Asmaa M Ezzat | Faculty of Economics and Political scs. (original) (raw)
Papers by Asmaa M Ezzat
Journal of Business and Economics, Nov 20, 2014
Topics in Middle Eastern andNorth African Economies, 2017
This paper presents empirical evidence on the different impacts of principal-agent relationships ... more This paper presents empirical evidence on the different impacts of principal-agent relationships on risk-taking behavior and performance of Islamic banks, compared to conventional ones, for a sample of 105 banks in 8 Arab countries during the period (2005 – 2009). It distinguishes between two aspects of shareholder structure; namely, ownership concentration and shareholders rights. Empirical evidence showed that principal-agent conflicts were proved prominent in Islamic, as well as conventional banks due to the inverse and statistically significant effect of shareholder rights on risk-taking behavior. Moreover, it was found that principal-agent conflicts are more inherent in conventional banks, with regard to their impact on performance. The results were robust to including different bank specific and country specific variables.
Health Policy and Technology, 2019
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Economics and International Finance (JEIF), Jun 30, 2016
This study aims to investigate the relationship between corruption and growth in the context of t... more This study aims to investigate the relationship between corruption and growth in the context of the Arab world. By controlling the different variables that affect growth, the study tries to focus on how corruption could have affected growth and in which way. The literature leans towards corruption having a negative impact on growth and development, however such view is not pervasive as there are some arguments emphasizing that there might be positive implications for corruption. Moreover, there are some other variables including type of political regime, degree of development, poverty levels, etc that shape the relationship between corruption and growth. The interaction between those variables and corruption produces different impacts on growth. Qualitative analysis shows that among Arab countries there is certainly a negative relationship between the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and high level of corruption. However, there is no exact relationship between the type of political regime and corruption. Additionally, the study estimated a panel data random effects model to evaluate the impact of corruption on economic growth in 15 Arab countries during the period (1998 to 2009). The study results support the negative direct impact of corruption on growth in this sample of Arab countries, which confirms "sanding the wheels" hypothesis, yet this impact highly depends on other variables, and namely the governance structure. A good governance structure shows that corruption has a determinal impact on growth. When the governance structure is very poor the impact of corruption on growth tends to be lower or most probably positive, that goes along with "greasing the wheels" hypothesis. Thus, it is necessary to improve the governance quality in Arab countries hand in hand with controlling corruption, in order to achieve better growth performance.
This paper presents empirical evidence on the different impacts of principal-agent relationships ... more This paper presents empirical evidence on the different impacts of principal-agent relationships on risk-taking behavior and performance of Islamic banks, compared to conventional ones, for a sample of 105 banks in 8 Arab countries during the period (2005 – 2009). It distinguishes between two aspects of shareholder structure; namely, ownership concentration and shareholders rights. Empirical evidence showed that principal-agent conflicts were proved prominent in Islamic, as well as conventional banks due to the inverse and statistically significant effect of shareholder rights on risk-taking behavior. Moreover, it was found that principal-agent conflicts are more inherent in conventional banks, with regard to their impact on performance. The results were robust to including different bank specific and country specific variables.
International Journal of Development Issues, 2019
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gender differences in time poverty in two... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gender differences in time poverty in two Middle East North African (MENA) countries, particularly Egypt and Tunisia, as well as examining its determinants across gender. Design/methodology/approach To this end, the authors make use of data provided by the Labor Market Panel Survey (LMPS) in Egypt (2012) and in Tunisia (2014) to estimate probit regressions to identify various determinants that explain time poverty. Findings The empirical findings show that the probability of time poverty, in both countries, is lower for women compared to men. In addition, the determinants of time poverty (individual, household and community variables) and their marginal effects differ across gender. Originality/value Research on the gender inequalities in time poverty and its determinants has been very limited. Additionally, the relationships between individuals’ time use and the conditions under which this might represent time poverty have not...
This paper aims at examining the gender differences in time allocation between market, house and ... more This paper aims at examining the gender differences in time allocation between market, house and care work in Egypt and Tunisia, as well as analyzing the determinants of time allocated to each type of work across gender. This is done through relying on the data provided by the LMPS done in Egypt (2012) and in Tunisia (2014). Then, three Tobit equations are estimated simultaneously, each equation is for one type of work, using maximum simulated likelihood (MSL). The main empirical result shows that ‘gender’ is the most important determinant of time allocation, and that females tend to spend less time on market work, while they spend more time on both house and care work, compared to males.
ERN: Central Banks - Policies (Topic), 2020
Securing central bank independence (CBI) is considered a vital and common practice in a large num... more Securing central bank independence (CBI) is considered a vital and common practice in a large number of countries, since this independence is often associated with favorable economic performance, and it isolates monetary policy from the distortions of political business cycles, associated with electoral business or partisan cycles. However, one criticism against CBI is the seemed contradiction between independence and democracy, known as the problem of accountability of the monetary authority. Thus, this study empirically examines the potential effects of central bank transparency and independence on democracy. This would, in turn, attribute to reconciling the presumed contradiction between CBI and democracy, besides disentangling the impact of independence and transparency on democracy. To this end, we regress democracy on both CBI and CB transparency, besides some control variables, for a sample of 100 central banks in year 2010. The preliminary results indicate that CBI is conduc...
Review of Economics and Political Science
Purpose This paper aims to analyze the determinants on job satisfaction in the Egyptian labor mar... more Purpose This paper aims to analyze the determinants on job satisfaction in the Egyptian labor market, using Egypt’s Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), the wave of 2012. Design/methodology/approach Several determinants are analyzed including the wage level, the paid and sick leaves, the medical and social insurance, job stability among other individual and job characteristics. To this end, an ordered logit model is estimated to assess the significance of these different variables as determinants for job satisfaction. Findings The empirical findings indicate that wages and stability are major determinants for job satisfaction for the sample of wage workers. However, the results change according to gender; the hourly wage level affects men’s level of job satisfaction, while it does not affect that of females. Furthermore, the job satisfaction of women is determined more by the job characteristics rather than the monetary compensation. Social implications The empirical findings shed lig...
Review of Economics and Political Science
Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the technical efficiency of the health-care systems in 21 sel... more Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the technical efficiency of the health-care systems in 21 selected middle-income countries during the period (2000–2017) and determine the source of inefficiency whether it is transient (short run) or persistent (long run). Design/methodology/approach The study uses the stochastic frontier analysis technique through employing the generalized true random effects model which overcomes the drawbacks of the previously introduced stochastic frontier models and allows for the separation between unobserved heterogeneity, persistent inefficiency and transient inefficiency. Findings Persistent efficiency is lower than the transient efficiency; hence, there are more efficiency gains that can be made by the selected countries by adopting long-term policies that aim at reforming the structure of the health-care system in the less efficient countries such as South Africa and Russia. The most efficient countries are Vietnam, Mexico and China which adopted a soc...
Handbook of Research on Comparative Economic Development Perspectives on Europe and the MENA Region, 2000
Journal of Business and Economics, Nov 20, 2014
Topics in Middle Eastern andNorth African Economies, 2017
This paper presents empirical evidence on the different impacts of principal-agent relationships ... more This paper presents empirical evidence on the different impacts of principal-agent relationships on risk-taking behavior and performance of Islamic banks, compared to conventional ones, for a sample of 105 banks in 8 Arab countries during the period (2005 – 2009). It distinguishes between two aspects of shareholder structure; namely, ownership concentration and shareholders rights. Empirical evidence showed that principal-agent conflicts were proved prominent in Islamic, as well as conventional banks due to the inverse and statistically significant effect of shareholder rights on risk-taking behavior. Moreover, it was found that principal-agent conflicts are more inherent in conventional banks, with regard to their impact on performance. The results were robust to including different bank specific and country specific variables.
Health Policy and Technology, 2019
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Economics and International Finance (JEIF), Jun 30, 2016
This study aims to investigate the relationship between corruption and growth in the context of t... more This study aims to investigate the relationship between corruption and growth in the context of the Arab world. By controlling the different variables that affect growth, the study tries to focus on how corruption could have affected growth and in which way. The literature leans towards corruption having a negative impact on growth and development, however such view is not pervasive as there are some arguments emphasizing that there might be positive implications for corruption. Moreover, there are some other variables including type of political regime, degree of development, poverty levels, etc that shape the relationship between corruption and growth. The interaction between those variables and corruption produces different impacts on growth. Qualitative analysis shows that among Arab countries there is certainly a negative relationship between the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and high level of corruption. However, there is no exact relationship between the type of political regime and corruption. Additionally, the study estimated a panel data random effects model to evaluate the impact of corruption on economic growth in 15 Arab countries during the period (1998 to 2009). The study results support the negative direct impact of corruption on growth in this sample of Arab countries, which confirms "sanding the wheels" hypothesis, yet this impact highly depends on other variables, and namely the governance structure. A good governance structure shows that corruption has a determinal impact on growth. When the governance structure is very poor the impact of corruption on growth tends to be lower or most probably positive, that goes along with "greasing the wheels" hypothesis. Thus, it is necessary to improve the governance quality in Arab countries hand in hand with controlling corruption, in order to achieve better growth performance.
This paper presents empirical evidence on the different impacts of principal-agent relationships ... more This paper presents empirical evidence on the different impacts of principal-agent relationships on risk-taking behavior and performance of Islamic banks, compared to conventional ones, for a sample of 105 banks in 8 Arab countries during the period (2005 – 2009). It distinguishes between two aspects of shareholder structure; namely, ownership concentration and shareholders rights. Empirical evidence showed that principal-agent conflicts were proved prominent in Islamic, as well as conventional banks due to the inverse and statistically significant effect of shareholder rights on risk-taking behavior. Moreover, it was found that principal-agent conflicts are more inherent in conventional banks, with regard to their impact on performance. The results were robust to including different bank specific and country specific variables.
International Journal of Development Issues, 2019
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gender differences in time poverty in two... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gender differences in time poverty in two Middle East North African (MENA) countries, particularly Egypt and Tunisia, as well as examining its determinants across gender. Design/methodology/approach To this end, the authors make use of data provided by the Labor Market Panel Survey (LMPS) in Egypt (2012) and in Tunisia (2014) to estimate probit regressions to identify various determinants that explain time poverty. Findings The empirical findings show that the probability of time poverty, in both countries, is lower for women compared to men. In addition, the determinants of time poverty (individual, household and community variables) and their marginal effects differ across gender. Originality/value Research on the gender inequalities in time poverty and its determinants has been very limited. Additionally, the relationships between individuals’ time use and the conditions under which this might represent time poverty have not...
This paper aims at examining the gender differences in time allocation between market, house and ... more This paper aims at examining the gender differences in time allocation between market, house and care work in Egypt and Tunisia, as well as analyzing the determinants of time allocated to each type of work across gender. This is done through relying on the data provided by the LMPS done in Egypt (2012) and in Tunisia (2014). Then, three Tobit equations are estimated simultaneously, each equation is for one type of work, using maximum simulated likelihood (MSL). The main empirical result shows that ‘gender’ is the most important determinant of time allocation, and that females tend to spend less time on market work, while they spend more time on both house and care work, compared to males.
ERN: Central Banks - Policies (Topic), 2020
Securing central bank independence (CBI) is considered a vital and common practice in a large num... more Securing central bank independence (CBI) is considered a vital and common practice in a large number of countries, since this independence is often associated with favorable economic performance, and it isolates monetary policy from the distortions of political business cycles, associated with electoral business or partisan cycles. However, one criticism against CBI is the seemed contradiction between independence and democracy, known as the problem of accountability of the monetary authority. Thus, this study empirically examines the potential effects of central bank transparency and independence on democracy. This would, in turn, attribute to reconciling the presumed contradiction between CBI and democracy, besides disentangling the impact of independence and transparency on democracy. To this end, we regress democracy on both CBI and CB transparency, besides some control variables, for a sample of 100 central banks in year 2010. The preliminary results indicate that CBI is conduc...
Review of Economics and Political Science
Purpose This paper aims to analyze the determinants on job satisfaction in the Egyptian labor mar... more Purpose This paper aims to analyze the determinants on job satisfaction in the Egyptian labor market, using Egypt’s Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), the wave of 2012. Design/methodology/approach Several determinants are analyzed including the wage level, the paid and sick leaves, the medical and social insurance, job stability among other individual and job characteristics. To this end, an ordered logit model is estimated to assess the significance of these different variables as determinants for job satisfaction. Findings The empirical findings indicate that wages and stability are major determinants for job satisfaction for the sample of wage workers. However, the results change according to gender; the hourly wage level affects men’s level of job satisfaction, while it does not affect that of females. Furthermore, the job satisfaction of women is determined more by the job characteristics rather than the monetary compensation. Social implications The empirical findings shed lig...
Review of Economics and Political Science
Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the technical efficiency of the health-care systems in 21 sel... more Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the technical efficiency of the health-care systems in 21 selected middle-income countries during the period (2000–2017) and determine the source of inefficiency whether it is transient (short run) or persistent (long run). Design/methodology/approach The study uses the stochastic frontier analysis technique through employing the generalized true random effects model which overcomes the drawbacks of the previously introduced stochastic frontier models and allows for the separation between unobserved heterogeneity, persistent inefficiency and transient inefficiency. Findings Persistent efficiency is lower than the transient efficiency; hence, there are more efficiency gains that can be made by the selected countries by adopting long-term policies that aim at reforming the structure of the health-care system in the less efficient countries such as South Africa and Russia. The most efficient countries are Vietnam, Mexico and China which adopted a soc...
Handbook of Research on Comparative Economic Development Perspectives on Europe and the MENA Region, 2000