Jamie S Hughes | Fielding Graduate University (original) (raw)

Papers by Jamie S Hughes

Across 6 studies, relationship closeness strongly influenced moral attribution. First, we found t... more Across 6 studies, relationship closeness strongly influenced moral attribution. First, we found that moral attributions were stronger when one interacted with an intimate compared to less intimate other. Second, we examined attributions about those who treat some people well and others badly. Moral character attributions were worse when an actor harmed an intimate relationship partner compared to a less close relationship partner. Further, the effect of relationship partner on moral attributions was influenced by perceivers' beliefs about one's true character. Perceivers were apt to believe that one's true character is revealed when interacting with close others.

Implicit theories are beliefs that pertain to the nature of person attributes. Entity theorists b... more Implicit theories are beliefs that pertain to the nature of person attributes. Entity theorists believe that a person's
attributes are fixed entities, whereas incremental theorists believe that a person's attributes are malleable. Here,
the theory was tested using confirmatory factor analysis and examining the relationship between the broad
constructs of implicit beliefs about intelligence, persons, and morality and specific measures related to the
broad domains. A model drawn from the theory provided strong evidence for implicit theories. Further, evidence
in support of domain specific measures was also found. An additional study investigated a hypothesis regarding
incremental belief endorsement. Discussion centers on the usefulness of implicit belief measures for basic and
applied research.

Attributions about intentionality and the capacity for agency were explored from coherence perspe... more Attributions about intentionality and the capacity for agency were explored from coherence perspectives.

British Journal of Social Psychology, Jan 1, 2011

In two studies, we predicted and found that inferences about motive and character influence inten... more In two studies, we predicted and found that inferences about motive and character influence intentionality attributions about foreseeable consequences of action (i.e., side effects). First, we show that inferences about intentionality are greater for good side effects than bad side effects when a target person's character is described positively. In Study 2, we manipulated information about a target person and found that inferences about intentionality were greater when side effects were consistent with a target person's character and motives. Overall, our data cast doubt on the generality of the side-effect effect. We discuss our findings and their implications for future research on intentionality and social perception.

The Journal of social psychology, Jan 1, 2010

Intentionality attributions were explored by drawing on the distinction between perfect and imper... more Intentionality attributions were explored by drawing on the distinction between perfect and imperfect moral duties. Previous research has shown that perfect duty violations carry greater attributional weight than imperfect duty violations . In Studies 1 and 2, the distinction between perfect and imperfect duties was replicated with intentionality judgments, and perfect duty violations received higher intentionality attributions than imperfect duty violations. In Study 3 this effect was reversed by manipulating information about an agent's mental intentions or plans to perform a behavior. That is, participants attributed less intentionality to perfect duty violations compared to imperfect duty violations when a mental intention to perform the behavior was absent.

It is an important hypothesis of terror management theory that death thoughts are suppressed imme... more It is an important hypothesis of terror management theory that death thoughts are suppressed immediately following a mortality salience treatment but that, after a short delay during which suppression ceases, death thoughts become more accessible. Although there is much indirect empirical support for this idea, there are few direct tests. Our goal was to test this hypothesis with simple experiments. Thus, after mortality was made salient, death thought accessibility was measured immediately or after a delay. The results contradicted the prediction that death thought accessibility should be higher in the delay condition than in the no delay condition.

Stress management and coping techniques are not only relevant in many psychology courses but also... more Stress management and coping techniques are not only relevant in many psychology courses but also personally relevant for undergraduate students. In this article, the authors describe an activity designed to provide students with practice evaluating and challenging negative self-talk. Students responded to scenarios individually, were paired with another student to challenge erroneous and negative thoughts, and then joined with another pair of students to discuss the activity generally. When compared to students who heard a lecture about reframing and negative self-talk, students who participated in the activity were more likely to advise negative thinkers to challenge their thoughts and beliefs.

Human Factors: The …, Jan 1, 2009

Automation is being used extensively in aviation, particularly in the aircrafts themselves. The a... more Automation is being used extensively in aviation, particularly in the aircrafts themselves. The airline industry benefits from automation because it often increases efficiency and performance. To date, automation research has focused largely on operator trust and reliance, while largely ignoring the role of affect and trust in shaping the attitudes of the novice consumer. In two studies, we found that participants rated a human pilot more favorably than an auto-pilot. However, attitudes toward the automated pilot were more favorable in a high priced compared to a low priced ticket condition, indicating that participants used price to infer quality. In Study 2, inducing positive affect increased ratings of an automated pilot. Path analyses provided additional evidence that perceptions of automation are largely influenced by feelings.

Talks by Jamie S Hughes

We investigated the effect of gender deviance and behavioral norms on mind attribution. In Study ... more We investigated the effect of gender deviance and behavioral norms on mind attribution. In Study 1, actions of gender deviants were rated more intentional than those of neutral targets because gender deviants were seen as more agentic. This effect did not replicate in Study 2.

Across 6 studies, relationship closeness strongly influenced moral attribution. First, we found t... more Across 6 studies, relationship closeness strongly influenced moral attribution. First, we found that moral attributions were stronger when one interacted with an intimate compared to less intimate other. Second, we examined attributions about those who treat some people well and others badly. Moral character attributions were worse when an actor harmed an intimate relationship partner compared to a less close relationship partner. Further, the effect of relationship partner on moral attributions was influenced by perceivers' beliefs about one's true character. Perceivers were apt to believe that one's true character is revealed when interacting with close others.

Implicit theories are beliefs that pertain to the nature of person attributes. Entity theorists b... more Implicit theories are beliefs that pertain to the nature of person attributes. Entity theorists believe that a person's
attributes are fixed entities, whereas incremental theorists believe that a person's attributes are malleable. Here,
the theory was tested using confirmatory factor analysis and examining the relationship between the broad
constructs of implicit beliefs about intelligence, persons, and morality and specific measures related to the
broad domains. A model drawn from the theory provided strong evidence for implicit theories. Further, evidence
in support of domain specific measures was also found. An additional study investigated a hypothesis regarding
incremental belief endorsement. Discussion centers on the usefulness of implicit belief measures for basic and
applied research.

Attributions about intentionality and the capacity for agency were explored from coherence perspe... more Attributions about intentionality and the capacity for agency were explored from coherence perspectives.

British Journal of Social Psychology, Jan 1, 2011

In two studies, we predicted and found that inferences about motive and character influence inten... more In two studies, we predicted and found that inferences about motive and character influence intentionality attributions about foreseeable consequences of action (i.e., side effects). First, we show that inferences about intentionality are greater for good side effects than bad side effects when a target person's character is described positively. In Study 2, we manipulated information about a target person and found that inferences about intentionality were greater when side effects were consistent with a target person's character and motives. Overall, our data cast doubt on the generality of the side-effect effect. We discuss our findings and their implications for future research on intentionality and social perception.

The Journal of social psychology, Jan 1, 2010

Intentionality attributions were explored by drawing on the distinction between perfect and imper... more Intentionality attributions were explored by drawing on the distinction between perfect and imperfect moral duties. Previous research has shown that perfect duty violations carry greater attributional weight than imperfect duty violations . In Studies 1 and 2, the distinction between perfect and imperfect duties was replicated with intentionality judgments, and perfect duty violations received higher intentionality attributions than imperfect duty violations. In Study 3 this effect was reversed by manipulating information about an agent's mental intentions or plans to perform a behavior. That is, participants attributed less intentionality to perfect duty violations compared to imperfect duty violations when a mental intention to perform the behavior was absent.

It is an important hypothesis of terror management theory that death thoughts are suppressed imme... more It is an important hypothesis of terror management theory that death thoughts are suppressed immediately following a mortality salience treatment but that, after a short delay during which suppression ceases, death thoughts become more accessible. Although there is much indirect empirical support for this idea, there are few direct tests. Our goal was to test this hypothesis with simple experiments. Thus, after mortality was made salient, death thought accessibility was measured immediately or after a delay. The results contradicted the prediction that death thought accessibility should be higher in the delay condition than in the no delay condition.

Stress management and coping techniques are not only relevant in many psychology courses but also... more Stress management and coping techniques are not only relevant in many psychology courses but also personally relevant for undergraduate students. In this article, the authors describe an activity designed to provide students with practice evaluating and challenging negative self-talk. Students responded to scenarios individually, were paired with another student to challenge erroneous and negative thoughts, and then joined with another pair of students to discuss the activity generally. When compared to students who heard a lecture about reframing and negative self-talk, students who participated in the activity were more likely to advise negative thinkers to challenge their thoughts and beliefs.

Human Factors: The …, Jan 1, 2009

Automation is being used extensively in aviation, particularly in the aircrafts themselves. The a... more Automation is being used extensively in aviation, particularly in the aircrafts themselves. The airline industry benefits from automation because it often increases efficiency and performance. To date, automation research has focused largely on operator trust and reliance, while largely ignoring the role of affect and trust in shaping the attitudes of the novice consumer. In two studies, we found that participants rated a human pilot more favorably than an auto-pilot. However, attitudes toward the automated pilot were more favorable in a high priced compared to a low priced ticket condition, indicating that participants used price to infer quality. In Study 2, inducing positive affect increased ratings of an automated pilot. Path analyses provided additional evidence that perceptions of automation are largely influenced by feelings.

We investigated the effect of gender deviance and behavioral norms on mind attribution. In Study ... more We investigated the effect of gender deviance and behavioral norms on mind attribution. In Study 1, actions of gender deviants were rated more intentional than those of neutral targets because gender deviants were seen as more agentic. This effect did not replicate in Study 2.