Nuhu Sambo | Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State Nigeria (original) (raw)

Papers by Nuhu Sambo

Eurasian journal of medicine and oncology, 2018

Objectives: The modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, antioxidants, and tissue necros... more Objectives: The modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, antioxidants, and tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) using ethanol stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii H. was evaluated in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer albino rat model. Methods: Thirty albino rats of either sex (200-250 g) were starved for 48 h but were allowed drinking water with 8% sucrose to avoid dehydration. The rats were placed on wire gauze above the base of the cage to prevent coprophagy. At the end of the fasting period, the rats were equally divided and assigned to six treatment groups. Group A served as control and 5 ml/kg distilled water was orally administered to the rats without further treatment. Rats in group B were given 5 ml/kg distilled water and served as negative control. Rats in groups C, D, and E were pretreated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the ethanol stem bark extract of B. dalzielii H, respectively. Group F received 50 mg/kg ranitidine. After 1 h, all the rats in groups B-F were each given absolute ethanol 1 ml/200 g body weight of rat. All treatments were by intragastric lavage. One hour after the treatment with ethanol, all the rats in the experiment (groups A-F) were euthanized with an overdose of anesthetic ether and their stomachs were excised. The stomachs were cut along the greater curvature and washed in warm normal saline. Each stomach was stretched out and pinned on board. Results: The results of the study revealed that pretreatment with ethanol stem bark extract of B. dalzielii H. decreased gross and histological gastric mucosal damage caused by intragastric administration of absolute ethanol in a dosedependent manner when compared with controls. The gastric ulcer index and gastric tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and TNF-α were significantly reduced (p<0.001), whereas the gastric tissue level of superoxide dismutase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was significantly increased (p<0.001) when compared with the controls. Conclusion: The plant extract attenuated gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol via upregulation in the expression of gastric tissue VEGF, reinforcement of the antioxidant system, and reduction in the gastric tissue level of MDA and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.

Bollettino chimico farmaceutico

The effect of the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis seem on the central nervous system of r... more The effect of the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis seem on the central nervous system of rats and mice was investigated. The extract was tested on spontaneous motor activity, exploratory behaviour, apomorphine induced climbing behaviour in mice and pentobarbital induced hypnosis in rats. The extract caused considerable reductions of exploratory activity, spontaneous motor activity and prolonged pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis in rats. It was also found to attenuate apomorphine climbing in mice. The results suggest that the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis may contain principles that have sedative properties.

Highland Medical Research Journal, 2007

The effect of Age, Weight, as determined by BMI and Nutritional Status, as determined by blood ha... more The effect of Age, Weight, as determined by BMI and Nutritional Status, as determined by blood haemoglobin concentration, on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in healthy volunteer medical students was determined in this study. The study involved twenty-seven healthy male medical students and seventeen healthy female medical students. All students were well oriented on the modality of the study. Results showed that Age, BMI, b have significant effect (p<0.0001) on PEFR in both groups. The study showed that there is significant association between age, BMI and nutritional status with PEFR among healthy volunteer medical students.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2019

This study is to investigate the effect of gasoline vapour exposure on haematological indices in ... more This study is to investigate the effect of gasoline vapour exposure on haematological indices in wistar albino rats under simulated work place exposure.

Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 2010

ABSTRACT

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

The effect of oral administration of Artesunate on the histology of the Kidney of Albino Rat was ... more The effect of oral administration of Artesunate on the histology of the Kidney of Albino Rat was determined histologically. Thirty Albino rats weighing 80-175g were divided into five groups (A-E) of five rats each. Group A (control) was give equal volume of distilled water daily. Group B received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 5 days and were sacrificed on the 6th day. Group C were given 4mg/kg of Artesunate for the 1 st day, then 3mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 8 days and sacrificed on the 10 th day. Group D received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for the 1 st day, then 3mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 12 days and sacrificed on the 14 th day. Group E served as recovery group which received equal treatment as group D above and were left for 10 days later on vital feed and water and were sacrificed on the 23 rd day. The route of administration was orally by the use of the orogastric tube. The kidneys were removed and transferred immediately into 10% formalin. There were no marked differences between the change in weight of the control and the experimental. Administration of Artesunate to rats produced moderate to severe glomerular degeneration, focal haemorrhage, oedema, congested blood vessels, cloudy swelling of the tubules, necrosis of the tubule both in cortex and medulla. These findings were observed to be dose dependent. Artesunate may have acted as toxin to the neurons, affecting their structural integrity. It is therefore recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating this findings be carried out

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2012

Aims: To determine menstrual pattern and disorder associated with it among female medical students.

Aims: To determine menstrual pattern and disorder associated with it among female medical student... more Aims: To determine menstrual pattern and disorder associated with it among female medical students. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria between February – September 2010. Methodology: Self descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 169 Medical students (MBBS II-V) between the ages 19-46 years. Respondents were selected from each class using stratified random sampling method. Stratification was done according to their class. Questionnaires were designed and administered to the respondents to complete. Three researchers and two research assistances were on site to assist. Students were briefed on the objective of the study and duly completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Subjects who had primary amenorrhea and/or history of abdominal or pelvic surgery were not eligible for the study. The questionnaire included data such as; age of menarche, menstrual patt...

Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae), with local name such as “alkama tuturuwa” (Hausa) and ‘ufu’ opi... more Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae), with local name such as “alkama tuturuwa” (Hausa) and ‘ufu’ opioku’ (Igede), is a soup spice, a constituent of animal feeds, and in used in traditional herbal management of a wide range of diseases. The study was carried out to investigate the traditional claim of its efficacy in the management of acidity disorders. The leaves of A. conyzoides, obtained from the open market in Jos, was authenticated and extracted in ethanol. The plant was administered to albino wistar rats weighing between 230g to 300g, and in the presence of histamine and cimetidine. Results show a dose dependent decrease in acidity with the administration of A. conyzoides (0.2ml and 0.5ml respectively of 250mg/ml stock). Further tests with histamine and cimetidine suggest a histamine receptor-mediated-like effect. It is concluded that A. conyziodes dose dependently decrease gastric acid secretion, and the mechanism is by histamine receptor mediation.

Objectives: The modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, antioxidants, and tissue necros... more Objectives: The modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, antioxidants, and tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) using ethanol stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii H. was evaluated in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer albino rat model. Methods: Thirty albino rats of either sex (200–250 g) were starved for 48 h but were allowed drinking water with 8% sucrose to avoid dehydration. The rats were placed on wire gauze above the base of the cage to prevent coprophagy. At the end of the fasting period, the rats were equally divided and assigned to six treatment groups. Group A served as control and 5 ml/kg distilled water was orally administered to the rats without further treatment. Rats in group B were given 5 ml/kg distilled water and served as negative control. Rats in groups C, D, and E were pretreated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the ethanol stem bark extract of B. dalzielii H, respectively. Group F received 50 mg/kg ranitidine. After 1 h, all the rats in groups B–F wer...

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

The effect of oral administration of Artesunate on the histology of the Kidney of Albino Rat was ... more The effect of oral administration of Artesunate on the histology of the Kidney of Albino Rat was determined histologically. Thirty Albino rats weighing 80-175g were divided into five groups (A-E) of five rats each. Group A (control) was give equal volume of distilled water daily. Group B received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 5 days and were sacrificed on the 6th day. Group C were given 4mg/kg of Artesunate for the 1 st day, then 3mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 8 days and sacrificed on the 10 th day. Group D received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for the 1 st day, then 3mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 12 days and sacrificed on the 14 th day. Group E served as recovery group which received equal treatment as group D above and were left for 10 days later on vital feed and water and were sacrificed on the 23 rd day. The route of administration was orally by the use of the orogastric tube. The kidneys were removed and transferred immediately into 10% formalin. There were no marked differences between the change in weight of the control and the experimental. Administration of Artesunate to rats produced moderate to severe glomerular degeneration, focal haemorrhage, oedema, congested blood vessels, cloudy swelling of the tubules, necrosis of the tubule both in cortex and medulla. These findings were observed to be dose dependent. Artesunate may have acted as toxin to the neurons, affecting their structural integrity. It is therefore recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating this findings be carried out

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

Many a times, both anatomist and morbid anatomist have been called upon to use physical features ... more Many a times, both anatomist and morbid anatomist have been called upon to use physical features of organs of human body to determine the sex of an individual. This study was conducted to determine the variations in the morphology of an adult human cadaveric liver in Nigeria. Collections of adult human livers 62 (38 male and 24 female) of > 25 years of age was carried out for a period 3 years between March, 2008 and February, 2010 at the gross anatomy laboratories of University of Maiduguri and Abuja. The data were analyzed using percentage and two ways Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) methods. The studied samples were all found to be darkish-brown, wedged shaped, and firm and friable. The commonest mean weight for male was 1516±0.1g greater than that of female 1333±0.1g. The male mean length was 26.4±0.1cm; width, 15.7±0.2cm; and thickness, 6.0±0.2cm being greater than that of female length, 25.4±0.2 cm; width, 15.0±0.1cm and thickness, 5.5±0.2cm respectively. There was no sex significant variations, P>0.05 in all the studied parameters. This study may be useful in sex determination, studying, research and surgical purposes; and also as diagnostic stools during forensic investigations. However, physiological, pathological, genetic and environmental factors may be responsible for the differences in the weight in both sexes and populations, and require further evaluation.

Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of K... more This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Kohautia grandiflora on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. A total of 20 albino rats of the Wister strain weighing 120-180 g were used for the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5-rats each [I-IV]. Groups I, II and III served as the normal, paracetamol and plant extract controls and were administered with normal saline, 500 mg/kg of paracetamol and 300 mg/kg of the plant extract respectively for 7 days while rats in group IV served as the treatment group and were pre-treated with 300 mg/kg of the plant extract respectively for 7 days before 500 mg/kg of paracetamol was administered on the 8th day. At the end of the experimental period, blood was obtained from each rat for the determination of serum levels of aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine transaminase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], albumin and bilirubin. Biochemical analysis of the serum obtained showed a...

Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 2010

The effect of Psidium guajava extract on erythromycin-induced liver damage in albino rats was inv... more The effect of Psidium guajava extract on erythromycin-induced liver damage in albino rats was investigated using 30 normal rats grouped into six. Group I and II served as the normal and treatment controls that were administered with normal saline and 100mg/kg body weight of erythromycin stearate daily for 14 days respectively. Rats in group III were administered 450mg/kg body weight of Psidium guajava only for 7 days while rats in groups IV, V and VI were administered Psidium guajava extract for 7 days and 100mg/kg body weight of erythromycin for 14 days. Histopathological investigation of the liver tissues revealed striking oedema and mild periportal mononuclear cell infiltration of hepatic cords in the liver of rats administered 100 mg/kg of erythromycin stearate and 300/450 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract. Pretreatment with 150 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract showed a slight degree of protection against the induced hepatic injury caused by 100 mg/kg of erythromycin stearate. Biochemical analysis of the serum obtained revealed a significant increase in serum levels of hepatic enzymes measured in the groups administered with 100 mg/kg of erythromycin stearate and 300/450 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract compared to the control groups and those pretreated with 150 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract. This study has shown that the aqueous extract of psidium guajava leaf possesses hepatoprotective property at lower dose and a hepatotoxic property at higher dose but further studies with prolonged duration is recommended.

Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, Sep 30, 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of K... more This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Kohautia grandiflora on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. A total of 20 albino rats of the Wister strain weighing 120-180g were used for the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5-rats each (I-IV). Groups I, II and III served as the normal, paracetamol and plant extract controls and were administered with normal saline, 500mgkg-1 of paracetamol and 300mg/kg of the plant extract respectively for 7 days while rats in group IV served as the treatment group and were pre-treated with 300mg/kg of the plant extract respectively for 7 days before 500mg/kg of paracetamol was administered on the 8 th day. At the end of the experimental period, blood was obtained from each rat for the determination of serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and bilirubin. Biochemical analysis of the serum obtained showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and Albumin in rats administered with 500mg/kg of paracetamol and 300mg/kg of the extract respectively. Pre-treatment of the animals with the extract caused a decrease in the levels of these enzymes. Histopathological assessments of the liver sections of rats administered with 500mg/kg of paracetamol and 300mg/kg of the extract showed congestion of the venous sinusoids, necrosis, edema, mononuclear infiltration and cloudy swellings with the severity higher in the paracetamol treated group. Pre-treatment with 300mg/kg of the extract revealed a slight hepatoprotection compared with the rats that were administered with paracetamol alone. This study has shown that the aqueous extract of Kohautia grandiflora possesses slight hepatoprotective property.

Eurasian journal of medicine and oncology, 2018

Objectives: The modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, antioxidants, and tissue necros... more Objectives: The modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, antioxidants, and tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) using ethanol stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii H. was evaluated in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer albino rat model. Methods: Thirty albino rats of either sex (200-250 g) were starved for 48 h but were allowed drinking water with 8% sucrose to avoid dehydration. The rats were placed on wire gauze above the base of the cage to prevent coprophagy. At the end of the fasting period, the rats were equally divided and assigned to six treatment groups. Group A served as control and 5 ml/kg distilled water was orally administered to the rats without further treatment. Rats in group B were given 5 ml/kg distilled water and served as negative control. Rats in groups C, D, and E were pretreated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the ethanol stem bark extract of B. dalzielii H, respectively. Group F received 50 mg/kg ranitidine. After 1 h, all the rats in groups B-F were each given absolute ethanol 1 ml/200 g body weight of rat. All treatments were by intragastric lavage. One hour after the treatment with ethanol, all the rats in the experiment (groups A-F) were euthanized with an overdose of anesthetic ether and their stomachs were excised. The stomachs were cut along the greater curvature and washed in warm normal saline. Each stomach was stretched out and pinned on board. Results: The results of the study revealed that pretreatment with ethanol stem bark extract of B. dalzielii H. decreased gross and histological gastric mucosal damage caused by intragastric administration of absolute ethanol in a dosedependent manner when compared with controls. The gastric ulcer index and gastric tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and TNF-α were significantly reduced (p<0.001), whereas the gastric tissue level of superoxide dismutase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was significantly increased (p<0.001) when compared with the controls. Conclusion: The plant extract attenuated gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol via upregulation in the expression of gastric tissue VEGF, reinforcement of the antioxidant system, and reduction in the gastric tissue level of MDA and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.

Bollettino chimico farmaceutico

The effect of the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis seem on the central nervous system of r... more The effect of the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis seem on the central nervous system of rats and mice was investigated. The extract was tested on spontaneous motor activity, exploratory behaviour, apomorphine induced climbing behaviour in mice and pentobarbital induced hypnosis in rats. The extract caused considerable reductions of exploratory activity, spontaneous motor activity and prolonged pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis in rats. It was also found to attenuate apomorphine climbing in mice. The results suggest that the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis may contain principles that have sedative properties.

Highland Medical Research Journal, 2007

The effect of Age, Weight, as determined by BMI and Nutritional Status, as determined by blood ha... more The effect of Age, Weight, as determined by BMI and Nutritional Status, as determined by blood haemoglobin concentration, on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in healthy volunteer medical students was determined in this study. The study involved twenty-seven healthy male medical students and seventeen healthy female medical students. All students were well oriented on the modality of the study. Results showed that Age, BMI, b have significant effect (p<0.0001) on PEFR in both groups. The study showed that there is significant association between age, BMI and nutritional status with PEFR among healthy volunteer medical students.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2019

This study is to investigate the effect of gasoline vapour exposure on haematological indices in ... more This study is to investigate the effect of gasoline vapour exposure on haematological indices in wistar albino rats under simulated work place exposure.

Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 2010

ABSTRACT

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

The effect of oral administration of Artesunate on the histology of the Kidney of Albino Rat was ... more The effect of oral administration of Artesunate on the histology of the Kidney of Albino Rat was determined histologically. Thirty Albino rats weighing 80-175g were divided into five groups (A-E) of five rats each. Group A (control) was give equal volume of distilled water daily. Group B received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 5 days and were sacrificed on the 6th day. Group C were given 4mg/kg of Artesunate for the 1 st day, then 3mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 8 days and sacrificed on the 10 th day. Group D received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for the 1 st day, then 3mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 12 days and sacrificed on the 14 th day. Group E served as recovery group which received equal treatment as group D above and were left for 10 days later on vital feed and water and were sacrificed on the 23 rd day. The route of administration was orally by the use of the orogastric tube. The kidneys were removed and transferred immediately into 10% formalin. There were no marked differences between the change in weight of the control and the experimental. Administration of Artesunate to rats produced moderate to severe glomerular degeneration, focal haemorrhage, oedema, congested blood vessels, cloudy swelling of the tubules, necrosis of the tubule both in cortex and medulla. These findings were observed to be dose dependent. Artesunate may have acted as toxin to the neurons, affecting their structural integrity. It is therefore recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating this findings be carried out

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2012

Aims: To determine menstrual pattern and disorder associated with it among female medical students.

Aims: To determine menstrual pattern and disorder associated with it among female medical student... more Aims: To determine menstrual pattern and disorder associated with it among female medical students. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria between February – September 2010. Methodology: Self descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 169 Medical students (MBBS II-V) between the ages 19-46 years. Respondents were selected from each class using stratified random sampling method. Stratification was done according to their class. Questionnaires were designed and administered to the respondents to complete. Three researchers and two research assistances were on site to assist. Students were briefed on the objective of the study and duly completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Subjects who had primary amenorrhea and/or history of abdominal or pelvic surgery were not eligible for the study. The questionnaire included data such as; age of menarche, menstrual patt...

Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae), with local name such as “alkama tuturuwa” (Hausa) and ‘ufu’ opi... more Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae), with local name such as “alkama tuturuwa” (Hausa) and ‘ufu’ opioku’ (Igede), is a soup spice, a constituent of animal feeds, and in used in traditional herbal management of a wide range of diseases. The study was carried out to investigate the traditional claim of its efficacy in the management of acidity disorders. The leaves of A. conyzoides, obtained from the open market in Jos, was authenticated and extracted in ethanol. The plant was administered to albino wistar rats weighing between 230g to 300g, and in the presence of histamine and cimetidine. Results show a dose dependent decrease in acidity with the administration of A. conyzoides (0.2ml and 0.5ml respectively of 250mg/ml stock). Further tests with histamine and cimetidine suggest a histamine receptor-mediated-like effect. It is concluded that A. conyziodes dose dependently decrease gastric acid secretion, and the mechanism is by histamine receptor mediation.

Objectives: The modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, antioxidants, and tissue necros... more Objectives: The modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, antioxidants, and tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) using ethanol stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii H. was evaluated in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer albino rat model. Methods: Thirty albino rats of either sex (200–250 g) were starved for 48 h but were allowed drinking water with 8% sucrose to avoid dehydration. The rats were placed on wire gauze above the base of the cage to prevent coprophagy. At the end of the fasting period, the rats were equally divided and assigned to six treatment groups. Group A served as control and 5 ml/kg distilled water was orally administered to the rats without further treatment. Rats in group B were given 5 ml/kg distilled water and served as negative control. Rats in groups C, D, and E were pretreated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the ethanol stem bark extract of B. dalzielii H, respectively. Group F received 50 mg/kg ranitidine. After 1 h, all the rats in groups B–F wer...

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

The effect of oral administration of Artesunate on the histology of the Kidney of Albino Rat was ... more The effect of oral administration of Artesunate on the histology of the Kidney of Albino Rat was determined histologically. Thirty Albino rats weighing 80-175g were divided into five groups (A-E) of five rats each. Group A (control) was give equal volume of distilled water daily. Group B received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 5 days and were sacrificed on the 6th day. Group C were given 4mg/kg of Artesunate for the 1 st day, then 3mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 8 days and sacrificed on the 10 th day. Group D received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for the 1 st day, then 3mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 12 days and sacrificed on the 14 th day. Group E served as recovery group which received equal treatment as group D above and were left for 10 days later on vital feed and water and were sacrificed on the 23 rd day. The route of administration was orally by the use of the orogastric tube. The kidneys were removed and transferred immediately into 10% formalin. There were no marked differences between the change in weight of the control and the experimental. Administration of Artesunate to rats produced moderate to severe glomerular degeneration, focal haemorrhage, oedema, congested blood vessels, cloudy swelling of the tubules, necrosis of the tubule both in cortex and medulla. These findings were observed to be dose dependent. Artesunate may have acted as toxin to the neurons, affecting their structural integrity. It is therefore recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating this findings be carried out

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

Many a times, both anatomist and morbid anatomist have been called upon to use physical features ... more Many a times, both anatomist and morbid anatomist have been called upon to use physical features of organs of human body to determine the sex of an individual. This study was conducted to determine the variations in the morphology of an adult human cadaveric liver in Nigeria. Collections of adult human livers 62 (38 male and 24 female) of > 25 years of age was carried out for a period 3 years between March, 2008 and February, 2010 at the gross anatomy laboratories of University of Maiduguri and Abuja. The data were analyzed using percentage and two ways Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) methods. The studied samples were all found to be darkish-brown, wedged shaped, and firm and friable. The commonest mean weight for male was 1516±0.1g greater than that of female 1333±0.1g. The male mean length was 26.4±0.1cm; width, 15.7±0.2cm; and thickness, 6.0±0.2cm being greater than that of female length, 25.4±0.2 cm; width, 15.0±0.1cm and thickness, 5.5±0.2cm respectively. There was no sex significant variations, P>0.05 in all the studied parameters. This study may be useful in sex determination, studying, research and surgical purposes; and also as diagnostic stools during forensic investigations. However, physiological, pathological, genetic and environmental factors may be responsible for the differences in the weight in both sexes and populations, and require further evaluation.

Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of K... more This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Kohautia grandiflora on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. A total of 20 albino rats of the Wister strain weighing 120-180 g were used for the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5-rats each [I-IV]. Groups I, II and III served as the normal, paracetamol and plant extract controls and were administered with normal saline, 500 mg/kg of paracetamol and 300 mg/kg of the plant extract respectively for 7 days while rats in group IV served as the treatment group and were pre-treated with 300 mg/kg of the plant extract respectively for 7 days before 500 mg/kg of paracetamol was administered on the 8th day. At the end of the experimental period, blood was obtained from each rat for the determination of serum levels of aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine transaminase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], albumin and bilirubin. Biochemical analysis of the serum obtained showed a...

Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 2010

The effect of Psidium guajava extract on erythromycin-induced liver damage in albino rats was inv... more The effect of Psidium guajava extract on erythromycin-induced liver damage in albino rats was investigated using 30 normal rats grouped into six. Group I and II served as the normal and treatment controls that were administered with normal saline and 100mg/kg body weight of erythromycin stearate daily for 14 days respectively. Rats in group III were administered 450mg/kg body weight of Psidium guajava only for 7 days while rats in groups IV, V and VI were administered Psidium guajava extract for 7 days and 100mg/kg body weight of erythromycin for 14 days. Histopathological investigation of the liver tissues revealed striking oedema and mild periportal mononuclear cell infiltration of hepatic cords in the liver of rats administered 100 mg/kg of erythromycin stearate and 300/450 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract. Pretreatment with 150 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract showed a slight degree of protection against the induced hepatic injury caused by 100 mg/kg of erythromycin stearate. Biochemical analysis of the serum obtained revealed a significant increase in serum levels of hepatic enzymes measured in the groups administered with 100 mg/kg of erythromycin stearate and 300/450 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract compared to the control groups and those pretreated with 150 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract. This study has shown that the aqueous extract of psidium guajava leaf possesses hepatoprotective property at lower dose and a hepatotoxic property at higher dose but further studies with prolonged duration is recommended.

Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, Sep 30, 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of K... more This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Kohautia grandiflora on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. A total of 20 albino rats of the Wister strain weighing 120-180g were used for the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5-rats each (I-IV). Groups I, II and III served as the normal, paracetamol and plant extract controls and were administered with normal saline, 500mgkg-1 of paracetamol and 300mg/kg of the plant extract respectively for 7 days while rats in group IV served as the treatment group and were pre-treated with 300mg/kg of the plant extract respectively for 7 days before 500mg/kg of paracetamol was administered on the 8 th day. At the end of the experimental period, blood was obtained from each rat for the determination of serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and bilirubin. Biochemical analysis of the serum obtained showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and Albumin in rats administered with 500mg/kg of paracetamol and 300mg/kg of the extract respectively. Pre-treatment of the animals with the extract caused a decrease in the levels of these enzymes. Histopathological assessments of the liver sections of rats administered with 500mg/kg of paracetamol and 300mg/kg of the extract showed congestion of the venous sinusoids, necrosis, edema, mononuclear infiltration and cloudy swellings with the severity higher in the paracetamol treated group. Pre-treatment with 300mg/kg of the extract revealed a slight hepatoprotection compared with the rats that were administered with paracetamol alone. This study has shown that the aqueous extract of Kohautia grandiflora possesses slight hepatoprotective property.