James Seale | University of Florida (original) (raw)
Papers by James Seale
A seven-variable macroeconomic-agricultural VAR was used to test the overshooting hypothesis for ... more A seven-variable macroeconomic-agricultural VAR was used to test the overshooting hypothesis for agriculture, specifically that growth in agricultural exports are more sensitive to changes in monetary variables such as the money supply and exchange rates. No significant effects from macroeconomic variables were found to growth in either agricultural or nonagricultural exports. The effects that were found suggests that, if anything, growth in nonagricultural exports overshoot relative to growth in agricultural exports.
Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1992
I. Introduction Years of work and field studies by countless researchers have made clear that sma... more I. Introduction Years of work and field studies by countless researchers have made clear that small manufacturing enterprises in developing countries are extraordinarily diverse. Nearly any generalization about the category as a whole will be true for some producers and false for ...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Jun 1, 2015
This paper discusses the determinants of meat imports of China. Results indicate that import dema... more This paper discusses the determinants of meat imports of China. Results indicate that import demand is mostly determined by import price and real GDP. Imported price has a negative effect and real GDP has a positive influence on import quantity. Tariff does not have a significant effect. As GDP and consumption capacity increases, China has a large potential demand for meat imports. Some countries may gain if China's economy continues expanding, while others, like the United States, are the most sensitive to the trade policy of China.
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Jul 1, 2021
This paper estimates changes in demand for imported wines by source country and resulting welfare... more This paper estimates changes in demand for imported wines by source country and resulting welfare effects due to Section 301 tariffs imposed on certain European wines in October 2019. A two-stage expenditure allocation scheme is used to estimate the import demand for red, white, and other wines in the first stage, and source-differentiated red wine and white wine demand in the second stage. From derived price elasticities measuring first and second stage interactions, welfare measures are simulated capturing effects of the new tariffs on both taxed and non-taxed exporters as well as the US importers of red and white wine.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2016
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2016
Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still a... more Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still active in the off-farm labor markets, in and outside the local economy. This paper examines the impact of a portfolio of off-farm incomes on food consumption patterns using Working-Leser framework, under two-stage budgeting, to isolate the off-farm income effect from the pure expenditure elasticities. This is analyzed for rural farm households in transitional Albania. The results indicate that food at home consumption has a positive and inelastic association with offfarm wage income, whereas, the response food away from home consumption is positive and highly elastic. Remittances generate the opposite effect on food consumption both at home and away from home, leading to reduction of food consumption. A disaggregated analysis reveals that off-farm wage income increases households’ consumption of cereal-based foods at home; we find the opposite and significant effect for remittances. These findings should be of interest to policymakers in Albania, especially in designing poverty and nutrition programs.
Eastern European Economics, Dec 10, 2018
Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still a... more Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still active in the off-farm labor markets, in and outside the local economy. This paper examines the impact of a portfolio of off-farm incomes on food consumption patterns using Working-Leser framework, under two-stage budgeting, to isolate the off-farm income effect from the pure expenditure elasticities. This is analyzed for rural farm households in transitional Albania. The results indicate that food at home consumption has a positive and inelastic association with offfarm wage income, whereas, the response food away from home consumption is positive and highly elastic. Remittances generate the opposite effect on food consumption both at home and away from home, leading to reduction of food consumption. A disaggregated analysis reveals that off-farm wage income increases households' consumption of cereal-based foods at home; we find the opposite and significant effect for remittances. These findings should be of interest to policymakers in Albania, especially in designing poverty and nutrition programs.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Jul 27, 2014
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Mar 1, 2010
Cross-Price Elasticities of Demand Across 114 Countries United States Department of Agriculture w... more Cross-Price Elasticities of Demand Across 114 Countries United States Department of Agriculture w w w w w. e r s. u s d a. go v o o Find additional information about global food markets and related topics at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/globalfoodmarkets/ Visit Our Website To Learn More! National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and, where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Aug 1, 2013
Elasticities of import demand and supply often drive economic models, but few empirical estimates... more Elasticities of import demand and supply often drive economic models, but few empirical estimates of these elasticities exist for vegetables and fruits. For those that do exist, most are outdated. Because elasticities change over time as income, prices, and market conditions change, outdated elasticity estimates may not be representative of changes in import quantities demanded or in acreages, yield, and quantities supplied. Moreover, import demand elasticities by country of origin for most vegetables and fruits are nonexistent. This article presents research that updates elasticity estimates for each of the selected product categories and includes production and trade implications.
... Nigeria** ... Therefore, a large portion of the food budget in Sub-Saharan countriesfor exam... more ... Nigeria** ... Therefore, a large portion of the food budget in Sub-Saharan countriesfor example, 50 percent in Rwanda and 46 percent in ... While it is reasonable to assume that expenditures among broad consumption categories in the first stage of the budgeting process might be ...
Frontiers of economics and globalisation, Jul 15, 2017
Abstract The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), designed to establish and enforce food-safety ... more Abstract The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), designed to establish and enforce food-safety standards for foods from domestic and foreign origins, focuses federal regulation on the prevention of food contamination. Many concerns have been expressed about how FSMA-compliance costs will affect the economic viability of very small and small farms, which have higher average compliance costs than do larger farms, thus marginalizing their ability to compete in the marketplace. The purpose of this study is to estimate how FSMA will affect differently sized US and international tomato producers in the fresh-tomato industry. A simulation approach is applied for changes of quantities demanded, revenues, and profits for differently sized farms based on elasticities estimated using a differential approach. Our findings indicate that both domestic and foreign tomato producers with both very small and small farms are expected to see significant losses in profit after the adoption of FSMA. The practical implications of these findings are that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should be aware of, be concerned about, and take into consideration the adverse consequences of their regulatory decisions on food prices, food-industry costs, the structure of the food industry, and product diversity. In essence, the FDA needs to strike a balance between food safety (the primary objective of FSMA) and market performance.
Sugar and related sweetener markets: international perspectives
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2013
Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still a... more Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still active in the off-farm labor markets, in and outside the local economy. This paper examines the impact of a portfolio of off-farm incomes on food consumption patterns using Working-Leser framework, under two-stage budgeting, to isolate the off-farm income effect from the pure expenditure elasticities. This is analyzed for rural farm households in transitional Albania. The results indicate that food at home consumption has a positive and inelastic association with offfarm wage income, whereas, the response food away from home consumption is positive and highly elastic. Remittances generate the opposite effect on food consumption both at home and away from home, leading to reduction of food consumption. A disaggregated analysis reveals that off-farm wage income increases households' consumption of cereal-based foods at home; we find the opposite and significant effect for remittances. T...
Body Mass Index(BMI) proxy for human body fat based on height and weight labels underweight, norm... more Body Mass Index(BMI) proxy for human body fat based on height and weight labels underweight, normal(healthy), overweight, and obese Chinese Adult BMI Underweight >18.5 Normal(healthy) 18.5-23.9 Overweight 24-27.9 Obese ≥28
This paper studies the relationship among domestically produced and imported melons and vegetable... more This paper studies the relationship among domestically produced and imported melons and vegetables (i.e., fresh onions, fresh tomatoes, spinach, oranges and cantaloupes). The U.S import expenditure, quantity, and price data are collected from the Economic Research Service (ERS). U.S. vegetables and melons consumption data are also collected from ERS. In method one, under the assumption of the separability between domestic and foreign goods, we fit the Rotterdam model to the import data for the selected commodities by country of origin. Conditional import expenditure and price elasticities are calculated. In method two, the same commodities are used as in method one, but consumption of the U.S. produced commodities are included with the imported ones. However, the practical application of this method leads to fewer imported goods from countries of origin. Again the Rotterdam model is fit to the data and conditional expenditure and price elasticities are calculated. Also in this secti...
Chinese have been experiencing dramatic changes in their body weight in the last ten years. Food ... more Chinese have been experiencing dramatic changes in their body weight in the last ten years. Food service sector is believed to have significant effect on the rise of obesity in China. This paper analyses Body Mass Index (BMI) and overweight issue of adults 18 years and above in urban China with respect to food eating locations and other socio-economic and demographic variables. The data are from household surveys in three representative Chinese cities: Xi'an, Shenyang, and Xiamen. OLS is used to estimate the relationship between continuous BMI and food eating outlets, and an ordered probit model is fit to the categorical BMI. Findings indicate that the number of meals eaten at cafeterias significantly increases the probability of being overweight and obese while decreasing the probability of staying underweight and normal. The probability that a person in Xi'an, Shenyang and Xiamen is underweight and normal decreases by 0.25 and 0.49 percentage point respectively if consumin...
Agricultural and Food Policy,
A seven-variable macroeconomic-agricultural VAR was used to test the overshooting hypothesis for ... more A seven-variable macroeconomic-agricultural VAR was used to test the overshooting hypothesis for agriculture, specifically that growth in agricultural exports are more sensitive to changes in monetary variables such as the money supply and exchange rates. No significant effects from macroeconomic variables were found to growth in either agricultural or nonagricultural exports. The effects that were found suggests that, if anything, growth in nonagricultural exports overshoot relative to growth in agricultural exports.
Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1992
I. Introduction Years of work and field studies by countless researchers have made clear that sma... more I. Introduction Years of work and field studies by countless researchers have made clear that small manufacturing enterprises in developing countries are extraordinarily diverse. Nearly any generalization about the category as a whole will be true for some producers and false for ...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Jun 1, 2015
This paper discusses the determinants of meat imports of China. Results indicate that import dema... more This paper discusses the determinants of meat imports of China. Results indicate that import demand is mostly determined by import price and real GDP. Imported price has a negative effect and real GDP has a positive influence on import quantity. Tariff does not have a significant effect. As GDP and consumption capacity increases, China has a large potential demand for meat imports. Some countries may gain if China's economy continues expanding, while others, like the United States, are the most sensitive to the trade policy of China.
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Jul 1, 2021
This paper estimates changes in demand for imported wines by source country and resulting welfare... more This paper estimates changes in demand for imported wines by source country and resulting welfare effects due to Section 301 tariffs imposed on certain European wines in October 2019. A two-stage expenditure allocation scheme is used to estimate the import demand for red, white, and other wines in the first stage, and source-differentiated red wine and white wine demand in the second stage. From derived price elasticities measuring first and second stage interactions, welfare measures are simulated capturing effects of the new tariffs on both taxed and non-taxed exporters as well as the US importers of red and white wine.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2016
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2016
Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still a... more Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still active in the off-farm labor markets, in and outside the local economy. This paper examines the impact of a portfolio of off-farm incomes on food consumption patterns using Working-Leser framework, under two-stage budgeting, to isolate the off-farm income effect from the pure expenditure elasticities. This is analyzed for rural farm households in transitional Albania. The results indicate that food at home consumption has a positive and inelastic association with offfarm wage income, whereas, the response food away from home consumption is positive and highly elastic. Remittances generate the opposite effect on food consumption both at home and away from home, leading to reduction of food consumption. A disaggregated analysis reveals that off-farm wage income increases households’ consumption of cereal-based foods at home; we find the opposite and significant effect for remittances. These findings should be of interest to policymakers in Albania, especially in designing poverty and nutrition programs.
Eastern European Economics, Dec 10, 2018
Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still a... more Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still active in the off-farm labor markets, in and outside the local economy. This paper examines the impact of a portfolio of off-farm incomes on food consumption patterns using Working-Leser framework, under two-stage budgeting, to isolate the off-farm income effect from the pure expenditure elasticities. This is analyzed for rural farm households in transitional Albania. The results indicate that food at home consumption has a positive and inelastic association with offfarm wage income, whereas, the response food away from home consumption is positive and highly elastic. Remittances generate the opposite effect on food consumption both at home and away from home, leading to reduction of food consumption. A disaggregated analysis reveals that off-farm wage income increases households' consumption of cereal-based foods at home; we find the opposite and significant effect for remittances. These findings should be of interest to policymakers in Albania, especially in designing poverty and nutrition programs.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Jul 27, 2014
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Mar 1, 2010
Cross-Price Elasticities of Demand Across 114 Countries United States Department of Agriculture w... more Cross-Price Elasticities of Demand Across 114 Countries United States Department of Agriculture w w w w w. e r s. u s d a. go v o o Find additional information about global food markets and related topics at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/globalfoodmarkets/ Visit Our Website To Learn More! National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and, where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Aug 1, 2013
Elasticities of import demand and supply often drive economic models, but few empirical estimates... more Elasticities of import demand and supply often drive economic models, but few empirical estimates of these elasticities exist for vegetables and fruits. For those that do exist, most are outdated. Because elasticities change over time as income, prices, and market conditions change, outdated elasticity estimates may not be representative of changes in import quantities demanded or in acreages, yield, and quantities supplied. Moreover, import demand elasticities by country of origin for most vegetables and fruits are nonexistent. This article presents research that updates elasticity estimates for each of the selected product categories and includes production and trade implications.
... Nigeria** ... Therefore, a large portion of the food budget in Sub-Saharan countriesfor exam... more ... Nigeria** ... Therefore, a large portion of the food budget in Sub-Saharan countriesfor example, 50 percent in Rwanda and 46 percent in ... While it is reasonable to assume that expenditures among broad consumption categories in the first stage of the budgeting process might be ...
Frontiers of economics and globalisation, Jul 15, 2017
Abstract The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), designed to establish and enforce food-safety ... more Abstract The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), designed to establish and enforce food-safety standards for foods from domestic and foreign origins, focuses federal regulation on the prevention of food contamination. Many concerns have been expressed about how FSMA-compliance costs will affect the economic viability of very small and small farms, which have higher average compliance costs than do larger farms, thus marginalizing their ability to compete in the marketplace. The purpose of this study is to estimate how FSMA will affect differently sized US and international tomato producers in the fresh-tomato industry. A simulation approach is applied for changes of quantities demanded, revenues, and profits for differently sized farms based on elasticities estimated using a differential approach. Our findings indicate that both domestic and foreign tomato producers with both very small and small farms are expected to see significant losses in profit after the adoption of FSMA. The practical implications of these findings are that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should be aware of, be concerned about, and take into consideration the adverse consequences of their regulatory decisions on food prices, food-industry costs, the structure of the food industry, and product diversity. In essence, the FDA needs to strike a balance between food safety (the primary objective of FSMA) and market performance.
Sugar and related sweetener markets: international perspectives
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2013
Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still a... more Full-time working within agriculture is now relatively uncommon; many farm households are still active in the off-farm labor markets, in and outside the local economy. This paper examines the impact of a portfolio of off-farm incomes on food consumption patterns using Working-Leser framework, under two-stage budgeting, to isolate the off-farm income effect from the pure expenditure elasticities. This is analyzed for rural farm households in transitional Albania. The results indicate that food at home consumption has a positive and inelastic association with offfarm wage income, whereas, the response food away from home consumption is positive and highly elastic. Remittances generate the opposite effect on food consumption both at home and away from home, leading to reduction of food consumption. A disaggregated analysis reveals that off-farm wage income increases households' consumption of cereal-based foods at home; we find the opposite and significant effect for remittances. T...
Body Mass Index(BMI) proxy for human body fat based on height and weight labels underweight, norm... more Body Mass Index(BMI) proxy for human body fat based on height and weight labels underweight, normal(healthy), overweight, and obese Chinese Adult BMI Underweight >18.5 Normal(healthy) 18.5-23.9 Overweight 24-27.9 Obese ≥28
This paper studies the relationship among domestically produced and imported melons and vegetable... more This paper studies the relationship among domestically produced and imported melons and vegetables (i.e., fresh onions, fresh tomatoes, spinach, oranges and cantaloupes). The U.S import expenditure, quantity, and price data are collected from the Economic Research Service (ERS). U.S. vegetables and melons consumption data are also collected from ERS. In method one, under the assumption of the separability between domestic and foreign goods, we fit the Rotterdam model to the import data for the selected commodities by country of origin. Conditional import expenditure and price elasticities are calculated. In method two, the same commodities are used as in method one, but consumption of the U.S. produced commodities are included with the imported ones. However, the practical application of this method leads to fewer imported goods from countries of origin. Again the Rotterdam model is fit to the data and conditional expenditure and price elasticities are calculated. Also in this secti...
Chinese have been experiencing dramatic changes in their body weight in the last ten years. Food ... more Chinese have been experiencing dramatic changes in their body weight in the last ten years. Food service sector is believed to have significant effect on the rise of obesity in China. This paper analyses Body Mass Index (BMI) and overweight issue of adults 18 years and above in urban China with respect to food eating locations and other socio-economic and demographic variables. The data are from household surveys in three representative Chinese cities: Xi'an, Shenyang, and Xiamen. OLS is used to estimate the relationship between continuous BMI and food eating outlets, and an ordered probit model is fit to the categorical BMI. Findings indicate that the number of meals eaten at cafeterias significantly increases the probability of being overweight and obese while decreasing the probability of staying underweight and normal. The probability that a person in Xi'an, Shenyang and Xiamen is underweight and normal decreases by 0.25 and 0.49 percentage point respectively if consumin...
Agricultural and Food Policy,