The Effective Altruism Handbook — EA Forum (original) (raw)

The Introduction to Effective Altruism Handbook

Effective altruism (EA) is an ongoing project to find the best ways to do good, and put them into practice.

This series of articles will introduce you to some of the core thinking tools behind effective altruism, share some of the arguments about which global problems are most pressing, and help you to reflect on how you personally can contribute.

Introduction to Effective Altruism

The handbook is structured into eight chapters, with exercises to help you reflect on your reading throughout. If you'd like to discuss these ideas with other people who are interested in improving the lives of others, you may be interested in our free introductory EA program, which is based on this handbook.

If you want to use your time or money to help others, you probably want to help as many people as you can. But you only have so much time to help, so you can have a much bigger impact if you focus on the interventions that help more people rather than fewer.

But finding such interventions is incredibly difficult: it requires a "scout mindset" - seeking the truth, rather than defending our current ideas.

Introduction

On effective altruism

On scope sensitivity

On scout mindset and thinking clearly

On tradeoffs

On impact

More to explore

Around 700 million people still live in poverty, mostly in low-income countries. Efforts to help them - by policy reform, cash transfers, or provision of health services - can be incredibly effective.

Alongside investigating this issue, we also discuss how much more effective some interventions are than others, and we introduce a simple tool for estimating important figures.

Introduction

ITN framework

Differences in impact

Thinking on the Margin

Fermi estimation

Background data on global health and poverty

EA strategies for addressing global poverty

Exercise (20 mins.)

More to explore

Should we care about non-human animals? We'll show how it can be important to care impartially, rather than ignoring weird topics or unusual beneficiaries. We'll also give you some ideas for how we could improve the lives of animals that suffer in factory farms.

Introduction

Impartiality and radical empathy

The case for caring about animal welfare

Strategies for improving animal welfare

Exercise (10 mins.)

More to explore

Humanity appears to face existential risks: a chance that we'll destroy our long-term potential. We’ll examine why existential risks might be a moral priority, and explore why they are so neglected by society. We’ll also look into one of the major risks that we might face: a human-made pandemic, worse than COVID-19.

Alongside this, we'll introduce you to the concept of “expected value” and explore whether you could lose all of your impact by missing one crucial consideration.

Introduction

Existential risks

Risks from pandemics

Strategies for improving biosecurity

Expected value & Hits-based giving

Crucial considerations

Exercise (10 mins.)

More to explore

"Longtermism" is the view that improving the long term future is a key moral priority of our time. This can bolster arguments for working on reducing some of the extinction risks that we covered in the last section.

We’ll also explore some views on what our future could look like, and why it might be pretty different from the present. And we'll introduce forecasting: a set of methods for improving and learning from our attempts to predict the future.

Introduction

The case for and against longtermism

Hinge of history

To what extent can we predict the future? How?

What might the future look like?

Exercise (45 mins.)

More to explore

Transformative artificial intelligence may well be developed this century. If it is, it may begin to make many significant decisions for us, and rapidly accelerate changes like economic growth. Are we set up to deal with this new technology safely?

You will also learn about strategies to prevent an AI-related catastrophe and the possibility of so-called “s-risks”.

Introduction

The case for worrying about risks from artificial intelligence

Strategies for reducing risks from unaligned artificial intelligence

Suffering risks

More to explore

It's really important to think for yourself and reflect on the arguments you've heard in previous weeks: you might uncover places where you disagree, or mistakes in the reasoning. And even if you don't you'll probably understand the ideas more deeply if you've thought about their weakest points.

So this week, we encourage you to take some time to reflect on your confusions and concerns about the ideas so far, and to read up on some of the strongest counterarguments.

Introduction

Bayes' rule and evidence

Independent impressions

Learning from mistakes

Less common causes

Exercise (1.5 hrs.)

More to explore

In this final section, we hope to help you apply the principles of effective altruism to your own life and career.

You probably won’t be ready to make a major change just yet - you might want to read and reflect more before you do that. So instead we’ll help you to think through some of your key uncertainties, generate tests for those uncertainties, and plan out how you can make sure you follow through on your intentions.

Introduction

Attitudes to doing good

Career choice

Donations

Dealing with demandingness

Exercise (1.5 hrs.)

More to explore