Ulla Pape | Freie Universität Berlin (original) (raw)
Papers by Ulla Pape
Ibidem eBooks, 2009
Item does not contain fulltex
The journal of social policy studies, Dec 31, 2010
The journal of social policy studies, 2010
De Gruyter eBooks, Jun 19, 2023
Russland-Analysen, Sep 25, 2009
Journal of Civil Society, Jan 2, 2022
East European Politics
The Russian state requires companies to invest in welfare provision and to conclude socio-economi... more The Russian state requires companies to invest in welfare provision and to conclude socio-economic cooperation agreements (SECAs) with regional administrations. Based on empirical evidence from Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, this article analyses state-business interactions at the subnational level. We show that state and business actors have formalised their resource exchange in the SECAs. Because of the agreements' adaptive nature, both parties are able to manage their respective obligations and risks within an authoritarian and highly volatile environment. We identify four patterns of contractual relations, depending on the companies' production capacities and their commitment to providing social investments in the region.
Die Arbeit der Zivilgesellschaft
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) is the only region in the world where annual HIV infection... more Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) is the only region in the world where annual HIV infection rates continue to grow. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), in 2019 approximately 1.4 million people in the region were living with HIV. The main factors that have contributed to the spread of the epidemic over the past two decades include injecting drug use, the stigmatization and marginalization of vulnerable groups, the increasing spread of HIV into the general population, and the lack of evidence-based prevention and treatment programs necessary for controlling the epidemic. Limited access to life-saving antiretroviral treatment has intensified the impact of the epidemic in EECA and increased mortality rates among people living with HIV (PLWH). In the post-Soviet space, Russia is experiencing by far the biggest HIV/AIDS epidemic. This can be attributed largely to the government’s failure to introduce evidence-based prevention measures for vulnerable g...
![Research paper thumbnail of Rol’ nepravitel’stvennych organizatsii v protivodeistvii VICh/SPIDu v Rossii: politicheskie vozmozhnosti i organizatsionnye strategii [The role of non-governmental organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Russia: political opportunities and organisational strategies]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119654258/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Contains fulltext : 155588.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Great extremes of optimism... more Contains fulltext : 155588.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Great extremes of optimism and pessimism have surrounded the development of civil society in the post-communist counties, none more so than the Russian Federation. Non-Government or Non-Commercial Organisations (NGOs or NPOs for short) were expected to play the central role in representing certain social groups in the new, more open conditions post 1991. This has indeed proven to be the case in Russia, as can be seen by a more detailed look at the case of HIV/AIDS prevention policy over the past two decades. This is an area that has seen great change in its management, with more advanced cooperation between NGOs and the state bodies than is perhaps seen in other areas in Russia. This article studies various aspects of NGOs working in the HIV/AIDS sphere, within a context of gradually emerging civil society in Post-Soviet Russia. This is done through the collection of interviews in three regions of Russia, which p...
Ibidem eBooks, 2009
Item does not contain fulltex
The journal of social policy studies, Dec 31, 2010
The journal of social policy studies, 2010
De Gruyter eBooks, Jun 19, 2023
Russland-Analysen, Sep 25, 2009
Journal of Civil Society, Jan 2, 2022
East European Politics
The Russian state requires companies to invest in welfare provision and to conclude socio-economi... more The Russian state requires companies to invest in welfare provision and to conclude socio-economic cooperation agreements (SECAs) with regional administrations. Based on empirical evidence from Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, this article analyses state-business interactions at the subnational level. We show that state and business actors have formalised their resource exchange in the SECAs. Because of the agreements' adaptive nature, both parties are able to manage their respective obligations and risks within an authoritarian and highly volatile environment. We identify four patterns of contractual relations, depending on the companies' production capacities and their commitment to providing social investments in the region.
Die Arbeit der Zivilgesellschaft
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) is the only region in the world where annual HIV infection... more Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) is the only region in the world where annual HIV infection rates continue to grow. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), in 2019 approximately 1.4 million people in the region were living with HIV. The main factors that have contributed to the spread of the epidemic over the past two decades include injecting drug use, the stigmatization and marginalization of vulnerable groups, the increasing spread of HIV into the general population, and the lack of evidence-based prevention and treatment programs necessary for controlling the epidemic. Limited access to life-saving antiretroviral treatment has intensified the impact of the epidemic in EECA and increased mortality rates among people living with HIV (PLWH). In the post-Soviet space, Russia is experiencing by far the biggest HIV/AIDS epidemic. This can be attributed largely to the government’s failure to introduce evidence-based prevention measures for vulnerable g...
Contains fulltext : 155588.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Great extremes of optimism... more Contains fulltext : 155588.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Great extremes of optimism and pessimism have surrounded the development of civil society in the post-communist counties, none more so than the Russian Federation. Non-Government or Non-Commercial Organisations (NGOs or NPOs for short) were expected to play the central role in representing certain social groups in the new, more open conditions post 1991. This has indeed proven to be the case in Russia, as can be seen by a more detailed look at the case of HIV/AIDS prevention policy over the past two decades. This is an area that has seen great change in its management, with more advanced cooperation between NGOs and the state bodies than is perhaps seen in other areas in Russia. This article studies various aspects of NGOs working in the HIV/AIDS sphere, within a context of gradually emerging civil society in Post-Soviet Russia. This is done through the collection of interviews in three regions of Russia, which p...
Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2024
Authoritarian regimes widely involve non-state actors in social welfare to increase output legiti... more Authoritarian regimes widely involve non-state actors in social welfare to increase output legitimacy and regime stability. Despite the volume of corporate social investments, the role of private companies in authoritarian welfare is still poorly understood. This study analyzes the functioning of corporate social programs in the Russian authoritarian welfare state by focusing on corporate grant competitions and corporate volunteering as means of engaging both the local population and the companies’ employees in the regions. Drawing on stakeholder theory, it investigates how companies position themselves as welfare providers and how they legitimize their role with regard to key stakeholders, including state officials, employees, and the local population. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews with company representatives and key stakeholders in four Russian regions: Kemerovo, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region, Tiumen′, and Volgograd. In addition, corporate social reports from 2018 and information for beneficiaries were evaluated to identify program guidelines, motivations, and stakeholder assessments. The study argues that companies play an important role as welfare providers through the financial support of social organizations and employee initiatives at the regional and the local level. By providing social investments in geographically defined “territories of presence,” Russian companies pursue a double legitimation strategy, both demonstrating their social responsibility and loyalty toward the regime and strengthening authoritarian welfare provision through private social investments. With a detailed analysis of corporate social programs, this study contributes to our understanding of the specific conditions and mechanisms of social policy in authoritarian regimes and the place that companies occupy within it.
Russland-Analysen, 2019
Die großen Herausforderungen der Zukunft – Klimawandel, nachhaltiges Wachstum und soziale Gerecht... more Die großen Herausforderungen der Zukunft – Klimawandel, nachhaltiges Wachstum und soziale Gerechtigkeit – können nur in Zusammenarbeit mit der Wirtschaft gemeistert werden. Die Debatten um die gesellschaftliche Verantwortung von (Groß-)Unternehmen sind inzwischen auch in Russland angekommen. Russische Unternehmen sind Teil globaler Wertschöpfungsketten und beteiligen sich an internationalen Netzwerken zur sozialen und ökologischen Unternehmensverantwortung (in der englischen Fachliteratur: Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR). In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir, wie Staat und Wirtschaft auf dem Gebiet der gesellschaftlichen Unternehmensverantwortung in Russland zusammenarbeiten. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass russische Firmen besonders in den Regionen auf sowjetische und vorsowjetische Traditionen der Unternehmensverantwortung und Wohltätigkeit zurückgreifen können. Daneben lässt sich ein zunehmender Druck internationaler Märkte beobachten, der Unternehmen auf die Einhaltung menschenrechtlicher und ökologischer Standards verpflichtet. Warum sich russische Unternehmen im Bereich CSR engagieren und wie sich ihre Zusammenarbeit mit dem Staat in diesem Bereich entwickelt, bleibt jedoch weiterhin Gegenstand der Debatte.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, 2019
Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) is the only region in the world where annual HIV infection... more Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) is the only region in the world where annual HIV infection rates continue to grow. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), in 2019 approximately 1.4 million people in the region were living with HIV. The main factors that have contributed to the spread of the epidemic over the past two decades include injecting drug use, the stigmatization and marginalization of vulnerable groups, the increasing spread of HIV into the general population, and the lack of evidence-based prevention and treatment programs necessary for controlling the epidemic. Limited access to life-saving antiretroviral treatment has intensified the impact of the epidemic in EECA and increased mortality rates among people living with HIV (PLWH).
In the post-Soviet space, Russia is experiencing by far the biggest HIV/AIDS epidemic. This can be attributed largely to the government’s failure to introduce evidence-based prevention measures for vulnerable groups, e.g., harm reduction programs, which are recommended by international health organizations. Other countries in the region have
been more pragmatic in their approach and introduced harm reductions programs on a broader scale. In Ukraine, the efforts to combat HIV, which led to an initial stabilization of the epidemic in 2012, have been endangered by the military conflict in the eastern part of the country and subsequent internal displacement, which has increased HIV vulnerability. In comparison with Russia and Ukraine, the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia are less affected by HIV. However, labor migration to Russia constitutes a persistent
risk factor for HIV transmission from higher-prevalence Russia to lower-prevalence South Caucasus and Central Asia.
Although initially the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been mainly driven by injecting drug use, it is also clearly linked to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) politics and policies in EECA. Because of widespread stigmatization and marginalization, the spread of HIV within LGBT communities remains underreported and is barely visible in official HIV statistics. This makes it difficult for prevention programs to reach out to vulnerable groups. In all countries in the region, prevention efforts among LGBT communities remain inadequate and largely depend on local civil society organizations (CSOs), which
lack the capacities to provide nationwide information campaigns and other prevention programs for the LGBT community. In addition, the work of CSOs that advocate for HIV prevention among LGBT groups is further undermined by repressive laws, e.g., the 2013 “gay propaganda law” in Russia, which has increased the stigmatization of LGBT people
and has made prevention outreach more difficult. Research has contributed to our understanding of HIV vulnerability and its impact in EECA. Further research is needed, however, into the social and political factors that explain the persistent failure of regional decision-makers to adequately address the growing HIV epidemic.
Russland-Analysen, 2019
Das Leugnen der Aids-Epidemie hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem weitverbreiteten Phänom... more Das Leugnen der Aids-Epidemie hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem weitverbreiteten Phänomen in Russland entwickelt. Die Aids-Leugner bestreiten die Existenz der Aids-Epidemie und den Zusammenhang zwischen HIV und Aids. Sie versuchen mit Falschinformationen, Betroffene von der antiretroviralen Therapie als lebenserhaltender Behandlung abzuhalten bzw. zum Therapieabbruch zu motivieren. Die antiwissenschaftliche Bewegung der Aids-Leugner findet vorwiegend im Internet Verbreitung. Es gibt jedoch vermehrt auch russische Ärzte, die als Anhänger der Aids-Leugnung in den Medien auftreten. Da die Aids-Leugnung vermehrt Zuspruch unter Patienten findet und zur allgemeinen Tabuisierung beiträgt, stellt sie ein schwerwiegendes Problem für die Bekämpfung der Aids-Epidemie in Russland dar.
Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 2019
This article discusses the evolution of government-nonprofit relations at the regional level in R... more This article discusses the evolution of government-nonprofit relations at the regional level in Russia against the background of national-level restrictions on NGOs. Russia recently also introduced supportive policies and the article aims to trace the regional administrations’ reactions to the dual realities of the federal government’s posture towards nonprofits. Considerable variation was found in regional government-nonprofit relationships as well as deviation from national policy stances. Using a subnational comparative framework, this article addresses a gap in the literature and lays the groundwork for future cross-national comparisons of subnational variations of government-nonprofit relations in other authoritarian and hybrid political regimes
Voluntas, 2019
In the article, we analyse the impact of changing policy environments on the development of the t... more In the article, we analyse the impact of changing policy environments on the development of the third sector in Europe. Based on the results of systematic comparative research in eight European countries and the UK), we identify commonalities and differences. In a three-step analysis, we examine policy changes, effects on the third sector and responses by third sector organizations (TSOs) in the social domain. Overall, the third sector in Europe has proven resilient. However, not only have public and private funding decreased, the process for acquiring such funding has become more demanding for TSOs, as have requirements to be accountable. There are signs of a proliferation of more market-based, hybrid organizations. Despite this general trend towards marketization, the impact of policy changes varies across Europe with TSOs being better equipped to adapt and survive in countries where collaborative ties between the state and the third sector have traditionally been strong.
Humanitas is a social service and community building organization in the Netherlands. As many oth... more Humanitas is a social service and community building organization in the Netherlands. As many other Dutch third sector organizations (TSOs), Humanitas has experienced many challenges over the past years. Working in the social sphere has become more complex and demanding, the requirements on organizational accountability and transparency have grown, and the public is no longer satisfied with well-intentioned charity work, but expects to see demonstrable results from social organizations. In a network of multiple stakeholders, including members, employees, volunteers, clients and external partners, TSOs such as Humanitas have to balance various demands and continuously need to position themselves in a changing environment.
This article aims to explore the link between civil society and the public sphere in present-day ... more This article aims to explore the link between civil society and the public sphere in present-day Russia by studying a recent library reform project in Moscow. In 2013, a comprehensive reconstruction of Moscow's network of 448 public libraries was initiated by a group of intellectuals, architects and urbanists. The project team aimed at modernizing Moscow's city libraries by making them more accessible and appealing to the public. The reconstruction gained support from the city administration that sought to strengthen the function of public libraries as cultural and educational institutions and, at the same time, improve the city's image in the eyes of its citizens. The article poses the question of whether this reform has been successful in making Moscow's city libraries more open, accessible and inviting for the public, and whether the reform has contributed to the development of a public sphere in the city by providing new spaces for participation and civic engagement. The article explores the reform process based on interviews with key informants and document analysis. It looks into the project objectives, its implementation process and its legacy. The analysis of the library reform project revealed contradictory results, as the reform did not develop beyond the pilot phase, but was stopped due to fading support from the city administration. Overall, the library reform thus remained an unfinished process. For developing the public sphere, the legacy of the reform project is ambivalent. On the one hand, the project has proved that creating new public spaces in Moscow is possible. On the other hand, it showed that the public sphere remains limited in today's Russia, as civic initiatives cannot develop beyond a cultural niche project. Due to a lack of political support for societal pluralism, a true autonomous public sphere remains beyond reach in present-day Russia.
Während der Kampf gegen HIV und Aids weltweit große Fortschritte erzielt, steigt im Gegensatz daz... more Während der Kampf gegen HIV und Aids weltweit große Fortschritte erzielt, steigt im Gegensatz dazu die Zahl der HIV-Neuinfektionen in Russland stetig an. Mit über einer Million HIV-Kranken hat Russland einen bedauernswerten Höchststand erreicht. Durch politische Versäumnisse, eine mangelnde medizinische Versorgung und Negierung der Problematik sind die Aussichten düster, trotz international bewährter Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Epidemie.
In present-day Russia, the government's approach towards the non-profit sector is in many ways am... more In present-day Russia, the government's approach towards the non-profit sector is in many ways ambivalent and contradictory. The Russian government follows two opposing strategies: it largely suppresses independent and potentially critical NPOs, while at the same time co-opting those that function in line with government priorities. The essay analyses the ways in which NPOs have perceived the dual nature of governmental policies and how these policies have affected the non-profit sector in Russia's regions. The essay argues that, by creating divisions between different types of NPOs, government policies have exerted a negative influence on the internal solidarity of the Russian non-profit sector.
The context conditions for third sector organizations (TSOs) in Europe have significantly changed... more The context conditions for third sector organizations (TSOs) in Europe have significantly changed as a result of the global economic crisis, including decreasing levels of public funding and changing modes of relations with the state. The effect of economic recession, however, varies across Europe. This article aims to understand why this is the case. It analyses the impact of economic recession and related policy changes on third sector development in Europe. The economic effects on TSOs are thereby placed into a broader context of changing third sector policies and welfare state restructuring.
The article focuses on two research questions: (1) how has the changing policy environment affected the development of the third sector? And (2) what kind of strategies have TSOs adopted to respond to these changes? The article first investigates general trends in Europe, based on a conceptual model that focuses on economic recession and austerity policies with regard to the third sector. In a second step of analysis, the article provides five country case studies that exemplify policy changes and responses from the third sector in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain.
The article argues that three different development paths can be identified across Europe. In some countries (France and Spain), TSOs face a strong effect of economic recession. In other countries (Germany and Poland) the development of the third sector remains largely stable, albeit at different levels, whereas in the Netherlands, TSOs rather experience changes in the policy environment than a direct impact of economic decline. The article also shows that response strategies of the third sector in Europe depend on the context conditions. The article is based on the European project “Third Sector Impact” (TSI). It combines an analysis of statistical information with qualitative data from interviews with third sector representatives.
Government–nonprofit cooperation has been an issue of considerable debate in public management li... more Government–nonprofit cooperation has been an issue of considerable debate in public management literature. Most studies have focused on Western countries where collaborative forms of government have become a core element in the provision of social services. Less is known about transitional countries such as Russia where government–nonprofit cooperation is a relatively new phenomenon that is taking shape in the ambiguous context of a hybrid political regime. This article studies the nature and extent of government–nonprofit relations in Russia's regions. It focuses on the regional implementation of the Russian government's program to enhance the cooperation with socially oriented nonprofit organizations enacted in 2010. The article aims to understand how this program has been realized on the ground, at the regional level, and how it is assessed by the actors involved. The article thereby contributes to a broader comparative understanding of the evolution of government–nonprofit relations by bringing the special case of Russia into systematic view.
This article illustrates the development of government-nonprofit collaboration in The Netherlands... more This article illustrates the development of government-nonprofit collaboration in The Netherlands. It first gives an overview of scope and structure of the non-profit sector and voluntary work and then explains the crucial steps in the evolution of partnership arrangement between the public sector and nonprofit institutions. The article describes the past significance of so-called pillarization on the development of the nonprofit sector and its collaboration with the state. In accommodating a broad diversity of nonprofit organizations with different religious and societal background, The Netherlands created an elaborate mechanism for government-nonprofit collaboration in which nonprofit organizations fulfil functions in service delivery and policy formation. However, the sector is now fundamentally fragmented and now has little shared identity left. Paradoxically, its past success also makes it less likely that the Dutch nonprofit sector will be regarded as a solution to current social problems.
The State of Civil Society Report studies civil society development in Russia and four EU-countri... more The State of Civil Society Report studies civil society development in Russia and four EU-countries: Germany, Spain, Poland and Hungary. Two major aspects were studies during the research: the perception of the most important challenges for CSOs and the best practices developed by them to respond to these challenges. Results indicated that for CSOs in all the countries the biggest challenges are financial, although to various degrees and for different reasons. In Spain, it comes mainly as a consequence of the economic crisis. In Germany, previously stable state funding is now being reduced. In Hungary and Poland, the government is hindering access to EU funding. In Hungary and Russia, the state creates barriers for CSOs receiving foreign funding. In all countries, CSOs see a reduction in traditional financial sources and face a need to find new sources of funding. The survey and the interviews highlighted organizational challenges and the need for better communications, including the use of social media and information technologies. CSOs under pressure intensify their work with garget groups and volunteers and seeks more public support.