Dr. Ahmed Mead | Samsun Ondokuz Mayis Universty (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Ahmed Mead

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 2022

Introduction and Importance: Traditional circumcisions may cause complications such as hemorrha... more Introduction and Importance:
Traditional circumcisions may cause complications such as hemorrhage, infection, amputations of the penis, meatal stenosis, and urethro-cutaneous fistula. In addition to all these complications, iatrogenic hypospadias, as in our case, is a rare condition. In general, complications are mild and preventable, especially in children, but when the procedure is carried out by unskilled providers, in unsterile conditions, or with inadequate equipment and supplies, severe complications are more likely to occur. Several degrees of urethral erosion, including iatrogenic hypospadias, might result from further injury. Particularly in intensive care facilities, the ventral male urethra can undergo this kind of trauma.

Case presentation:
A 4-year-old child was circumcised at the age of 3 years, and after that, he bled profusely. His parents brought him to the hospital after 4 months. On physical examination of the patient, the glans was normal but there was an opening near the glans in the distal urethra at the subcoronal level. After the pre-operative check-up, the patient was prepared for elective surgery. An incision and dissection were performed to reveal the fistula tract all around by placing marker sutures from the edges of the fistula. The fistula opening was repaired with 6/0 PDS (polydioxanone) and a second layer was created over the urethral fistula repair, and then the skin was closed with 4/0 Vicryl (polyglactin).

Clinical discussion:
Around the world, circumcision continues to be the most common procedure done on children. Injuries to the penis may actually happen with a 1% complication incidence. A poorly placed suture at the frenulum in an effort to achieve hemostasis is the most frequent cause of the fistula. This causes strangulation and necrosis of a portion of the urethral wall, which leads to the creation of a sub glandular fistula. It is important to properly identify and treat any life-threatening injuries to the urethra as soon as possible.

Conclusion:
Considered a medical procedure that necessitates great care, circumcision should only be carried out by qualified surgeons under sterile hospital circumstances. Most circumcision-related injuries result from clamp circumcisions (such as Mogen or Gomco), and they can range from minor loss of penile skin to more serious glans, distal urethral, and penile shaft injuries.

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2022

Primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) is a rare inflammatory gastrointestinal diso... more Primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) is a rare inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder characterized by eosinophil infiltration in the gut. EGIDs are sub-grouped as eosinophilic esophagitis (EE), eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG), and eosinophilic colitis (EC). The least frequent manifestation of EGIDs is EC which affects newborns and young adults. An 18-year-old male patient was admitted complaining of recurrent epigastric and lower abdominal pain, abdominal distension, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss for a long time. Laboratory investigations performed showed a white blood cell (WBC) count of 14.5 × 109/L, with 62.1% neutrophils, 22.4% lymphocytes, 13.2% monocytes, 28.2% eosinophils, 0.1% basophils, and hemoglobin (HGB) level of 6.3 g/dL. Stool examination was positive in the helicobacter pylori test and occult blood. Colonoscopic biopsy showed active colitis with eosinophilia. We recommended corticosteroid treatment to the patient. With prednisolone treatment of 20 mg 2 times per day, the clinical features resolved.

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2022

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are a common health problem resulting in a decreased qualit... more Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are a common health problem resulting in a decreased quality of life. Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries is complex and depends on location, intensity, and type of nerve injury. Allantoin is an antioxidant found in plants that enhance wound healing. It promotes the proliferation of cells by improving peripheral nerve function. This study aimed to investigate the long term effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of allantoin on peripheral nerve healing in an experimental sciatic nerve crush in a rat model.
Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control (Cont) Group did not receive any special protocol for 60 days. Crush (Cr) Group was induced to crush. Allantoin (A) Group received 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. Crush + Allantoin (Cr+A) Group was induced to crush and given 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. After 60 days all rats were sacrificed following electromyography (EMG).
Results: Allantoin was revealed to enhance the peripheral nerve function in terms of amplitude and latency.
Conclusion: The i.p. administration of allantoin may have a positive effect on peripheral nerve healing.

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2021

Aplasia cutis congenita type VI (Bart’s syndrome), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by co... more Aplasia cutis congenita type VI (Bart’s syndrome), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital localized absence of skin, formation of blisters (epidermolysis bullosa), and nail abnormalities. In this report, we present a rare case of aplasia cutis congenita type VI (Bart’s syndrome) in a newborn male baby with the absence of a skin layer over the anterior right leg, slightly below the patella (kneecap) and around the ankle joint. On the second day, the affected areas developed blisters characterizing epidermolysis bullosa. Laboratory investigations were all normal. The patient’s wound was managed conservatively with dressing and topical antibiotic ointments.

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2021

Both histologically and anatomically, the respiratory system is a compound system having diverse ... more Both histologically and anatomically, the respiratory system is a
compound system having diverse functions. It fulfills the process of
respiration that is regarded as gas exchange through conduction and
filtration of air. The respiratory system is functionally divided into
conducting and respiratory parts. Anatomically, the respiratory tract is
categorized into the upper and lower respiratory tract. The lower
respiratory tract represents the organs within the thorax such as the
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar duct, and alveoli which make up
the lungs. The paired lungs are parts of the lower respiratory tract which
are regularly presented microorganisms. Although COVID-19 affects
different organs simultaneously; it seriously affects the lower
respiratory system, produces respiratory distress to affected individuals,
and mostly produces histological changes in the respiratory tract. In
terms of COVID-19 effects on the lower respiratory tract, the lungs are
affected in most cases, and the review is largely focused on the lungs.
The histological effects of COVID-19 on the lungs are different and
reveal a broad spectrum of abnormalities. Diffuse alveolar damage
(DAD) remained the principal lung histopathological finding in patients
with COVID-19. DAD results from damage of the covering cells of the
alveoli and endothelium ending with disarrangement of the blood-air
barrier. Concerning the event of pulmonary injury, DAD is classified
into three histopathological stages that are acute (exudative), subacute
(organizing), and chronic (fibrotic) stage. Since there is no adequate
information about the histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower
respiratory system, this article aimed to review what is known about the
histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower respiratory system. It
summarizes the previous literature of published articles that examined
the histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower respiratory system to
display the present understanding of histological changes of the lower
respiratory system associated with COVID-19. Further data about the
histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower respiratory system is
needed to adequately define the histopathological changes of the lower
respiratory system associated with COVID-19.

Indo – Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR) , 2020

Peripheral nerve injury happens in different kinds, and most of them are a combination of mechani... more Peripheral nerve injury happens in different kinds, and most of them are a combination of mechanisms mentioned in literature. The nerve is evaluated in several ways clinically, but the basic sciences following current approaches are presently obtaining clarified. The clinical correlations of these processes when better understood, promise to guide treatment decisions in the future. In this review, we discuss how peripheral nerves respond to injury. This review aimed to address and summarize how peripheral nerves respond to injury with a particular focus on the response of neurons as well as proximal and distal parts of the nerve after an injury. Neurons, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells are involved in these responses. The capacity of the peripheral nerves to respond, restore, and reinnervate is a unique property of the peripheral nerves. Future researches may provide developed beneficial investigations of how peripheral nerves respond to injuries. A better understanding of how peripheral nerves respond to injuries may enhance the perception of peripheral nerve regeneration.
Key words: Nerve injury, Wallerian degeneration, macrophage, and Schwann cells.

Life Science Archives, 2020

Infectious diseases are infections caused by particular infectious agents. Following large cities... more Infectious diseases are infections caused by particular infectious agents. Following large cities and population growth, airborne viral and bacterial inflammations increased. Rapidly developing infections are spreading to different new areas and have become endemic, causing further widespread transmission. Fast global transport permits infectious diseases to quickly be global challenges. New types of disease-causing viruses are major obstacles for controlling infectious diseases that require ongoing political, financial, and research cooperation. A virus is a molecule of nucleic acid that is either RNA or DNA, enclosed in a protein coat. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA in terms of genetic material. The Coronavirus (CoV) developed in bats and was spread in December 2019 to humans in Wuhan, China. The disease caused by the CoV is called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is spread through inhalation or direct contact with infected droplets. The time of incubation varies between 2 and 14 days. Although some of the cases are asymptomatic, symptoms mostly include fever, cough, sore throat, shortness of breathing, tiredness, and malaise. In young individuals, the condition is minor but is severe in the aged and those individuals with chronic conditions. Treatment is supportive to control symptoms and manage complications accordingly. Vaccines are still unavailable for COVID-19.The most effective ways of COVID-19 prevention is proper hand washing, use of hand sanitizers, and avoid touching the face and mouth after touching places that are not clean or may be infected. People are educated to avoid themselves from crowded areas, keep social distancing, and cover their mouths during sneezing and coughing. Elderly and individuals with chronic diseases should stay at home. People should limit or stop unnecessary travel to epidemic zones. People are strongly urged to obey guidelines from local health authorities to reduce community transmission.

Conference Presentations by Dr. Ahmed Mead

4th International ACHARAKA Congress on Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, 2023

Obesity is defined as an excess storage of body fat that can affect health. It is a risk factor f... more Obesity is defined as an excess storage of body fat that can affect health. It is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and cancer; the more the body obesity increases, the more the risk resulting from it. Leptin is a hormonal product of the obese gene, made by adipose cells that help to regulation of energy balance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of obesity and leptin on kidney histology.

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 2022

Introduction and Importance: Traditional circumcisions may cause complications such as hemorrha... more Introduction and Importance:
Traditional circumcisions may cause complications such as hemorrhage, infection, amputations of the penis, meatal stenosis, and urethro-cutaneous fistula. In addition to all these complications, iatrogenic hypospadias, as in our case, is a rare condition. In general, complications are mild and preventable, especially in children, but when the procedure is carried out by unskilled providers, in unsterile conditions, or with inadequate equipment and supplies, severe complications are more likely to occur. Several degrees of urethral erosion, including iatrogenic hypospadias, might result from further injury. Particularly in intensive care facilities, the ventral male urethra can undergo this kind of trauma.

Case presentation:
A 4-year-old child was circumcised at the age of 3 years, and after that, he bled profusely. His parents brought him to the hospital after 4 months. On physical examination of the patient, the glans was normal but there was an opening near the glans in the distal urethra at the subcoronal level. After the pre-operative check-up, the patient was prepared for elective surgery. An incision and dissection were performed to reveal the fistula tract all around by placing marker sutures from the edges of the fistula. The fistula opening was repaired with 6/0 PDS (polydioxanone) and a second layer was created over the urethral fistula repair, and then the skin was closed with 4/0 Vicryl (polyglactin).

Clinical discussion:
Around the world, circumcision continues to be the most common procedure done on children. Injuries to the penis may actually happen with a 1% complication incidence. A poorly placed suture at the frenulum in an effort to achieve hemostasis is the most frequent cause of the fistula. This causes strangulation and necrosis of a portion of the urethral wall, which leads to the creation of a sub glandular fistula. It is important to properly identify and treat any life-threatening injuries to the urethra as soon as possible.

Conclusion:
Considered a medical procedure that necessitates great care, circumcision should only be carried out by qualified surgeons under sterile hospital circumstances. Most circumcision-related injuries result from clamp circumcisions (such as Mogen or Gomco), and they can range from minor loss of penile skin to more serious glans, distal urethral, and penile shaft injuries.

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2022

Primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) is a rare inflammatory gastrointestinal diso... more Primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) is a rare inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder characterized by eosinophil infiltration in the gut. EGIDs are sub-grouped as eosinophilic esophagitis (EE), eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG), and eosinophilic colitis (EC). The least frequent manifestation of EGIDs is EC which affects newborns and young adults. An 18-year-old male patient was admitted complaining of recurrent epigastric and lower abdominal pain, abdominal distension, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss for a long time. Laboratory investigations performed showed a white blood cell (WBC) count of 14.5 × 109/L, with 62.1% neutrophils, 22.4% lymphocytes, 13.2% monocytes, 28.2% eosinophils, 0.1% basophils, and hemoglobin (HGB) level of 6.3 g/dL. Stool examination was positive in the helicobacter pylori test and occult blood. Colonoscopic biopsy showed active colitis with eosinophilia. We recommended corticosteroid treatment to the patient. With prednisolone treatment of 20 mg 2 times per day, the clinical features resolved.

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2022

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are a common health problem resulting in a decreased qualit... more Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are a common health problem resulting in a decreased quality of life. Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries is complex and depends on location, intensity, and type of nerve injury. Allantoin is an antioxidant found in plants that enhance wound healing. It promotes the proliferation of cells by improving peripheral nerve function. This study aimed to investigate the long term effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of allantoin on peripheral nerve healing in an experimental sciatic nerve crush in a rat model.
Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control (Cont) Group did not receive any special protocol for 60 days. Crush (Cr) Group was induced to crush. Allantoin (A) Group received 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. Crush + Allantoin (Cr+A) Group was induced to crush and given 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. After 60 days all rats were sacrificed following electromyography (EMG).
Results: Allantoin was revealed to enhance the peripheral nerve function in terms of amplitude and latency.
Conclusion: The i.p. administration of allantoin may have a positive effect on peripheral nerve healing.

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2021

Aplasia cutis congenita type VI (Bart’s syndrome), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by co... more Aplasia cutis congenita type VI (Bart’s syndrome), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital localized absence of skin, formation of blisters (epidermolysis bullosa), and nail abnormalities. In this report, we present a rare case of aplasia cutis congenita type VI (Bart’s syndrome) in a newborn male baby with the absence of a skin layer over the anterior right leg, slightly below the patella (kneecap) and around the ankle joint. On the second day, the affected areas developed blisters characterizing epidermolysis bullosa. Laboratory investigations were all normal. The patient’s wound was managed conservatively with dressing and topical antibiotic ointments.

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2021

Both histologically and anatomically, the respiratory system is a compound system having diverse ... more Both histologically and anatomically, the respiratory system is a
compound system having diverse functions. It fulfills the process of
respiration that is regarded as gas exchange through conduction and
filtration of air. The respiratory system is functionally divided into
conducting and respiratory parts. Anatomically, the respiratory tract is
categorized into the upper and lower respiratory tract. The lower
respiratory tract represents the organs within the thorax such as the
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar duct, and alveoli which make up
the lungs. The paired lungs are parts of the lower respiratory tract which
are regularly presented microorganisms. Although COVID-19 affects
different organs simultaneously; it seriously affects the lower
respiratory system, produces respiratory distress to affected individuals,
and mostly produces histological changes in the respiratory tract. In
terms of COVID-19 effects on the lower respiratory tract, the lungs are
affected in most cases, and the review is largely focused on the lungs.
The histological effects of COVID-19 on the lungs are different and
reveal a broad spectrum of abnormalities. Diffuse alveolar damage
(DAD) remained the principal lung histopathological finding in patients
with COVID-19. DAD results from damage of the covering cells of the
alveoli and endothelium ending with disarrangement of the blood-air
barrier. Concerning the event of pulmonary injury, DAD is classified
into three histopathological stages that are acute (exudative), subacute
(organizing), and chronic (fibrotic) stage. Since there is no adequate
information about the histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower
respiratory system, this article aimed to review what is known about the
histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower respiratory system. It
summarizes the previous literature of published articles that examined
the histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower respiratory system to
display the present understanding of histological changes of the lower
respiratory system associated with COVID-19. Further data about the
histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower respiratory system is
needed to adequately define the histopathological changes of the lower
respiratory system associated with COVID-19.

Indo – Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR) , 2020

Peripheral nerve injury happens in different kinds, and most of them are a combination of mechani... more Peripheral nerve injury happens in different kinds, and most of them are a combination of mechanisms mentioned in literature. The nerve is evaluated in several ways clinically, but the basic sciences following current approaches are presently obtaining clarified. The clinical correlations of these processes when better understood, promise to guide treatment decisions in the future. In this review, we discuss how peripheral nerves respond to injury. This review aimed to address and summarize how peripheral nerves respond to injury with a particular focus on the response of neurons as well as proximal and distal parts of the nerve after an injury. Neurons, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells are involved in these responses. The capacity of the peripheral nerves to respond, restore, and reinnervate is a unique property of the peripheral nerves. Future researches may provide developed beneficial investigations of how peripheral nerves respond to injuries. A better understanding of how peripheral nerves respond to injuries may enhance the perception of peripheral nerve regeneration.
Key words: Nerve injury, Wallerian degeneration, macrophage, and Schwann cells.

Life Science Archives, 2020

Infectious diseases are infections caused by particular infectious agents. Following large cities... more Infectious diseases are infections caused by particular infectious agents. Following large cities and population growth, airborne viral and bacterial inflammations increased. Rapidly developing infections are spreading to different new areas and have become endemic, causing further widespread transmission. Fast global transport permits infectious diseases to quickly be global challenges. New types of disease-causing viruses are major obstacles for controlling infectious diseases that require ongoing political, financial, and research cooperation. A virus is a molecule of nucleic acid that is either RNA or DNA, enclosed in a protein coat. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA in terms of genetic material. The Coronavirus (CoV) developed in bats and was spread in December 2019 to humans in Wuhan, China. The disease caused by the CoV is called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is spread through inhalation or direct contact with infected droplets. The time of incubation varies between 2 and 14 days. Although some of the cases are asymptomatic, symptoms mostly include fever, cough, sore throat, shortness of breathing, tiredness, and malaise. In young individuals, the condition is minor but is severe in the aged and those individuals with chronic conditions. Treatment is supportive to control symptoms and manage complications accordingly. Vaccines are still unavailable for COVID-19.The most effective ways of COVID-19 prevention is proper hand washing, use of hand sanitizers, and avoid touching the face and mouth after touching places that are not clean or may be infected. People are educated to avoid themselves from crowded areas, keep social distancing, and cover their mouths during sneezing and coughing. Elderly and individuals with chronic diseases should stay at home. People should limit or stop unnecessary travel to epidemic zones. People are strongly urged to obey guidelines from local health authorities to reduce community transmission.

4th International ACHARAKA Congress on Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, 2023

Obesity is defined as an excess storage of body fat that can affect health. It is a risk factor f... more Obesity is defined as an excess storage of body fat that can affect health. It is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and cancer; the more the body obesity increases, the more the risk resulting from it. Leptin is a hormonal product of the obese gene, made by adipose cells that help to regulation of energy balance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of obesity and leptin on kidney histology.