Engr. Makinde Kayode | Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State (original) (raw)
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Papers by Engr. Makinde Kayode
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2015
Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fau... more Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fault current level which can exceed the maximum designed short-circuit ratings of the switchgear. Many conventional protective devices like circuit breakers have been installed for protection of excessive fault current in electric power systems required to be tripped by over-current protection relay. In this paper, the simulation modelling and performance analysis of superconductor surge current protection is carried out. The modelling was carried out using Power System Analysis Toolbox while the simulation used matlab codes. The result showed that with the system faulted without the introduction of superconductor surge current protection the fault current was very high. The introduction of superconductor in the power system showed tremendous reduction in the fault current.
Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fau... more Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fault current level which can exceed the maximum designed short-circuit ratings of the switchgear. Many conventional protective devices installed for protection of excessive fault current in electric power systems, especially at the power stations are the circuit breakers, tripped by over-current protection relay. They have the response-time delay that allows initial of two or three fault current cycles to pass through before getting activated. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) is innovative electric equipment which has the capability to reduce fault current level within the first cycle of fault current. The application of the fault current limiter (FCL) would not only decrease the stress on network devices, but also can offer a connection to improve the reliability of the power system. There are various types of FCLs, which are made of different superconducting materials and hav...
European Scientific Journal, 2014
Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fau... more Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fault current level which can exceed the maximum designed short-circuit ratings of the switchgear. Many conventional protective devices installed for protection of excessive fault current in electric power systems, especially at the power stations are the circuit breakers, tripped by over-current protection relay. They have the responsetime delay that allows initial of two or three fault current cycles to pass through before getting activated. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) is innovative electric equipment which has the capability to reduce fault current level within the first cycle of fault current. The application of the fault current limiter (FCL) would not only decrease the stress on network devices, but also can offer a connection to improve the reliability of the power system. There are various types of FCLs, which are made of different superconducting materials and have different designs. They are categorized into three broad types: the resistive type, the inductive type and bridge type SFCL. We discussed the operating characteristics of SFCL introduced into a simplified power transmission model system. It was finally revealed that SFCL could satisfactorily bring about the functions of fault current suppression and power system stability improvement. In this report, results of investigations carried out to assess the effectiveness of the options available for fault level management as well as, where necessary, their impact on voltage profiles and system stability are presented and discussed.
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2015
Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fau... more Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fault current level which can exceed the maximum designed short-circuit ratings of the switchgear. Many conventional protective devices like circuit breakers have been installed for protection of excessive fault current in electric power systems required to be tripped by over-current protection relay. In this paper, the simulation modelling and performance analysis of superconductor surge current protection is carried out. The modelling was carried out using Power System Analysis Toolbox while the simulation used matlab codes. The result showed that with the system faulted without the introduction of superconductor surge current protection the fault current was very high. The introduction of superconductor in the power system showed tremendous reduction in the fault current.
Global Scientific Journals , 2019
Hybrid arc welding machine is designed to serve with an input current ranging from 40-50Amps from... more Hybrid arc welding machine is designed to serve with an input current ranging from 40-50Amps from AC power supply mains and 100AH 24VDC battery. The primary side through which voltage is supplied to the machine has 220 turns which is made of 2.38mm with equivalent standard wire gauge of 13 copper coils. The secondary side is connected to a rectifier with 24 turn made of 3.09mm with equivalent standard wire gauge of 8 copper coil. Both turns are wound on a limb of the laminated core. The voltage from primary turns flow to the secondary turns by induction. The welding current is adjusted when the variable resistor knob is rotated clockwise; the magnetic flux leakage and the inductive impedance are brought down causing the welding current to rise. Also at DC batteries power supply, an inverter circuit was designed. The inverter is connected with an oscillator to provide a frequency of 50Hz for the machine used in welding. The materials and equipments use include copper wire, bending machine, pliers, filling machine, screwdriver, soldering iron, lead sucker, tester and multi-meter. The locally constructed hybrid arc welding machine is capable of producing 20Amps arcing current during welding both on AC and DC source with 220V and 24VDC 200AH batteries respectively. At the end of this construction, there were no challenges observed in the power quality problems and the leakage of the welding transformer. This is because this paper focuses on the design and construction of a dual source arc welding machine putting into consideration quality laminating sheets as well as its thickness. This constant current supply desired to solve the power quality problems. At the end of this construction, it shows that the higher the turns, the more efficient the transformer and more the arcing produced. These attributes shows huge success.
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), 2019
In locations where electricity is unavailable, other means are necessary to pump water for consum... more In locations where electricity is unavailable, other means are necessary to pump water for consumption. Solar photovoltaic is strongly proven for cutting down greenhouse gases emissions, cost of fuel (diesel) and environmental pollution problems that the world is facing today due to the use of nonrenewable energy sources. Niger state considered in this study is also experiencing these challenges with imbalance and unreliable electrical power supply. The case chosen was Gubata village in Gbako local government, Niger State. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potentiality and cost effectiveness of using solar borehole system in Gubata Village in Gbako local government area in Niger State. The Analysis of the solar powered system was based on the estimated daily water supply rate of 40,000 litres. A cost-comparison analysis between the solar-powered system and generator powered system was done using Life-Cycle Costing Analysis. Results obtained from the study showed that a 1.4 kW solar powered unit can supply the desired water quantity. Comparing the power supply costs of both systems over a 5-year life cycle showed that the dieselgenerator powered system has a present value cost of about 230% higher than that of the solar powered unit. The outcome of this study showed that the PV pumping systems include low operating cost, unattended operation, low maintenance, easy installation, and long life.
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation
The design and fabrication of a digital solar-powered DC induction cooker come with numerous adva... more The design and fabrication of a digital solar-powered DC induction cooker come with numerous advantages, including high efficiency, almost two times the existing technologies. Its portable compared to the existing technology, its efficiency comes with low power consumption i.e. all power that is generated is transferred, at least 80 % of the power generated and above all it is aimed at designing a stand-alone DC induction cooker. It encompasses the use of a heating element powered by a DC source from energy trapped from the sun, with the aid of PV cells, battery, charge controller, and relays using AT MEGA 328P microcontroller for switching and control purposes. The design enables the selection of time for either warming or cooking. The heat for cooking and warming is produced by the Nichrome wire (element) according to the time set. The temperature at 100oc was obtained at 45 minutes. The system’s efficiency can be improved in the Nichrome wire (element) and a corresponding increas...
The design and construction of 3KVA variac ranging from 0 digital display was carried out due to ... more The design and construction of 3KVA variac ranging from 0 digital display was carried out due to the fact that every electrical, electronic and laboratory appliances/equipments are designed and manufactured to operate based on the expectation that the input voltage would be at certain value. In Nigeria, household electrical/electronic appliances and also laboratory equipments are most time under threat of low voltage supply. Since the electric power supply/ distribution companies are unable to provide the consistent and adequate demanded by these sensitive appliances. The design and construction of a 3000VA variac (variable transformer) with an input voltage of 230V to give an output of 0-500V is aimed at providing solutions to this driving issue of low voltage and also to update in the growing trend of digitalization using a digital display. The method applied to achieve this project include faraday's law of induction, ohms law, e.m.f equation of transformer and voltage transfo...
The Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Mobile Cold Room is a refrigeration system that uses ... more The Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Mobile Cold Room is a refrigeration system that uses solar energy. It was embarked upon as a result of the epileptic power supply to the rural areas in the country and the absence of a grid supply to some locations where needed. The mobile cold comprises of the following components, the D.C compressor Danfoss BD92K , charge controller 40A, 12V , solar battery 12V, 200AH , solar panel 12V, 600watt and a 500litres compartment. The power is not supplied either from the national grid nor the generator system, but from the solar panel. The solar mobile cold room comprises of the solar panel that collects the solar energy. The solar panels convert the solar energy into electrical energy and stored it in the battery. During the normal running of the cold room, the power is supplied directly by the solar panel, but when the output power of solar panels is less, the additional power is supplied by the battery. The battery is recharged when excess a...
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2019
The design and construction of 3KVA variac ranging from 0 digital display was carried out due to ... more The design and construction of 3KVA variac ranging from 0 digital display was carried out due to the fact that every electrical, electronic and laboratory appliances/equipments are designed and manufactured to operate based on the expectation that the input voltage would be at certain value. In Nigeria, household electrical/electronic appliances and also laboratory equipments are most time under threat of low voltage supply. Since the electric power supply/ distribution companies are unable to provide the consistent and adequate demanded by these sensitive appliances. The design and construction of a 3000VA variac (variable transformer) with an input voltage of 230V to give an output of 0-500V is aimed at providing solutions to this driving issue of low voltage and also to update in the growing trend of digitalization using a digital display. The method applied to achieve this project include faraday's law of induction, ohms law, e.m.f equation of transformer and voltage transformer ratio (k),where the number 136turns and the secondary is 297turns (approx.). The major components used to achieve this work are the copper wires and the laminated steels (core) also known as the toroidal core. The designed and constructed variac was tested with an input of 230V and the output result of 500Vmaximum was confirmed ok. If designed and properly constructed with standard electrical components and materials it could be used in sub up for distributions of electricity. It shoul coils, higher rated toroidal core and attached an indicator to indicate with beep sound when it is being overloaded above its capacity.
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2015
Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fau... more Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fault current level which can exceed the maximum designed short-circuit ratings of the switchgear. Many conventional protective devices like circuit breakers have been installed for protection of excessive fault current in electric power systems required to be tripped by over-current protection relay. In this paper, the simulation modelling and performance analysis of superconductor surge current protection is carried out. The modelling was carried out using Power System Analysis Toolbox while the simulation used matlab codes. The result showed that with the system faulted without the introduction of superconductor surge current protection the fault current was very high. The introduction of superconductor in the power system showed tremendous reduction in the fault current.
Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fau... more Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fault current level which can exceed the maximum designed short-circuit ratings of the switchgear. Many conventional protective devices installed for protection of excessive fault current in electric power systems, especially at the power stations are the circuit breakers, tripped by over-current protection relay. They have the response-time delay that allows initial of two or three fault current cycles to pass through before getting activated. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) is innovative electric equipment which has the capability to reduce fault current level within the first cycle of fault current. The application of the fault current limiter (FCL) would not only decrease the stress on network devices, but also can offer a connection to improve the reliability of the power system. There are various types of FCLs, which are made of different superconducting materials and hav...
European Scientific Journal, 2014
Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fau... more Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fault current level which can exceed the maximum designed short-circuit ratings of the switchgear. Many conventional protective devices installed for protection of excessive fault current in electric power systems, especially at the power stations are the circuit breakers, tripped by over-current protection relay. They have the responsetime delay that allows initial of two or three fault current cycles to pass through before getting activated. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) is innovative electric equipment which has the capability to reduce fault current level within the first cycle of fault current. The application of the fault current limiter (FCL) would not only decrease the stress on network devices, but also can offer a connection to improve the reliability of the power system. There are various types of FCLs, which are made of different superconducting materials and have different designs. They are categorized into three broad types: the resistive type, the inductive type and bridge type SFCL. We discussed the operating characteristics of SFCL introduced into a simplified power transmission model system. It was finally revealed that SFCL could satisfactorily bring about the functions of fault current suppression and power system stability improvement. In this report, results of investigations carried out to assess the effectiveness of the options available for fault level management as well as, where necessary, their impact on voltage profiles and system stability are presented and discussed.
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2015
Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fau... more Increase in power generation capacity of electrical power systems has lead to increase in the fault current level which can exceed the maximum designed short-circuit ratings of the switchgear. Many conventional protective devices like circuit breakers have been installed for protection of excessive fault current in electric power systems required to be tripped by over-current protection relay. In this paper, the simulation modelling and performance analysis of superconductor surge current protection is carried out. The modelling was carried out using Power System Analysis Toolbox while the simulation used matlab codes. The result showed that with the system faulted without the introduction of superconductor surge current protection the fault current was very high. The introduction of superconductor in the power system showed tremendous reduction in the fault current.
Global Scientific Journals , 2019
Hybrid arc welding machine is designed to serve with an input current ranging from 40-50Amps from... more Hybrid arc welding machine is designed to serve with an input current ranging from 40-50Amps from AC power supply mains and 100AH 24VDC battery. The primary side through which voltage is supplied to the machine has 220 turns which is made of 2.38mm with equivalent standard wire gauge of 13 copper coils. The secondary side is connected to a rectifier with 24 turn made of 3.09mm with equivalent standard wire gauge of 8 copper coil. Both turns are wound on a limb of the laminated core. The voltage from primary turns flow to the secondary turns by induction. The welding current is adjusted when the variable resistor knob is rotated clockwise; the magnetic flux leakage and the inductive impedance are brought down causing the welding current to rise. Also at DC batteries power supply, an inverter circuit was designed. The inverter is connected with an oscillator to provide a frequency of 50Hz for the machine used in welding. The materials and equipments use include copper wire, bending machine, pliers, filling machine, screwdriver, soldering iron, lead sucker, tester and multi-meter. The locally constructed hybrid arc welding machine is capable of producing 20Amps arcing current during welding both on AC and DC source with 220V and 24VDC 200AH batteries respectively. At the end of this construction, there were no challenges observed in the power quality problems and the leakage of the welding transformer. This is because this paper focuses on the design and construction of a dual source arc welding machine putting into consideration quality laminating sheets as well as its thickness. This constant current supply desired to solve the power quality problems. At the end of this construction, it shows that the higher the turns, the more efficient the transformer and more the arcing produced. These attributes shows huge success.
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), 2019
In locations where electricity is unavailable, other means are necessary to pump water for consum... more In locations where electricity is unavailable, other means are necessary to pump water for consumption. Solar photovoltaic is strongly proven for cutting down greenhouse gases emissions, cost of fuel (diesel) and environmental pollution problems that the world is facing today due to the use of nonrenewable energy sources. Niger state considered in this study is also experiencing these challenges with imbalance and unreliable electrical power supply. The case chosen was Gubata village in Gbako local government, Niger State. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potentiality and cost effectiveness of using solar borehole system in Gubata Village in Gbako local government area in Niger State. The Analysis of the solar powered system was based on the estimated daily water supply rate of 40,000 litres. A cost-comparison analysis between the solar-powered system and generator powered system was done using Life-Cycle Costing Analysis. Results obtained from the study showed that a 1.4 kW solar powered unit can supply the desired water quantity. Comparing the power supply costs of both systems over a 5-year life cycle showed that the dieselgenerator powered system has a present value cost of about 230% higher than that of the solar powered unit. The outcome of this study showed that the PV pumping systems include low operating cost, unattended operation, low maintenance, easy installation, and long life.
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation
The design and fabrication of a digital solar-powered DC induction cooker come with numerous adva... more The design and fabrication of a digital solar-powered DC induction cooker come with numerous advantages, including high efficiency, almost two times the existing technologies. Its portable compared to the existing technology, its efficiency comes with low power consumption i.e. all power that is generated is transferred, at least 80 % of the power generated and above all it is aimed at designing a stand-alone DC induction cooker. It encompasses the use of a heating element powered by a DC source from energy trapped from the sun, with the aid of PV cells, battery, charge controller, and relays using AT MEGA 328P microcontroller for switching and control purposes. The design enables the selection of time for either warming or cooking. The heat for cooking and warming is produced by the Nichrome wire (element) according to the time set. The temperature at 100oc was obtained at 45 minutes. The system’s efficiency can be improved in the Nichrome wire (element) and a corresponding increas...
The design and construction of 3KVA variac ranging from 0 digital display was carried out due to ... more The design and construction of 3KVA variac ranging from 0 digital display was carried out due to the fact that every electrical, electronic and laboratory appliances/equipments are designed and manufactured to operate based on the expectation that the input voltage would be at certain value. In Nigeria, household electrical/electronic appliances and also laboratory equipments are most time under threat of low voltage supply. Since the electric power supply/ distribution companies are unable to provide the consistent and adequate demanded by these sensitive appliances. The design and construction of a 3000VA variac (variable transformer) with an input voltage of 230V to give an output of 0-500V is aimed at providing solutions to this driving issue of low voltage and also to update in the growing trend of digitalization using a digital display. The method applied to achieve this project include faraday's law of induction, ohms law, e.m.f equation of transformer and voltage transfo...
The Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Mobile Cold Room is a refrigeration system that uses ... more The Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Mobile Cold Room is a refrigeration system that uses solar energy. It was embarked upon as a result of the epileptic power supply to the rural areas in the country and the absence of a grid supply to some locations where needed. The mobile cold comprises of the following components, the D.C compressor Danfoss BD92K , charge controller 40A, 12V , solar battery 12V, 200AH , solar panel 12V, 600watt and a 500litres compartment. The power is not supplied either from the national grid nor the generator system, but from the solar panel. The solar mobile cold room comprises of the solar panel that collects the solar energy. The solar panels convert the solar energy into electrical energy and stored it in the battery. During the normal running of the cold room, the power is supplied directly by the solar panel, but when the output power of solar panels is less, the additional power is supplied by the battery. The battery is recharged when excess a...
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2019
The design and construction of 3KVA variac ranging from 0 digital display was carried out due to ... more The design and construction of 3KVA variac ranging from 0 digital display was carried out due to the fact that every electrical, electronic and laboratory appliances/equipments are designed and manufactured to operate based on the expectation that the input voltage would be at certain value. In Nigeria, household electrical/electronic appliances and also laboratory equipments are most time under threat of low voltage supply. Since the electric power supply/ distribution companies are unable to provide the consistent and adequate demanded by these sensitive appliances. The design and construction of a 3000VA variac (variable transformer) with an input voltage of 230V to give an output of 0-500V is aimed at providing solutions to this driving issue of low voltage and also to update in the growing trend of digitalization using a digital display. The method applied to achieve this project include faraday's law of induction, ohms law, e.m.f equation of transformer and voltage transformer ratio (k),where the number 136turns and the secondary is 297turns (approx.). The major components used to achieve this work are the copper wires and the laminated steels (core) also known as the toroidal core. The designed and constructed variac was tested with an input of 230V and the output result of 500Vmaximum was confirmed ok. If designed and properly constructed with standard electrical components and materials it could be used in sub up for distributions of electricity. It shoul coils, higher rated toroidal core and attached an indicator to indicate with beep sound when it is being overloaded above its capacity.