). Results Despite some heterogeneity between MNS disorder groups and countries, households with a member with an MNS disorder had generally lower levels of adult education; lower housing standards, total household income, effective income and non-health consumption; less asset-based wealth; higher healthcare expenditure; and greater use of deleter...
Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018
This study examines the impact of public health expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria from 19... more This study examines the impact of public health expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria from 1995-2016. Time series data and econometrics tools were used to test for the stationarity, causality and co-integration while Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Error Correction Model (ECM) were adopted to estimate the long-run and short run impact of public health expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria The OLS regression result shows that there is a positive relationship between public health expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria at the long run. Similarly, the Error Correction Model (ECM) result shows that public health expenditure has short run impact on economic growth in Nigeria. This implies that public health expenditure has that potency to faster economic growth in Nigeria but government health expenditure and Corruption Perception Index have little or no significant impact of economic growth in Nigeria this may be due to inequitable availability of health care services, poor public and private partnership, poor physical infrastructure and equipment; poor human resources availability and management, inadequate drug supplies, high
THE NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STUDIES, 2019
The lower cost of health care services made possible by health insurance may lead to moral hazard... more The lower cost of health care services made possible by health insurance may lead to moral hazard. Moral hazard creates inefficiency in the health insurance market and loss in welfare. This paper investigates moral hazard and welfare effects of health insurance in Nigeria. A health care utilization model was estimated for moral hazard in the demand for health care using a generalized method of moments. Marshallian, Hicksian and Nyman's estimates were used to determine the welfare effects of health insurance. Moral hazard in health insurance was evident in the value of price elasticity of demand for medical care consumption in health insurance, social and private health insurance with coefficients of 0.16, 0.14 and 0.0001 respectively. There were welfare gains (efficient moral hazard) from the Marshallian (85.8%), Hicksian (87.5%) and Nyman's (87.3%) estimates against welfare loss (inefficient moral hazard) of-14.2%,-12.5% and-12.7%. Health insurance increased overall welfare in spite of the moral hazard. Therefore, the government should, through appropriate policies, encourage the expansion of health insurance in Nigeria.
European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Contraceptive use is considered important for protecting women’s health and rights, influencing f... more Contraceptive use is considered important for protecting women’s health and rights, influencing fertility and population growth. This study examined the impact of female education on the use of contraceptives and fertility rate in Nigeria using 2013 and 2018 cohorts of Demography and Health Survey Data. The survey covers women ages 15 to 49 years. The study shows that women’s education, income level, and cultural value are important in explaining women’s reproductive behaviour. The results reveal that female education has a positive significant effect on contraceptives use and a significant negative effect on fertility rate. The contraceptives use and fertility models show that the effects become stronger with an increase in the level of education. Notably, the study shows no significant difference in the behavioural pattern of the factors that influenced contraceptive use and fertility rate in the 2013 and 2018 cohorts of demography and health survey data. The study concludes that ...
International Journal of Mental Health Systems
Background and aims: Current coverage of mental health care in low-and middle-income countries is... more Background and aims: Current coverage of mental health care in low-and middle-income countries is limited, not only in terms of access to services but also in terms of financial protection of persons in need of care and treatment. This is especially pertinent considering the established relationship between mental illness and poverty and the need to ensure the financial risk protection of persons with mental disorders and their families as part of country's efforts to attain universal health coverage. This study set out to review the health and socioeconomic contexts of Nigeria as well as to generate strategies for sustainable mental health financing that will be feasible, within the specific context of the country. Methods: A multi-methods approach was developed and applied, consisting of three steps: a situational analysis of Nigeria's health system, macro-fiscal economic profile, and socio-political status, including a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of the Nigerian socioeconomic , general and mental health context; key informant interviews with 12 expert stakeholders drawn from state and non-state actors in the health and financial sectors; and a policy analysis of sustainable financing options. Results: Key challenges identified were: poor funding; reduced access to care, resulting in a huge treatment gap; and out of pocket payment for services-leading to impoverishment. Comprehensive coverage of mental health conditions within the ongoing health insurance reforms was identified as a key strategy for moving towards sustainable mental health financing in Nigeria. Other identified strategies include enhanced integration of mental health into primary care; incorporation of mental health into other strategic and currently funded programmes; adoption of performance-based financing measures; and renewed engagement with stakeholders, including external donor institutions. Conclusions: A suite of feasible and actionable measures can be implemented to increase mental health service financing, reduce health-related financial burden on households, increase help-seeking and access to quality mental health care and, ultimately, reduce the large treatment and financing gap for mental disorders in Nigeria.
BJPsych Open
Background Current coverage of mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries is very limi... more Background Current coverage of mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries is very limited, not only in terms of access to services but also in terms of financial protection of individuals in need of care and treatment. Aims To identify the challenges, opportunities and strategies for more equitable and sustainable mental health financing in six sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries, namely Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda. Method In the context of a mental health systems research project (Emerald), a multi-methods approach was implemented consisting of three steps: a quantitative and narrative assessment of each country's disease burden profile, health system and macro-fiscal situation; in-depth interviews with expert stakeholders; and a policy analysis of sustainable financing options. Results Key challenges identified for sustainable mental health financing include the low level of funding accorded to mental health services, widesprea...
African Journal of Health Economics
Theoretical literature predicts that asymmetric information in insurance markets generate ineffic... more Theoretical literature predicts that asymmetric information in insurance markets generate inefficient outcomes and literature have mostly focus on adverse selection and moral hazard caused by information advantage in insurance market. Adverse selection is the likelihood of those who anticipate more need of health care due to enhanced health risk to purchase health insurance. Therefore, this study investigates adverse selection in health insurance in Nigeria. Contract theory provided the framework for the study. The insurance-demand equation was derived from the solution to the optimality condition of insurance decision equation which gives the Marshallian insurance-demand equation. The model to measure the determinants of the demand for health insurance was a linear probability demand model. Health insurance model captured adverse selection and was estimated with probit and instrumental variable probit regressions. A positive coefficient for health status and health insurance status indicate the presence of adverse selection. Adverse selection was evident in health insurance, social and private health insurance with coefficients of 0.44, 0.25 and 0.24 respectively. Insurance income elasticity was also positive in health insurance, social health insurance and private health insurance with coefficients of 0.15, 0.23 and 0.05. There is a need for mechanisms of optimal mix of people with poor and good health status that may require working out different premium for different set of people based on the type and nature of their work and regulating the behaviour of the insured, HMO's and health provider as health insurance market grows in Nigeria.
Journal of Economics and Management
Journal of Economics and Management
BJPsych Open
Background Little is known about the household economic costs associated with mental, neurologica... more Background Little is known about the household economic costs associated with mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders in low- and middle-income countries. Aims To assess the association between MNS disorders and household education, consumption, production, assets and financial coping strategies in Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda. Method We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional household survey in one district in each country, comparing the economic circumstances of households with an MNS disorder (alcohol-use disorder, depression, epilepsy or psychosis) (n = 2339) and control households (n = 1982). Results Despite some heterogeneity between MNS disorder groups and countries, households with a member with an MNS disorder had generally lower levels of adult education; lower housing standards, total household income, effective income and non-health consumption; less asset-based wealth; higher healthcare expenditure; and greater use of deleter...