SANI USMAN UMAR | Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Papers by SANI USMAN UMAR
Journal of Environmental Issues and Climate Change
Floods occur as a consequence of overflowing water over a large area of land that is which is bey... more Floods occur as a consequence of overflowing water over a large area of land that is which is beyond the soils ability to absorbed the water at the receiving rate. In this study, rainfall, slope, soil type, land cover, and drainage network were analyzed as causative factors of flooding. Furthermore, Landsat satellite images was used to assess land use and land cover (LULC). Flood vulnerable areas are were analyzed using the multicriteria evaluation process (MCE). A flood vulnerable areas map was generated after overlaying the maps of the major parameters responsible for flooding in GIS environment. The results show that the vulnerable areas are not confined in one area alone, however, the southmost part, the upper north and some part of the central accounting for about 25% are very vulnerable and high to flooding thanks to accumulations of multiple factors. Similarly, the result indicated that 53 %, 19% and 3% of the area were characterized as moderate, low and very vulnerable area...
International Journal Of Science for Global Sustainability, 2020
The research assessed the risk posed by soil salinisation processes in the irrigated fields of Ji... more The research assessed the risk posed by soil salinisation processes in the irrigated fields of Jibia irrigation project located at about 46 km in the northwestern part of Katsina the capital city of the state. Descriptive method was applied in discussion of the results obtained. Soil samples were collected from10 most affected sites from the surface layer to 15cm (0-15cm) depth for Electrical Conductance measurement and soil textural analysis for determining soil salinisation in the irrigated fields. The ECe result obtained revealed that all the soil samples from the respective sampling sites have a range of ECe (dS/m) not less than 4 dS/m and are characterised as slightly saline. Sampling sites with ECe dS/m more than 9 ds/m are characterised as moderately saline. Other sampling sites with a range of ECe (dS/m) of more than 18 dS/m are characterised as highly saline. The textural analysis of the soil samples revealed that the greater part of the study area is dominated by Loamy sand and Sandy loam soils enhancing rate of soluble substances movement to deeper layers resulting in concentration of salt in the root zone. The progression increment of salinisation formation in the irrigated fields have turns some farmlands unproductive preoccupied by salt tolerant species. This has resulted to high decline rate of yield production capacity subjugating the aim of the project in boosting food agricultural production. To overcome the menace of soil salinisation problem in the irrigated fields to reclaim the abandoned farmlands there is need for application of gypsum regarded as the best remediation method and also through the use of halophyte species for agriculture.
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jan 24, 2018
Large cities are characterized by concentration of large number of people and centralization of c... more Large cities are characterized by concentration of large number of people and centralization of commercial activities around their cores. These and consequently, emission of large amount of carbon dioxide (CO study aims to estimate the average amount of CO Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. The rela average density on the city's roads, estimating CO automobiles and examining the situation against CO Federal Government of Nigeria to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Short period traffic count at various traffic corridors of the city was used to determine automobiles' average density per hour and United States Environmental Protection Agency method was used in estimating CO following emissions in metric tonnes per hour; 15.75 from cars and buses, 6.08 from tricycles and 0.56 from lorries. These give a combined hourly emission of 22.39 tonnes. CO measures identified are expansion of roads and construction of flyovers to decongest traffic. It is recommended that efficient public urban mass transit that involves low carbon emission should be provided and individual car usage should be discouraged
Rainfall data for 35 years (1974-2008) for Kafanchan located within latitude 9o 3ʹN and longitude... more Rainfall data for 35 years (1974-2008) for Kafanchan located within latitude 9o 3ʹN and longitude 8o 17ʹ E were used in this analysis in order to detect the recent trends in the rainfall regime of the area. The calculated Relative Seasonality Index for the area revealed that rainfall regime is markedly seasonal with a long drier season. In order to identify trends, the rainfall series was divided into 10-year overlapping sub-periods 1974-1983, 1979-1988 through 1999-2008 and the Cramer's test was then used to compare the means of the sub-period with the mean of the whole record period. The results of the test revealed that the sub-period 1974-1983 and 1999-2008 for the months of June and October respectively were significantly drier. The results of the Standardized Anomaly Index revealed that rainfall yield is declining in the study area. The 5-year running mean shows that the declining yield of the annual rainfall started from 1990 to date. The results of the linear trend lines...
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2018
No Abstract Keywords: CO 2 abatement, automobile density, climate change, global warming, greenho... more No Abstract Keywords: CO 2 abatement, automobile density, climate change, global warming, greenhouse gases
Books by SANI USMAN UMAR
Integrated Environmental Management Issues, 2022
Climate change which entails increases in global average temperatures and rainfall variability am... more Climate change which entails increases in global average temperatures and rainfall variability among others, has direct and indirect impacts on food security. Environmental, political, economic and socio-demographic conditions of northeast and northwest zones of Nigeria make them the most vulnerable region to many of the impacts of climate change. This study aims to highlight the effects of climate change on food security in the northeast and northwest zones of Nigeria. The related objectives are to evaluate the ways climate change adversely affects the pillars of food security; food availability, access, utilisation and stability. Secondary data involving journal articles, books and reports were used in producing this review work. The review shows that climate change impedes food availability through reduction of crop yield, livestock and soil productivity and increase in extreme weather events and climate change-related conflicts. Food access is being hampered through climate change-induced increases in food prices, reduction in access to food markets and production centres. Food utility is being reduced through climate change-induced reduction in nutrients content of crops and increase in diseases. Stability in food supply is being limited by climate change-induced food price hikes, conflicts and increasing rainfall variability. As such, only a holistic approach, that will tackle the problem within the context of a myriad of factors responsible for it, can prove effectual in salvaging the situation. It is recommended that for food security to be enhanced, security and socio-economic condition of the people should be improved and climate-smart agriculture should be pursued in the study area.
Journal of Environmental Issues and Climate Change
Floods occur as a consequence of overflowing water over a large area of land that is which is bey... more Floods occur as a consequence of overflowing water over a large area of land that is which is beyond the soils ability to absorbed the water at the receiving rate. In this study, rainfall, slope, soil type, land cover, and drainage network were analyzed as causative factors of flooding. Furthermore, Landsat satellite images was used to assess land use and land cover (LULC). Flood vulnerable areas are were analyzed using the multicriteria evaluation process (MCE). A flood vulnerable areas map was generated after overlaying the maps of the major parameters responsible for flooding in GIS environment. The results show that the vulnerable areas are not confined in one area alone, however, the southmost part, the upper north and some part of the central accounting for about 25% are very vulnerable and high to flooding thanks to accumulations of multiple factors. Similarly, the result indicated that 53 %, 19% and 3% of the area were characterized as moderate, low and very vulnerable area...
International Journal Of Science for Global Sustainability, 2020
The research assessed the risk posed by soil salinisation processes in the irrigated fields of Ji... more The research assessed the risk posed by soil salinisation processes in the irrigated fields of Jibia irrigation project located at about 46 km in the northwestern part of Katsina the capital city of the state. Descriptive method was applied in discussion of the results obtained. Soil samples were collected from10 most affected sites from the surface layer to 15cm (0-15cm) depth for Electrical Conductance measurement and soil textural analysis for determining soil salinisation in the irrigated fields. The ECe result obtained revealed that all the soil samples from the respective sampling sites have a range of ECe (dS/m) not less than 4 dS/m and are characterised as slightly saline. Sampling sites with ECe dS/m more than 9 ds/m are characterised as moderately saline. Other sampling sites with a range of ECe (dS/m) of more than 18 dS/m are characterised as highly saline. The textural analysis of the soil samples revealed that the greater part of the study area is dominated by Loamy sand and Sandy loam soils enhancing rate of soluble substances movement to deeper layers resulting in concentration of salt in the root zone. The progression increment of salinisation formation in the irrigated fields have turns some farmlands unproductive preoccupied by salt tolerant species. This has resulted to high decline rate of yield production capacity subjugating the aim of the project in boosting food agricultural production. To overcome the menace of soil salinisation problem in the irrigated fields to reclaim the abandoned farmlands there is need for application of gypsum regarded as the best remediation method and also through the use of halophyte species for agriculture.
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jan 24, 2018
Large cities are characterized by concentration of large number of people and centralization of c... more Large cities are characterized by concentration of large number of people and centralization of commercial activities around their cores. These and consequently, emission of large amount of carbon dioxide (CO study aims to estimate the average amount of CO Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. The rela average density on the city's roads, estimating CO automobiles and examining the situation against CO Federal Government of Nigeria to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Short period traffic count at various traffic corridors of the city was used to determine automobiles' average density per hour and United States Environmental Protection Agency method was used in estimating CO following emissions in metric tonnes per hour; 15.75 from cars and buses, 6.08 from tricycles and 0.56 from lorries. These give a combined hourly emission of 22.39 tonnes. CO measures identified are expansion of roads and construction of flyovers to decongest traffic. It is recommended that efficient public urban mass transit that involves low carbon emission should be provided and individual car usage should be discouraged
Rainfall data for 35 years (1974-2008) for Kafanchan located within latitude 9o 3ʹN and longitude... more Rainfall data for 35 years (1974-2008) for Kafanchan located within latitude 9o 3ʹN and longitude 8o 17ʹ E were used in this analysis in order to detect the recent trends in the rainfall regime of the area. The calculated Relative Seasonality Index for the area revealed that rainfall regime is markedly seasonal with a long drier season. In order to identify trends, the rainfall series was divided into 10-year overlapping sub-periods 1974-1983, 1979-1988 through 1999-2008 and the Cramer's test was then used to compare the means of the sub-period with the mean of the whole record period. The results of the test revealed that the sub-period 1974-1983 and 1999-2008 for the months of June and October respectively were significantly drier. The results of the Standardized Anomaly Index revealed that rainfall yield is declining in the study area. The 5-year running mean shows that the declining yield of the annual rainfall started from 1990 to date. The results of the linear trend lines...
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2018
No Abstract Keywords: CO 2 abatement, automobile density, climate change, global warming, greenho... more No Abstract Keywords: CO 2 abatement, automobile density, climate change, global warming, greenhouse gases
Integrated Environmental Management Issues, 2022
Climate change which entails increases in global average temperatures and rainfall variability am... more Climate change which entails increases in global average temperatures and rainfall variability among others, has direct and indirect impacts on food security. Environmental, political, economic and socio-demographic conditions of northeast and northwest zones of Nigeria make them the most vulnerable region to many of the impacts of climate change. This study aims to highlight the effects of climate change on food security in the northeast and northwest zones of Nigeria. The related objectives are to evaluate the ways climate change adversely affects the pillars of food security; food availability, access, utilisation and stability. Secondary data involving journal articles, books and reports were used in producing this review work. The review shows that climate change impedes food availability through reduction of crop yield, livestock and soil productivity and increase in extreme weather events and climate change-related conflicts. Food access is being hampered through climate change-induced increases in food prices, reduction in access to food markets and production centres. Food utility is being reduced through climate change-induced reduction in nutrients content of crops and increase in diseases. Stability in food supply is being limited by climate change-induced food price hikes, conflicts and increasing rainfall variability. As such, only a holistic approach, that will tackle the problem within the context of a myriad of factors responsible for it, can prove effectual in salvaging the situation. It is recommended that for food security to be enhanced, security and socio-economic condition of the people should be improved and climate-smart agriculture should be pursued in the study area.