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The parable (the mashal) of rabbinical literature is analyzed in this dissertation as a metaphori... more The parable (the mashal) of rabbinical literature is analyzed in this dissertation as a metaphoric narrative. First, we point out the main elements of Paul Ricoeur's theory on metaphor and its parallels in Jonah Fraenkel's conception of the rabbinical mashal. We then present, constantly considering both theoretical approaches and on the basis of five meshalim, the methodological steps developed by Fraenkel: determination of the basic model, analysis of the plot within the narrative considered as a complete unit, setting of correspondences betwenn mashal and nimshal. We then insist on the importance of the extravagance in the parable which requires to go beyond the basic model. The mashal becomes thus for the Sages of rabbinical literature a means to uncovering new meanings of the Torah. It is pointed out finally that the mashal is in full harmony with the world of Talmud-Torah, being primarily an activity and a questioning, and belonging to the realm of Oral Torah. Consequently, he can and should question the Written Torah. The harmony of form and content, and the various themes worked out in the mashal also explain why it was highly appreciated by the Sages in their teachings. Therefore, we call a 'Talmud-Torah in miniature' the rabbinical mashal considered as a metaphorical narrative.
* Qual é o maior? O estudo da Torá ou a ação? Rabi Tarfón disse: a ação é maior. Rabi Aqiva disse... more * Qual é o maior? O estudo da Torá ou a ação? Rabi Tarfón disse: a ação é maior. Rabi Aqiva disse: o estudo da Torá é maior. Todos disseram: o estudo da Torá é maior, porque ele leva à ação. Talmud da Babilònia, Qidushin 40b ** Os filhos e as filhas de Dessalines costumam dizer: Fique firme, não desista nunca! (Fala de imigrantes haitianos no Brasil-2018). Pitit Desalin yo konn di: Kenbe djanm, pa janm lage ! ** Palavras-chave: parábola, mashal, evangelho, literatura rabínica.
The parable (the mashal) of rabbinical literature is analyzed in this dissertation as a metaphori... more The parable (the mashal) of rabbinical literature is analyzed in this dissertation as a metaphoric narrative. First, we point out the main elements of Paul Ricoeur's theory on metaphor and its parallels in Jonah Fraenkel's conception of the rabbinical mashal. We then present, constantly considering both theoretical approaches and on the basis of five meshalim, the methodological steps developed by Fraenkel: determination of the basic model, analysis of the plot within the narrative considered as a complete unit, setting of correspondences betwenn mashal and nimshal. We then insist on the importance of the extravagance in the parable which requires to go beyond the basic model. The mashal becomes thus for the Sages of rabbinical literature a means to uncovering new meanings of the Torah. It is pointed out finally that the mashal is in full harmony with the world of Talmud-Torah, being primarily an activity and a questioning, and belonging to the realm of Oral Torah. Consequently, he can and should question the Written Torah. The harmony of form and content, and the various themes worked out in the mashal also explain why it was highly appreciated by the Sages in their teachings. Therefore, we call a 'Talmud-Torah in miniature' the rabbinical mashal considered as a metaphorical narrative.
* Qual é o maior? O estudo da Torá ou a ação? Rabi Tarfón disse: a ação é maior. Rabi Aqiva disse... more * Qual é o maior? O estudo da Torá ou a ação? Rabi Tarfón disse: a ação é maior. Rabi Aqiva disse: o estudo da Torá é maior. Todos disseram: o estudo da Torá é maior, porque ele leva à ação. Talmud da Babilònia, Qidushin 40b ** Os filhos e as filhas de Dessalines costumam dizer: Fique firme, não desista nunca! (Fala de imigrantes haitianos no Brasil-2018). Pitit Desalin yo konn di: Kenbe djanm, pa janm lage ! ** Palavras-chave: parábola, mashal, evangelho, literatura rabínica.