Godwill G . Jidauna | Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, (original) (raw)
Papers by Godwill G . Jidauna
Bokkos Journal of Science Report (B- JASREP), 2023
The assessment of local perception on climate variability and domestic water use in Kurfi LGA of ... more The assessment of local perception on climate variability and domestic water use in Kurfi LGA of Katsina State. Thus, the set objectives were to assess the trend in climate conditions for the past Thirty-nine (39) years (1979-2019) in the study area; to examine the perception of the people on the effects of climate variability on domestic water use; to examine the sources, uses and water management, conservation and adaptation practices in use by the locals in the study area; and to examine the relationships between the trend in climatic pattern and the different adaptation practices in the study area. Three sample locations were purposively selected for the study: Kurfi town, Birchi, and Barkiya communities respectively. The primary data were through the administration of a structured questionnaire using a purposive sampling technique. The secondary data were for rainfall and temperature records for the study area covering thirty-nine (39) years. Findings indicate that the majority of the respondents were males and between 26-30 years of age. Most are farmers, with primary education as their highest qualification. The general rainfall trend for the study area is 0.43mm/annum and the temperature trend is 0.02 O C /annum. Wells (40%) and boreholes (37%) are major sources, but are poorly (48%) reliable and of poor (76%) quality. Drums (44%) and Jerricans (35%) are used for water storage, in which it is access daily (67%) to cater for an estimated household size of ten (10) (24%) persons. Mostly, the water is bought (55%) and water conservation (45%) being the coping strategy and management techniques adopted. Adaptation strategy for domestic water usage include construction of dams (59%), water reuse (69%), and sinking of boreholes (55%) in which respondents agreed with. Seasonal variability (50%), household activities (54%), and dilapidation of water facilities were identified as the factors militating against domestic water usage. Government should provide available tankers for the distribution of water in the areas that don't have boreholes and taps, especially Birchi and Barkiya districts; Renovation of the town water treatment plant (Water-board) to increase its capacity of supplying the LGA with portable water supply were recommended.
American Journal of Environmental Protection
This study in addition to the conventional monitoring and mapping of Landuse/Landcover Changes (L... more This study in addition to the conventional monitoring and mapping of Landuse/Landcover Changes (LULCC), also has as its major objective to quantitatively analyse the spatio-temporal dynamics of these LULCC structures or patterns using five (5) quantitative indices; Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI), Landuse/Landcover (LULC) Change Intensity Index (Ti), Dynamic Index (Ki), Integrated Index (Ld), and Rate of Change (Ai). These indices critically analyse the extent, rate, as well as the magnitude of change among various LULC in the study area, which provides a basis for comparisons with other places and to better explain the nature of spatio-temporal dynamics of LULC as an Index of land degradation. The NDVI on the one hand allows analysis of these LULCC in terms of change in quantity of vegetation cover or bareness of the land surface, while the other four indices on the other hand expressed the intensity with which the land surface is subjected to human activities. The methodology of RS/GIS was used for LULC mapping and NDVI analysis using multi-temporal satellite data sets. Results showed significant dynamics amongst the various LULC in both space and time with implication of decreasing vegetation cover and increasing bare surfaces and hence land degradation processes. Forest has the highest Change Intensity Index (Ti) of 5.75% followed by Built-up 4.08%, and similarly the highest contribution rates (Ai) of 49 and 35% respectively. Built-up has the highest Dynamic Index (Ki) of 2.29% followed by Floodplain Agricultural area 1.92%. Statistical analysis using different regression models as found applicable was performed to observe the trend in LULC change patterns.
The study which adopted the survey design aimed at examining the coping strategy been adopted an... more The study which adopted the survey design aimed at examining the coping strategy been adopted and the level of intensity of water stress experience vis-à-vis domestic water use. Three Settlements in Sudano-Sahalian Region of Nigeria were selected for the study using systematic - random sampling technique. Field tools include a well structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The household crowding index was computed as ten to twenty persons per household. The perception of the local dwellers was that there is increase water scarcity and most of the responses include long distance mileage to available sources of water, multiple re-use, and multiple water sources. Results showed that the Sudano-Sahelian region of Nigeria has no significant variation in its domestic water sources using the
ANOVA statistical analysis. Therefore rain harvesting, conjunctive water uses, sinking of deeper boreholes, among others were recommended for the region.
Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, May 20, 2014
The study examined well water quality (chemical) in Jos metropolis which it collected a total of ... more The study examined well water quality (chemical) in Jos metropolis which it collected a total of twenty
water samples that were taken for laboratory analysis. The stratified systematic random method was used in the
selection of sample area/location. A total of (10) out of the existing (20) wards were systematically selected, while
in each of the wards, two wells with one each from higher and lower elevations were randomly selected in which
water samples were collected. The samples collected were analyses at UNICEF (WATSAN) Laboratory Bauchi.
USEPA method of water analysis was used to test for the chemical parameters. Pearson product moment correlation
co-efficient was used test for the relationship between high and low elevation in the sample elements, as well as
mean and standard deviation. The results indicates that pH, E.C, TDS, Pb, As and Cyanide appears within
NSDWQMPL, while NO2, Cl, F, Mn, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, CaCo3 and Cr marginally falls within acceptable standard for
drinking water quality maximum permitted limit. Consequently, NO3, SO4, Fe and CaCo3 in some parts of Jos
metropolis fall outside acceptable standard of NSDWQMPL. Moreover, pH, E.C, TDS, Pb, NO2, NO3, Cl, F, Mn,
Cr, As, Cu, Zn, showed that there is no significant relationship within the individual elements in regards to elevation
(high and low) in the study area whereas, SO4, Fe, Mg, Ca, CaCo3 and CaCo3 showed that there is significant
relationship in elevation (high and low) among the individual sample elements. The study concludes that well water
quality through chemical assessment in Jos metropolis is not fit for drinking. It recommends sensitizations campaign
on the importance of clean water, sanitation, enforcement of existing laws and more research be undertaken to cover
for seasonal variation, more elements and sample size.
The study examined well water quality (chemical) in Jos metropolis which it collected a total of ... more The study examined well water quality (chemical) in Jos metropolis which it collected a total of twenty water samples that were taken for laboratory analysis. The stratified systematic random method was used in the selection of sample area/location. A total of (10) out of the existing (20) wards were systematically selected, while in each of the wards, two wells with one each from higher and lower elevations were randomly selected in which water samples were collected. The samples collected were analyses at UNICEF (WATSAN) Laboratory Bauchi. USEPA method of water analysis was used to test for the chemical parameters. Pearson product moment correlation co-efficient was used test for the relationship between high and low elevation in the sample elements, as well as mean and standard deviation. The results indicates that pH, E.C, TDS, Pb, As and Cyanide appears within NSDWQMPL, while NO 2 , Cl, F, Mn, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, CaCo 3 and Cr marginally falls within acceptable standard for drinking water quality maximum permitted limit. Consequently, NO 3 , SO 4 , Fe and CaCo 3 in some parts of Jos metropolis fall outside acceptable standard of NSDWQMPL. Moreover, pH, E.C, TDS, Pb, NO 2 , NO 3 , Cl, F, Mn, Cr, As, Cu, Zn, showed that there is no significant relationship within the individual elements in regards to elevation (high and low) in the study area whereas, SO 4 , Fe, Mg, Ca, CaCo 3 and CaCo 3 showed that there is significant relationship in elevation (high and low) among the individual sample elements. The study concludes that well water quality through chemical assessment in Jos metropolis is not fit for drinking. It recommends sensitizations campaign on the importance of clean water, sanitation, enforcement of existing laws and more research be undertaken to cover for seasonal variation, more elements and sample size.
In this study, nonlinear differential equation of order one model of River Benue water quality co... more In this study, nonlinear differential equation of order one model of River Benue water quality control was formulated. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method was used to study the self-purification in the River Benue. The results showed that waste going down the River Benue becomes non-active to both human being and animals. We conclude that selfpurification of waste in a river is possible as the waste go down the river. It is advisable to dump waste about 300km away from human being and animal water usage.
The Sudano-Sahelian region of Nigeria like any other country in Sub-Saharan Africa is characteriz... more The Sudano-Sahelian region of Nigeria like any other country in Sub-Saharan Africa is characterize with a predominantly rural and peasant population. These are people whose primary occupation is mainly rain-fed farming (with few exceptional areas where irrigation is practiced) and animal rearing. They are the most vulnerable to the effect of climate change (climatic variability). Thus, the paper examined their views/ perception in respect of climate change. The systematic sampling technique was used in selecting the settlement (Kalalawa, Zangon Buhari, and Chingowa) which cater for the spatial spread. Both questionnaires and focus group discussions were employed as tools for the generation of information. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical technique. It was discovered that there is no significant variation in the domestic water sources in the region ((α 0.01). However, rain water ranks highest among other sources. The farmlands are owned by the farmers which is most inherited, but then, they have been witnessing decline in crop yield in the past twenty years. Partly, it has resulted in them boosting their productivity through the use of fertilizer. It was discovered that a significant relationship exist between the quantity of crop harvested and the quantity of fertilizer used, with the co-efficient of determination being 81.10% (strong relationship). While rainfall was on a decrease conversely, temperature has been on the increase. Thus, cutting down on the number of daily meals, cutting down on the rate of domestic water use, selling of lives stocks, engaging in other activities (menial jobs), migration, are among some of the adaptive measures adopted by the people.
shows that a business as usual scenario will lead to an increase in global mean temperature of ab... more shows that a business as usual scenario will lead to an increase in global mean temperature of about 1 0 C above the present value by the year 2025 and 3 0 C before the end of the next century. The debate on climate change has been generating a lot of interest at both the national, regional and international level. Often a times, more emphasis/ focus is placed on the industrialist, the politicians, bureaucrats, and the list goes on… with little and a times passive attention given to the farmer (rural /dwellers) whose cumulative actions can either directly or indirectly make such policies to succeed or fail. The Sudano-Sahelian region of Nigeria is roughly located on longitude 3 0 and 15 0 East and latitude 10 0 and 14 0 North. The zone is characterized by persistent drought, wet and dry spells , declining rainfall intensities and increasing the dry season [4 & 5] summarized all these anomalies and confirms that there has been climate change in rainfall regions in the area. The anticipated effects of climate changes on agriculture is what this study attempts to understand. The paper examines the effects of climate change on agriculture (crop production), the coping strategy been adopted and the level of its intensity. This in turn would aid the policy makers and Non-governmental Organization to articulate the plight of the local/rural dwellers in the Sudano-Sahelian region and perhaps bring succor to them. The Settlements that were chosen are Kalalawa village (Long 5.024 1 and lat 13.210 1 ) in Kware Local Government Area (LGA) of Sokoto state; Zangon Buhari (long 8.550 1 and lat 11.663 1 ) in Bunkure LGA of Kano state; and Chingowa (long 12.888 1 and lat 12.537 1 ) in Magumeri LGA of Borno state. Tools used for the generation of field data were questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD), descriptive and inferential statistical technique were employed in the analysis of the data. The findings reveal that millet, sorghum, and beans appear to be the staple food crop, which significantly vary within the region. Most of the farm plots are owned by the farmers. Rainfall both in terms of intensity and duration has been on a decline, while temperature conditions have been on the increased. Among some the effects are decline in crop yield which has attracted the application of fertilizer, drying of water sources, abandoning of farmlands, and migration. The recommendations are improve farming systems/practices, planting of trees, sinking of boreholes/ water facilities, Government assistance, and prayers to God are the only way forward.
Runoffs from metal roof sheets (aged and New) in Otukpo LGA of Benue State, to carter in Nigeria ... more Runoffs from metal roof sheets (aged and New) in Otukpo LGA of Benue State, to carter in Nigeria were analyzed to determine the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). All the runoff samples though varying in time and space contain heavy metals concentrations. The results ranged from 0.003-0.009, μg/L, 0.165-0.291μg/L, 2.000-2.987 μg/L, 0.091-0.199 μg/L, 0.101-0.187 μg/L, 0.011-0.035 μg/L and 2.733-3.892 μg/L for Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in aged roof metal sheets, while in the new roof metal sheets, the values are 0.002-0.008 μg/L, 0.071-0.191 μg/L, 1.010-1.994 μg/L, 0.073-0.995 μg/L, 0.076-0.111 μg/L, 0.012-0.036 μg/L, and 1.875-2.941 μg/L respectively. There were significant difference (P<0.05) between run off from aged and new roof metal sheets. The mean concentration of Fe, Cu, Ni and Zn of aged metal roof sheet were higher than the mean concentration of new metal roof sheets. All the metals determined except Fe have mean concentration lower than the recommended standard by WHO, CPA and FAO. The variations in mean concentration between aged and new metal roof sheets in this study, suggest anthropogenic inputs of these metals.
The study which examined well water quality in Jos metropolis generated a total of twenty water s... more The study which examined well water quality in Jos metropolis generated a total of twenty water samples that were taken for laboratory analysis. The stratified systematic random method was used in the selection of sample area/location. A total of ten out of the existing twenty were systematically selected, while in each of the wards, two wells with one each from higher and lower elevations were randomly selected in which water samples were collected. The simple percentage and ANOVA test were carried out. The findings reveals a significant variation in well water quality parameters, 80% of the wells are situated close to source of contaminants and 90% are not lined with concrete which may be responsible for the biological contamination of the wells. Faecal coliform exist at 90% (not suitable for drinking), and the chemical parameters (80%) are within the national standard for drinking water quality set by SON. The wells in the study area are shallow wells, therefore, it is recommended that well water in the study area should be treated before drinking, enforcement of sanitary laws, and further research should be undertaken vis-à-vis increase the scale/area of study and consideration of more chemical parameters.
This study was aimed at monitoring, mapping and characterisation of floodplain encroachment patte... more This study was aimed at monitoring, mapping and characterisation of floodplain encroachment patterns on the River Kaduna floodplain in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria,as part of the approach to flood hazard evaluation, flood risk assessment and effective flood and floodplain management. A Topomap of 1967 was used to extract the base built-up layer, while Landsat. TM, 1987, Spot.XS, 1995, Landsat.ETM, 2001 and Quickbird, 2006 were used to generate other built-up layers, which were extracted by digitization and converted to polygon shape files and later used for overlay analysis. A Digital Elevation Map (DEM) of the area was used for delineation of floodplain boundary. ArcGIS sorfware 9.0 operational tools was highly robust and flexible for mapping and analysis of urban growth patterns and characterisation of floodplain encroachment by communities. From the results, it was observed that the highest extents and rates of encroachment are recorded by communities in the proximity of the Central Business District (CBD) such as T/Wada, Ung. Rimi, Barnawa, Doka and the industrial layouts of Kakuri and Kudenda. These areas are the centers of highest socio-economic infrastructure which implies greater flood risk and damage potential in the event of flooding. Results also showed that about 52.83% of the urban segment of the River Kaduna total floodplain area of 48.55km 2 , has been encroached by built-up. As a result of this pattern of encroachment, strong institutional framework and investment towards effective floodplain management is recommended.
This study evaluates the extent and degree of severity of droughts in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecologi... more This study evaluates the extent and degree of severity of droughts in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria using rainfall data spanning a period of 60 years for eight meteorological stations in the zone. The Normalized Rainfall Index was used in depicting periods of different drought intensities in the region. The results revealed that the zone was characterized by larger extent of severe drought since the beginning of 1968 through the early 1970s, and then the 1980s in which the drought was so severe than any other decade in the study period. The late 1990s and the 2000s on the other hand have been witnessing a decrease in the number of drought occurrences in the zone. The mean absolute probability of mild, moderate and severe droughts for the zone was 0.13 (recurrence interval of 7.7 years), 0.11 (recurrence interval of 9.1 years), and 0.08 (recurrence interval of 12.5 years) respectively.
Bokkos Journal of Science Report (B- JASREP), 2023
The assessment of local perception on climate variability and domestic water use in Kurfi LGA of ... more The assessment of local perception on climate variability and domestic water use in Kurfi LGA of Katsina State. Thus, the set objectives were to assess the trend in climate conditions for the past Thirty-nine (39) years (1979-2019) in the study area; to examine the perception of the people on the effects of climate variability on domestic water use; to examine the sources, uses and water management, conservation and adaptation practices in use by the locals in the study area; and to examine the relationships between the trend in climatic pattern and the different adaptation practices in the study area. Three sample locations were purposively selected for the study: Kurfi town, Birchi, and Barkiya communities respectively. The primary data were through the administration of a structured questionnaire using a purposive sampling technique. The secondary data were for rainfall and temperature records for the study area covering thirty-nine (39) years. Findings indicate that the majority of the respondents were males and between 26-30 years of age. Most are farmers, with primary education as their highest qualification. The general rainfall trend for the study area is 0.43mm/annum and the temperature trend is 0.02 O C /annum. Wells (40%) and boreholes (37%) are major sources, but are poorly (48%) reliable and of poor (76%) quality. Drums (44%) and Jerricans (35%) are used for water storage, in which it is access daily (67%) to cater for an estimated household size of ten (10) (24%) persons. Mostly, the water is bought (55%) and water conservation (45%) being the coping strategy and management techniques adopted. Adaptation strategy for domestic water usage include construction of dams (59%), water reuse (69%), and sinking of boreholes (55%) in which respondents agreed with. Seasonal variability (50%), household activities (54%), and dilapidation of water facilities were identified as the factors militating against domestic water usage. Government should provide available tankers for the distribution of water in the areas that don't have boreholes and taps, especially Birchi and Barkiya districts; Renovation of the town water treatment plant (Water-board) to increase its capacity of supplying the LGA with portable water supply were recommended.
American Journal of Environmental Protection
This study in addition to the conventional monitoring and mapping of Landuse/Landcover Changes (L... more This study in addition to the conventional monitoring and mapping of Landuse/Landcover Changes (LULCC), also has as its major objective to quantitatively analyse the spatio-temporal dynamics of these LULCC structures or patterns using five (5) quantitative indices; Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI), Landuse/Landcover (LULC) Change Intensity Index (Ti), Dynamic Index (Ki), Integrated Index (Ld), and Rate of Change (Ai). These indices critically analyse the extent, rate, as well as the magnitude of change among various LULC in the study area, which provides a basis for comparisons with other places and to better explain the nature of spatio-temporal dynamics of LULC as an Index of land degradation. The NDVI on the one hand allows analysis of these LULCC in terms of change in quantity of vegetation cover or bareness of the land surface, while the other four indices on the other hand expressed the intensity with which the land surface is subjected to human activities. The methodology of RS/GIS was used for LULC mapping and NDVI analysis using multi-temporal satellite data sets. Results showed significant dynamics amongst the various LULC in both space and time with implication of decreasing vegetation cover and increasing bare surfaces and hence land degradation processes. Forest has the highest Change Intensity Index (Ti) of 5.75% followed by Built-up 4.08%, and similarly the highest contribution rates (Ai) of 49 and 35% respectively. Built-up has the highest Dynamic Index (Ki) of 2.29% followed by Floodplain Agricultural area 1.92%. Statistical analysis using different regression models as found applicable was performed to observe the trend in LULC change patterns.
The study which adopted the survey design aimed at examining the coping strategy been adopted an... more The study which adopted the survey design aimed at examining the coping strategy been adopted and the level of intensity of water stress experience vis-à-vis domestic water use. Three Settlements in Sudano-Sahalian Region of Nigeria were selected for the study using systematic - random sampling technique. Field tools include a well structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The household crowding index was computed as ten to twenty persons per household. The perception of the local dwellers was that there is increase water scarcity and most of the responses include long distance mileage to available sources of water, multiple re-use, and multiple water sources. Results showed that the Sudano-Sahelian region of Nigeria has no significant variation in its domestic water sources using the
ANOVA statistical analysis. Therefore rain harvesting, conjunctive water uses, sinking of deeper boreholes, among others were recommended for the region.
Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, May 20, 2014
The study examined well water quality (chemical) in Jos metropolis which it collected a total of ... more The study examined well water quality (chemical) in Jos metropolis which it collected a total of twenty
water samples that were taken for laboratory analysis. The stratified systematic random method was used in the
selection of sample area/location. A total of (10) out of the existing (20) wards were systematically selected, while
in each of the wards, two wells with one each from higher and lower elevations were randomly selected in which
water samples were collected. The samples collected were analyses at UNICEF (WATSAN) Laboratory Bauchi.
USEPA method of water analysis was used to test for the chemical parameters. Pearson product moment correlation
co-efficient was used test for the relationship between high and low elevation in the sample elements, as well as
mean and standard deviation. The results indicates that pH, E.C, TDS, Pb, As and Cyanide appears within
NSDWQMPL, while NO2, Cl, F, Mn, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, CaCo3 and Cr marginally falls within acceptable standard for
drinking water quality maximum permitted limit. Consequently, NO3, SO4, Fe and CaCo3 in some parts of Jos
metropolis fall outside acceptable standard of NSDWQMPL. Moreover, pH, E.C, TDS, Pb, NO2, NO3, Cl, F, Mn,
Cr, As, Cu, Zn, showed that there is no significant relationship within the individual elements in regards to elevation
(high and low) in the study area whereas, SO4, Fe, Mg, Ca, CaCo3 and CaCo3 showed that there is significant
relationship in elevation (high and low) among the individual sample elements. The study concludes that well water
quality through chemical assessment in Jos metropolis is not fit for drinking. It recommends sensitizations campaign
on the importance of clean water, sanitation, enforcement of existing laws and more research be undertaken to cover
for seasonal variation, more elements and sample size.
The study examined well water quality (chemical) in Jos metropolis which it collected a total of ... more The study examined well water quality (chemical) in Jos metropolis which it collected a total of twenty water samples that were taken for laboratory analysis. The stratified systematic random method was used in the selection of sample area/location. A total of (10) out of the existing (20) wards were systematically selected, while in each of the wards, two wells with one each from higher and lower elevations were randomly selected in which water samples were collected. The samples collected were analyses at UNICEF (WATSAN) Laboratory Bauchi. USEPA method of water analysis was used to test for the chemical parameters. Pearson product moment correlation co-efficient was used test for the relationship between high and low elevation in the sample elements, as well as mean and standard deviation. The results indicates that pH, E.C, TDS, Pb, As and Cyanide appears within NSDWQMPL, while NO 2 , Cl, F, Mn, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, CaCo 3 and Cr marginally falls within acceptable standard for drinking water quality maximum permitted limit. Consequently, NO 3 , SO 4 , Fe and CaCo 3 in some parts of Jos metropolis fall outside acceptable standard of NSDWQMPL. Moreover, pH, E.C, TDS, Pb, NO 2 , NO 3 , Cl, F, Mn, Cr, As, Cu, Zn, showed that there is no significant relationship within the individual elements in regards to elevation (high and low) in the study area whereas, SO 4 , Fe, Mg, Ca, CaCo 3 and CaCo 3 showed that there is significant relationship in elevation (high and low) among the individual sample elements. The study concludes that well water quality through chemical assessment in Jos metropolis is not fit for drinking. It recommends sensitizations campaign on the importance of clean water, sanitation, enforcement of existing laws and more research be undertaken to cover for seasonal variation, more elements and sample size.
In this study, nonlinear differential equation of order one model of River Benue water quality co... more In this study, nonlinear differential equation of order one model of River Benue water quality control was formulated. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method was used to study the self-purification in the River Benue. The results showed that waste going down the River Benue becomes non-active to both human being and animals. We conclude that selfpurification of waste in a river is possible as the waste go down the river. It is advisable to dump waste about 300km away from human being and animal water usage.
The Sudano-Sahelian region of Nigeria like any other country in Sub-Saharan Africa is characteriz... more The Sudano-Sahelian region of Nigeria like any other country in Sub-Saharan Africa is characterize with a predominantly rural and peasant population. These are people whose primary occupation is mainly rain-fed farming (with few exceptional areas where irrigation is practiced) and animal rearing. They are the most vulnerable to the effect of climate change (climatic variability). Thus, the paper examined their views/ perception in respect of climate change. The systematic sampling technique was used in selecting the settlement (Kalalawa, Zangon Buhari, and Chingowa) which cater for the spatial spread. Both questionnaires and focus group discussions were employed as tools for the generation of information. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical technique. It was discovered that there is no significant variation in the domestic water sources in the region ((α 0.01). However, rain water ranks highest among other sources. The farmlands are owned by the farmers which is most inherited, but then, they have been witnessing decline in crop yield in the past twenty years. Partly, it has resulted in them boosting their productivity through the use of fertilizer. It was discovered that a significant relationship exist between the quantity of crop harvested and the quantity of fertilizer used, with the co-efficient of determination being 81.10% (strong relationship). While rainfall was on a decrease conversely, temperature has been on the increase. Thus, cutting down on the number of daily meals, cutting down on the rate of domestic water use, selling of lives stocks, engaging in other activities (menial jobs), migration, are among some of the adaptive measures adopted by the people.
shows that a business as usual scenario will lead to an increase in global mean temperature of ab... more shows that a business as usual scenario will lead to an increase in global mean temperature of about 1 0 C above the present value by the year 2025 and 3 0 C before the end of the next century. The debate on climate change has been generating a lot of interest at both the national, regional and international level. Often a times, more emphasis/ focus is placed on the industrialist, the politicians, bureaucrats, and the list goes on… with little and a times passive attention given to the farmer (rural /dwellers) whose cumulative actions can either directly or indirectly make such policies to succeed or fail. The Sudano-Sahelian region of Nigeria is roughly located on longitude 3 0 and 15 0 East and latitude 10 0 and 14 0 North. The zone is characterized by persistent drought, wet and dry spells , declining rainfall intensities and increasing the dry season [4 & 5] summarized all these anomalies and confirms that there has been climate change in rainfall regions in the area. The anticipated effects of climate changes on agriculture is what this study attempts to understand. The paper examines the effects of climate change on agriculture (crop production), the coping strategy been adopted and the level of its intensity. This in turn would aid the policy makers and Non-governmental Organization to articulate the plight of the local/rural dwellers in the Sudano-Sahelian region and perhaps bring succor to them. The Settlements that were chosen are Kalalawa village (Long 5.024 1 and lat 13.210 1 ) in Kware Local Government Area (LGA) of Sokoto state; Zangon Buhari (long 8.550 1 and lat 11.663 1 ) in Bunkure LGA of Kano state; and Chingowa (long 12.888 1 and lat 12.537 1 ) in Magumeri LGA of Borno state. Tools used for the generation of field data were questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD), descriptive and inferential statistical technique were employed in the analysis of the data. The findings reveal that millet, sorghum, and beans appear to be the staple food crop, which significantly vary within the region. Most of the farm plots are owned by the farmers. Rainfall both in terms of intensity and duration has been on a decline, while temperature conditions have been on the increased. Among some the effects are decline in crop yield which has attracted the application of fertilizer, drying of water sources, abandoning of farmlands, and migration. The recommendations are improve farming systems/practices, planting of trees, sinking of boreholes/ water facilities, Government assistance, and prayers to God are the only way forward.
Runoffs from metal roof sheets (aged and New) in Otukpo LGA of Benue State, to carter in Nigeria ... more Runoffs from metal roof sheets (aged and New) in Otukpo LGA of Benue State, to carter in Nigeria were analyzed to determine the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). All the runoff samples though varying in time and space contain heavy metals concentrations. The results ranged from 0.003-0.009, μg/L, 0.165-0.291μg/L, 2.000-2.987 μg/L, 0.091-0.199 μg/L, 0.101-0.187 μg/L, 0.011-0.035 μg/L and 2.733-3.892 μg/L for Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in aged roof metal sheets, while in the new roof metal sheets, the values are 0.002-0.008 μg/L, 0.071-0.191 μg/L, 1.010-1.994 μg/L, 0.073-0.995 μg/L, 0.076-0.111 μg/L, 0.012-0.036 μg/L, and 1.875-2.941 μg/L respectively. There were significant difference (P<0.05) between run off from aged and new roof metal sheets. The mean concentration of Fe, Cu, Ni and Zn of aged metal roof sheet were higher than the mean concentration of new metal roof sheets. All the metals determined except Fe have mean concentration lower than the recommended standard by WHO, CPA and FAO. The variations in mean concentration between aged and new metal roof sheets in this study, suggest anthropogenic inputs of these metals.
The study which examined well water quality in Jos metropolis generated a total of twenty water s... more The study which examined well water quality in Jos metropolis generated a total of twenty water samples that were taken for laboratory analysis. The stratified systematic random method was used in the selection of sample area/location. A total of ten out of the existing twenty were systematically selected, while in each of the wards, two wells with one each from higher and lower elevations were randomly selected in which water samples were collected. The simple percentage and ANOVA test were carried out. The findings reveals a significant variation in well water quality parameters, 80% of the wells are situated close to source of contaminants and 90% are not lined with concrete which may be responsible for the biological contamination of the wells. Faecal coliform exist at 90% (not suitable for drinking), and the chemical parameters (80%) are within the national standard for drinking water quality set by SON. The wells in the study area are shallow wells, therefore, it is recommended that well water in the study area should be treated before drinking, enforcement of sanitary laws, and further research should be undertaken vis-à-vis increase the scale/area of study and consideration of more chemical parameters.
This study was aimed at monitoring, mapping and characterisation of floodplain encroachment patte... more This study was aimed at monitoring, mapping and characterisation of floodplain encroachment patterns on the River Kaduna floodplain in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria,as part of the approach to flood hazard evaluation, flood risk assessment and effective flood and floodplain management. A Topomap of 1967 was used to extract the base built-up layer, while Landsat. TM, 1987, Spot.XS, 1995, Landsat.ETM, 2001 and Quickbird, 2006 were used to generate other built-up layers, which were extracted by digitization and converted to polygon shape files and later used for overlay analysis. A Digital Elevation Map (DEM) of the area was used for delineation of floodplain boundary. ArcGIS sorfware 9.0 operational tools was highly robust and flexible for mapping and analysis of urban growth patterns and characterisation of floodplain encroachment by communities. From the results, it was observed that the highest extents and rates of encroachment are recorded by communities in the proximity of the Central Business District (CBD) such as T/Wada, Ung. Rimi, Barnawa, Doka and the industrial layouts of Kakuri and Kudenda. These areas are the centers of highest socio-economic infrastructure which implies greater flood risk and damage potential in the event of flooding. Results also showed that about 52.83% of the urban segment of the River Kaduna total floodplain area of 48.55km 2 , has been encroached by built-up. As a result of this pattern of encroachment, strong institutional framework and investment towards effective floodplain management is recommended.
This study evaluates the extent and degree of severity of droughts in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecologi... more This study evaluates the extent and degree of severity of droughts in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria using rainfall data spanning a period of 60 years for eight meteorological stations in the zone. The Normalized Rainfall Index was used in depicting periods of different drought intensities in the region. The results revealed that the zone was characterized by larger extent of severe drought since the beginning of 1968 through the early 1970s, and then the 1980s in which the drought was so severe than any other decade in the study period. The late 1990s and the 2000s on the other hand have been witnessing a decrease in the number of drought occurrences in the zone. The mean absolute probability of mild, moderate and severe droughts for the zone was 0.13 (recurrence interval of 7.7 years), 0.11 (recurrence interval of 9.1 years), and 0.08 (recurrence interval of 12.5 years) respectively.