Johnny Ogunji | Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo (original) (raw)

Papers by Johnny Ogunji

Israeli journal of aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 2002

As from January 2010 The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh (IJA) will be published exclusiv... more As from January 2010 The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh (IJA) will be published exclusively as an on-line Open Access (OA) quarterly accessible by all AquacultureHub (http://www.aquaculturehub.org) members and registered individuals and institutions. Please visit our website (http://siamb.org.il) for free registration form, further information and instructions. This transformation from a subscription printed version to an on-line OA journal, aims at supporting the concept that scientific peer-reviewed publications should be made available to all, including those with limited resources. The OA IJA does not enforce author or subscription fees and will endeavor to obtain alternative sources of income to support this policy for as long as possible.

Aquaculture Nutrition, Apr 1, 2008

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nov 23, 2007

Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) is an under-utilised novel legume with crude protein content and ... more Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) is an under-utilised novel legume with crude protein content and amino acid profile that make it a potential candidate in the tropics as substitute for fish meal in fish diets. This study assesses the potentials of Jackbean seed meal (JBSM) for partial replacement of fish meal in diets of Clarias gariepinus. Fishmeal in control diet was replaced progressively (10%,20%,40% and 60%) by raw JBSM, 30-and 60-minute boiled JBSM. Test fish in each tank were fed 3% of their biomass twice daily for 56days. Fish fed control diet had the best SGR (1.61) and feed efficiencies (FCR 1.88, PER 1.74). SGR and PER of fish groups fed test diets were inversely related to the dietary levels of JBSM. The same trend applied to protein and fat contents of the fish carcass. FCR however had the reverse trend. Fish fed diets with up to 20% fishmeal substituted by 60 minute boiled JBSM had protein content similar to those fed the control diets (P<0.05). Fish fed diets with fishmeal substituted by 10% raw JBSM and up to 20% JBSM boiled for 30 and 60 minutes had similar fat levels in the fish flesh as those fed the controlled diets (P<0.05). The poor performance observed in fish fed diets containing increasing levels of boiled JBSM suggest the presence of probably thermostable antinutritional factors in processed JBSM as well as imbalance in the nutrient profile which may be corrected by supplementation. However, the study shows that 20% of fishmeal in the diet can be replaced with JBSM boiled for 60 minutes without any adverse effect on the growth performance.

International Aquatic Research, 2011

Abstract Effect of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on catalase, and glutathione S-transferas... more Abstract Effect of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on catalase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver and gills of carp, Cyprinus carpio fingerling was studied. Eight iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated containing fishmeal and magmeal and in ...

Juvenile H. longifilis were fed raw and 60 min. boiled jackbean seed meal (JBSM) at different die... more Juvenile H. longifilis were fed raw and 60 min. boiled jackbean seed meal (JBSM) at different dietary levels for 56 days. Evaluation of some of the haematological parameters showed that haematocrit (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and lymphocytes decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing dietary level of JBSM. Boiling JBSM for 60mim slightly improved the quality such that fish fed diets with 10% fishmeal substitution had similar PCV and WBC count to those fed the control diet. Other measures to improve the quality of boiled JBSM protein are suggested to enable its use in place of fishmeal at moderate dietary levels in fish production.

Asian Fisheries Science, May 11, 2010

To evaluate the digestibility of house fly maggot meal (magmeal) formulated reference diet (conta... more To evaluate the digestibility of house fly maggot meal (magmeal) formulated reference diet (containing fishmeal as primary protein source) and a test diet (containing 70% reference diet + 30% maggot meal) were fed to triplicate groups of tilapia and carp with initial average body weights of 108.3±32 and 110.3±23 g, respectively. Faeces were collected over a period of 15 days by siphoning. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of magmeal calculated for tilapia (dry matter: 47.65%, crude protein: 57.7%, crude fat: 86.1%; gross energy: 58.1%) were significantly lower than that for carp (dry matter: 63.84%, crude protein: 84.9%, crude fat: 96.8%, energy: 74.9%). Spawning activities of experimental tilapia and soft faeces consistency of carp may have affected the results.

Aquaculture and Fisheries, 2023

Aquaculture largely contributes to aquatic products and consequential dietary protein for many ho... more Aquaculture largely contributes to aquatic products and consequential dietary protein for many households. Aquaculture, just like every other food sector, is faced with enormous challenges such as unfavorable climatic events, environmental stressors and contaminants. Microplastics (MP) are emerging contaminants in aquaculture following their perturbing occurrence in cultured fish, fishmeal and aquafeed. Several MPs pathways into aquaculture facilities include wastewater, pipe-borne water, dilapidated aquaculture facilities, fish gears, and aquafeed stuff (fishmeal). Techniques for the digestion, identification and characterization of MPs are critical to understanding their pathways, bioavailability and bioaccumulation patterns in aquaculture species. The impacts of MPs on cultured fish species are identified as impaired growth, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, embryotoxicity, and histopathology. Bioaccumulation of MPs in tissues and biological systems have been evidenced in several cultured fishes. Mitigation efforts cum strategies such as upgrade of wastewater treatment facilities, screening of inlet pond water, screening of aquafeed stuff, regular maintenance and repair of culture facilities, could be effective to eradicate MP contamination in aquaculture. Additionally, regulatory policy on the use of plastics is key to mitigating the impact of MPs and ensure cleaner and sustainable aquaculture.

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

$Research paper thumbnail of Genotoxicity, oxidative stress and lysozyme induction in Clarias gariepinus chronically exposed to water-soluble fraction of burnt tire ash$

Ecotoxicology

The safety of aquatic ecosystems has been compromised by numerous anthropogenic activities, espec... more The safety of aquatic ecosystems has been compromised by numerous anthropogenic activities, especially leachates from non-point source toxicants, leaching into aquatic systems. This study evaluated the toxicity of the water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of burnt tire ash (BTA) on Clarias gariepinus via a battery of integrated biomarkers. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to sublethal (0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 g/L) concentrations of BTA, derived from 11.2 g/L median lethal concentration (96 LC50), at duration intervals of 1, 14, and 28 days, followed by a recovery trial that lasted for 14 days. Serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities of the gill and liver, lysozymes activity and erythron profile were assessed. The findings of the present study revealed that BTA-WSF induced prominent alterations on biochemical parameters, lysozymes activity and antioxidant enzymes activities in the exposed fish. Furthermore, toxicant exposure promoted oxidative stress, cellular damage and genotoxicity (erythrocytic nuclear and cellular abnormalities) in the exposed fish. In general, a post-exposure trial showed partial recovery from the exposure effects of the toxicant, following the evident modifications of serum enzymes and erythron pathopathology in the experimental model. Biomonitoring of BTA, using sentinel aquatic species such as C. gariepinus, provides insights into the ecotoxicological potency of this toxicant.

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2017

A 12-week study was carried out to comparatively investigate effects of ampicillin and powdered g... more A 12-week study was carried out to comparatively investigate effects of ampicillin and powdered ginger, applied as bath treatment on growth performance, haematology and serum enzymes of Clarias gariepinus. Phytochemical constituents of ginger were investigated. A total of 210 Clarias gariepinus juveniles (26.01±0.05 g and 15.31±0.10 cm) were assigned to seven treatments with three replicates each. Treatment groups had different concentrations of ampicillin and powdered ginger (250, 750 and 1000 mg/35 litres respectively) added to the culture water. Control group had neither of the substances. Fish were fed twice daily with commercial feed at 5% body weight for 12 weeks. Result for growth revealed that there was significant difference (p˂0.05). Result for haematology studies revealed that there was significant difference (p˂0.05) between ampicillin and ginger treatments. There was no significant difference (p˃0.05) in aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) b...

Sustainability, 2021

Food security is threatened by the global increase of human population, climate change, inequalit... more Food security is threatened by the global increase of human population, climate change, inequality of wealth distribution, the state of natural resources, peace and sustainability, among others. Aquaculture has become an important part of the food supply, hence contributing to food security. Sustainable fish production, which represents an important affordable protein supply, should therefore involve feed formulation and production techniques that are not dependent on fish meal as the protein source. It is on this basis that bioeconomy becomes very important to promote the resourceful use of biomass for feed, food, biomaterials, and bioenergy. This study presents housefly maggot meal as an efficient alternative protein source to fishmeal and a valuable bioresource. Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (male and female) were fed maggot meal supplemented diets for 24 weeks and we assessed their growth and gonadal development. The findings of this study revealed that maggot-meal-enhanced die...

Our Nature, 2017

This study was designed to identify level of awareness/knowledge of rice farmers in Southeastern ... more This study was designed to identify level of awareness/knowledge of rice farmers in Southeastern Nigeria about climate-change; identify adverse effects of climatevariability and change on rice production and determine adaptation strategies used by small holder rice farmers within study area. Multistage purposive and stratified sampling technique was used for the sample selection. Information from 360 respondents was got using Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and actual survey with questionnaires. Results showed that the rice farmers were aware of weather changes with grave effects on their rice farms. They reported changes in rainfall regime, intense sunshine, high temperature etc. Of special interest among the adaptation strategies by farmers are the use of inorganic fertilizers, improved rice varieties, cultivation of early maturing varieties, and proper preservation of rice seeds. This study recommends urgent measures to improve resilience of smallholder farmers in rural communities to enable them better adapt to climate-change.

Assessing the dietary amino acid requirements of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Technological change has affected most of rural non-farm enterprises with many positive and negat... more Technological change has affected most of rural non-farm enterprises with many positive and negative social and economic consequences. This study investigated the extent of this change and the linkage implications of the change on the rural economy of southeastern Nigeria. It also attempted assessing technical change in relation to the perceived negative consequences, to find out if the change was neutral and/or biased to those consequences. A total of 200 non-farm entrepreneurs randomly selected from 10 rural communities in 5 out of 9 states of southeastern Nigeria provided the quantitative data. Quantitative data and qualitative data were collected using interview schedules and focus group discussion (FGD) guide respectively. Analysis of quantitative data was by the use of descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, and factor analysis. Analysis of qualitative data was by folk interpretation and verbatim quoting of discussants views. Analysis showed that some personal socio-economi...

Fifty eight specimens of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected between the months o... more Fifty eight specimens of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected between the months of August and November with the use of siene net from the culture ponds of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike and the water reservoir of National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike impounded from Ohii Stream. Vital morphometric data of the specimens were recorded with the aid of calibrated metre rule while visual examination of the external part of the fish specimens were carried out immediately with the naked eye and hand lens for ectoparasites. This was followed by dissecting the specimens to obtain the internal organs which were properly labeled and preserved in 4% formalin for further examination. The preserved organs were subsequently sliced separately into piece, mixed with water and examined under stereo microscope for endoparasites. The recovered parasites were placed on covered slides and examined under the light microscope. The parasites obtained from each spe...

Several feed ingredients have been investigated in an attempt to substitute fishmeal in the diets... more Several feed ingredients have been investigated in an attempt to substitute fishmeal in the diets of fish and livestock. These include both animal protein and plant protein sources. Unfortunately attempts to use these ingredients for complete replacement of the fishmeal component in tilapia diets have not entirely been successful. A major reason is the suboptimal content of essential amino acids in the diets especially methionine. Based on cost effectiveness, availability, crude protein content and amino acid profile, magmeal seem to be a candidate for replacement of fishmeal in fish diets. In this study, seven test diets (36 % crude protein, dry matter) formulated by replacing fishmeal with magmeal were fed to triplicate groups of fifteen fingerlings (initial average weight 2.0±0.1g) for 56 days. Results obtained from growth parameters, protein utilisation, stress indicators and haematological parameters revealed no significant difference among all feeding groups. The observation s...

The present study measured household hunger in South-East Nigeria amidst COVID-19 lockdown. A tot... more The present study measured household hunger in South-East Nigeria amidst COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 1209 households (urban and rural locations) were sampled. Household hunger was determined using Radimer/Cornel hunger scale, while Chi-square test was done with significance of P<0.05. Results of this study revealed 82.7% prevalence of hunger among households before Covid-19 pandemic, while during Covid-19 lockdown, hunger prevalence rose to 98.6%. It was also observed that covid-19 lockdown significantly affected food prices.The major coping strategy employed by households was relying on less expensive foods (81.14%). High household hunger was identified as a short term cost of Covid-19 lockdown in Southeast Nigeria. Only few households benefited from the food aid programs and other forms of palliatives by Government. It is recommended that the Government should setup a formidable unit which will develop physical and digital plans for effective implemention during Covid-19 lock...