Kolade V I C T O R Otokiti | Federal University of Technology Akure (original) (raw)
Papers by Kolade V I C T O R Otokiti
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development, 2024
Urbanization and climate change are significant drivers of rising Land Surface Temperature (LST) ... more Urbanization and climate change are significant drivers of rising Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the formation of Surface Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), which have emerged as pressing environmental challenges in recent decades. This study examines the relationship between Land Use/Cover (LU/C) indices and LST in Kaduna, Nigeria, using multi-temporal Landsat imagery spanning five periods from 2001 to 2021. LST values were derived from the Landsat thermal bands, while LU/C dynamics were identified using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier algorithm. LU/C indices—including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI)—were generated to evaluate their correlation with LST. The results highlight a substantial increase in built-up areas over the 20-year period, accompanied by rising LST values, particularly over bare land and built-up regions, while water bodies exhibited the lowest LST values. Among the LU/C indices, NDBI showed the strongest positive correlation with LST, emphasizing the influence of urban expansion on surface thermal dynamics. The study underscores the critical need for sustainable urban planning and holistic design strategies to mitigate rising LST and SUHI effects in rapidly urbanizing regions like Kaduna.
Urban expansion, mainly occasioned by poorly controlled physical development, continues to pose s... more Urban expansion, mainly occasioned by poorly controlled physical development, continues to pose severe threats to sustainable food production. While studies have concentrated more on food production in the hinterlands of Nigeria, there is a dearth of information on empirical investigations into urban food supply. This study, therefore, examined the effect of poorly controlled physical development on urban food production in Ibadan. An ecological footprint model was used to provide its theoretical anchor, while a longitudinal survey was the research design of choice. Both primary and secondary data were sourced. Geographical and remote sensing methods of analysis were used, with the primary focus being on Ibadan City and the dairy farm that has been converted to non-agricultural uses. This research revealed that Ibadan's total urban area increased from 70.3584 ha in 1986 to 411.8877 ha in 2019. This expansion was accompanied by the loss of agricultural land, the depletion of water bodies, and agricultural land conversion. Validation of the research findings revealed a relatively high accuracy in terms of the Kappa value of 0.72 and an overall classification accuracy of 79.17% for 1986, of 0.84 and 88.33% for 2000, and of 0.91 and 92.5% for 2019. This study recommends that farmers should be trained on soilless farming practices such as aeroponics and hydroponics which both require relatively small portions of land to produce food.
Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 15(2): 184 – 200, 2022
Cities have recently experienced more frequent and intense flooding that poses far-reaching impli... more Cities have recently experienced more frequent and intense flooding that poses far-reaching implications on humans in terms of its negative effect on the quality of urban life, urban efficiency, economy, infrastructure, and sustainability. Flood vulnerability mapping based on multiple factors that influence flooding is considered a widely used approach to understand and analyse the extent of risk. With this background, the study examined flood vulnerability in Lagos core using multicriteria decision approach (MCDA) on ArcMap 10.5. Evidence from the current study indicates that the Lagos core is acutely vulnerable to flood threats as 95.62% of the total area is highly vulnerable to flooding. The study suggests the need for proactive flood vulnerability management actions rather than reactive measures to minimise the impact.
Discovery, 2021
This study analyzed the magnitude and patterns of urban expansion (built-up area) in Ibadan peri-... more This study analyzed the magnitude and patterns of urban expansion (built-up area) in Ibadan peri-urban areas (Akinyele, Egbeda, Ido and Oluyole Local Government Areas) between 1986 to 2019 using Landsat-5 (TM) and Landsat-8 (OLI/TIRS) images. Across the study areas, our results, on the one hand, show an increase in the built-up area, rock and bare soil, and grassland area, while, on the other hand, they reveal a decrease in forest and open space over the study period. Respectively, the built-up area increased by 306.34%, 317.16%, 243.66% and 400.80% in Akinyele, Ido, Egbeda and Oluyole Local Government Areas. Having established built-up expansion in Ibadan peri-urban areas, this study; however, recommends that comprehensive planning focus on the peri-urban areas is required to arrest urban sprawl and its corresponding adverse impacts.
American Journal of Geophysics, Geochemistry and Geosystems Journals > > American Journal of Geophysics, Geochemistry and Geosystems, 2020
Flood risk in coastal megacities of developing nations is higher than those in developed nations ... more Flood risk in coastal megacities of developing nations is higher than those in developed nations due to inadequate fiscal resources, urbanization, and poor flood maintenance infrastructure, amongst other factors. Lagos is one of the coastal megacities of the developing nations characterized by increasing urbanization and population growth. This study presents geospatial mapping of flood risk areas in the coastal megacity of Nigeria. The flood prone areas were derived by overlaying seven flood factors in ArcGIS environment, which include: elevation, curvature, slope, flow accumulation, normalized difference water index (NDWI), land cover and drainage density. Results showed that of the 2507.2 km 2 land area covered by this study area, 0.006% (0.15km 2) falls in very high risk, 30.9% (774.7 km 2) falls in high risk, 68.8% (1725km 2) falls in moderate risk and only 0.31% (7.8km 2) falls in low risk areas. Furthermore, highly urbanized Local Governments in relatively low elevations with low slope angles such as Eti-Osa, Apapa, Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland and Ojo have high risk of getting flooded while most Local Governments with low level of urbanization and high elevations have moderate to low risk of getting flooded. These findings have implications on sustainable decision making and planning for flood risk prevention and management, prioritizing flood risk control mechanisms where necessary, and the development and implementation of potent flood control policies with appropriate infrastructure in areas that fall in both very high risk and high risk.
World Academics Journal of Management, 2020
In developing countries, urban sprawl is one of the primary drivers of agricultural land loss. In... more In developing countries, urban sprawl is one of the primary drivers of agricultural land loss. In the long term, increasing urbanization and rising population pose a significant risk to food security and sustainable agriculture. This study therefore assesses and presents the spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural land loss in Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) tools. Also, it discusses the impact of urban sprawl on food security, as it concerns the study area. Changes in agricultural land cover were detected using Landsat images. The research findings show a significant increase in agricultural land loss as a result of urbanization in the past three decades where built-up areas were discovered to increase rapidly while agricultural land cover declined as a consequence. In total, over 23sqkm of agricultural land was lost in the study area over the study period. Thus, food production and the livelihood of producers are currently put at risk. In response, innovative agricultural approaches as well as efficient development control mechanisms were recommended to promote food security in the face of growing agricultural land loss and population increase.
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 2020
Current planning strategies for future urban development often target issues such as housing, tra... more Current planning strategies for future urban development often target issues such as housing, transport, water, and infrastructure; but very few strategies comprehensively consider the urban climate and its interaction with the built environment as well as the resultant effects. Thus, this research investigated the climate change impacts in an urban area with a view to recommend measures to manage the emerging effects of climate change. For the purpose of this study, the study area is Ikeja local government area-a rapidly growing urban centre with an annual growth rate of 50%. The research design adopted for the study was survey research which involved site visitation for data collection, and analysis. The local government was subdivided into 3 development zone from which the sample size of 450 was drawn using simple random sampling technique. Data was sourced from the respondents using questionnaire, spatial data was sourced from trusted online sources, alongside other secondary data. Collected data from questionnaire was analysed using Statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22 while the spatial data was analysed using ArcGIS version 10.5. The result of the analysis revealed that Ikeja Local Government Area was densely populated. Majority of its residents are educated with 43.8% of the respondent having tertiary education. According to the study, identified climate change impacts on households include flooding, health risk, high temperature and dryness of well. The results from the GIS land cover analysis revealed that built up area in Ikeja local government have increased form 10.75% of the total coverage of the local government in 1980 to 92.11% in 2019. Accordingly, the climate of the area is expected to be significantly impacted. Thus, it was recommended that the local government need to develop information based system to manage urban growth in the area, initiate vulnerability assessment of the city and engage in public awareness on the importance of land use planning in mitigating effect of climate change.
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 2020
Following the industrial revolution and the subsequent expansion in the exploration of... more Following the industrial revolution and the subsequent expansion in the exploration of natural resources, the human environment has been impacted greatly. In Nigeria, the activities of the oil industry in the Niger Delta Region have compromised the ability of the environment to provide many of its services. Although environmental laws such as the “polluter pay principle” have been adapted to checkmate oil spillage, it should be noted that these laws evolved over the years and will continue to evolve with different approaches. In Nigeria, most of the laws until recently were left without reform, thus they no longer protect the environment any more. Moreover, enforcing these laws in developing countries has been challenging. The economic exploitation of the environment has grossly undermined the inviolability of a healthy environment and the sanctity of human rights in Nigeria. Therefore, this study elicits several lacunas in the existing environmental laws in Nigeria and also addresses the challenges of reforming and enforcing environmental laws in achieving environmental sustainability. The study reviewed and referenced journal articles, technical reports, online archives, textbooks and the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. This study affirms that, environmental degradation as a result of oil exploration in the Niger Delta region has continued to cause negative effects on the wellbeing of the people as it renders a large portion of the environment unsafe with toxic waste proliferating at an alarming rate. In an attempt to immunize the environment against environmental degradation, the study suggests that environmental laws should undergo frequent review and enforced without any iota of compromise in Nigeria, integratingand engaging every stakeholder most especially, those in the oil-producing communities in the Niger Delta region.
Flood risk in coastal megacities of developing nations is higher than those in developed nations ... more Flood risk in coastal megacities of developing nations is higher than those in developed nations due to inadequate fiscal resources, urbanization, and poor flood maintenance infrastructure, amongst other factors. Lagos is one of the coastal megacities of the developing nations characterized by increasing urbanization and population growth. This study presents geospatial mapping of flood risk areas in the coastal megacity of Nigeria. The flood prone areas were derived by overlaying seven flood factors in ArcGIS environment, which include: elevation, curvature, slope, flow accumulation, normalized difference water index (NDWI), land cover and drainage density. Results showed that of the 2507.2 km 2 land area covered by this study area, 0.006% (0.15km 2) falls in very high risk, 30.9% (774.7 km 2) falls in high risk, 68.8% (1725km 2) falls in moderate risk and only 0.31% (7.8km 2) falls in low risk areas. Furthermore, highly urbanized Local Governments in relatively low elevations with low slope angles such as Eti-Osa, Apapa, Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland and Ojo have high risk of getting flooded while most Local Governments with low level of urbanization and high elevations have moderate to low risk of getting flooded. These findings have implications on sustainable decision making and planning for flood risk prevention and management, prioritizing flood risk control mechanisms where necessary, and the development and implementation of potent flood control policies with appropriate infrastructure in areas that fall in both very high risk and high risk.
Background and Objective: Human actions threaten all of the Earth’s ecosystems. The resultant eff... more Background and Objective: Human actions threaten all of the Earth’s ecosystems. The resultant effect of human exploitation has left the ecosystem further degraded and the innate human dependence on its services less sustainable. Consequently, this study estimated the total land area for the ecosystems within the study area and assessed the level of degradation over a 17 years study period using historic satellite imageries. Materials and Methods: The historic satellite imageries were subjected to both land use/land cover classification and ecological classification using ArcGIS 10.3. The ecosystems found in the study area include the evergreen rainforest, littoral rainforest, swamp forest, woodland and grassland, Atlantic Ocean mangrove and water. Results: The result showed the total land area coverage of ecosystem (146,682 ha) and significant depletion of ecosystem in the study area, with the swamp forest being the largest ecosystem depleted in terms of land area (5,064 ha) at the study’s concluding year. In total, 2,822, 3,655, 6,805 and 7,521 ha of ecosystem land area coverage was depleted in year 2000, 2006, 2011 and 2016 respectively. Conclusion: With this, integrating ecosystem management into urban planning approaches would go a long way in improving the quality of people’s life and promoting the sustain ability of ecosystem services.
American Institute of Science, 2019
Forest resources are vulnerable to the effect of climate change extremes and human activities. Ho... more Forest resources are vulnerable to the effect of climate change extremes and human activities. However, the environmental protection potentials and ecological value associated with forest resources in response to climate change and environmental degradation are enormous. Sustainable management and monitoring of forest resources can, therefore, contribute to the resilience of cities to lessen the severity of climate change manifestation. This study quantifies the magnitude of depleted forest land-cover in Akinyele and Egbeda local government areas in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) tools. Landsat Imageries for the years 1986 and 2019 were subjected to a supervised classification on ArcMap 10.3. Besides, a structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the socio-economic characteristics of respondents, knowledge of respondents about environmental benefits associated with forest resources in response to climate change, as well as the causes of forest depletion. Overall, the GIS results revealed an increasing rate of forest resource depletion in the study area. Also, the majority of the respondents were farmers (34%) with little or no knowledge of the benefits of forest conservation in tackling the challenges posed by climate change. Moreover, agriculture (35%), logging (30%) and urbanization (28%) accounted for the leading causes of forest depletion in the study area. The study, however, recommends policies to be adopted in response to forest resource depletion and climate change manifestations.
The impact of Climate change on the coastal regions of the world is unprecedented especially as i... more The impact of Climate change on the coastal regions of the world is unprecedented especially as it relates to sea level rise which stimulates coastal flooding and the submergence of several coastal communities. However, Nigeria coastal communities are characterized with various climate change manifestations with different magnitudes and severity. Using Ayetoro community in Ilaje Local Government Area in Ondo state as case study, a GIS and Remote Sensing model was built to determine the land area to be inundated in the study area in a scenario of 0m, 1m and 2 meters sea level rise using the Digital Elevation Model of the area. Results show that 1.08% (19.05km 2), 4.71% (83.03km 2) and 12.68% (223.63km 2) of the total land area would be inundated at 0-meter, 1-meter and 2-meter sea level rise scenarios respectively. The implication of this is that, there is need to make provision for the region that is likely to be affected by these sea level rise scenarios so as to minimize the resulting damage.
Soil erosion is a persistent process that continues relatively unnoticed, or at an alarming rate ... more Soil erosion is a persistent process that continues relatively unnoticed, or at an alarming rate causing serious threats to soil. About 84% of the global land loss has been attributed to erosion. Accordingly, erosion is one of the most significant environmental problems worldwide. In this paper, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were used to assess the impact of soil erosion on residential areas of Efon-Alaayee Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Soil erodability, slope, land cover and support practice factors were the variables used to investigate the impact of soil erosion in the study area. As an output, a soil loss map was developed and the total land area at risk of being lost to erosion was estimated from the analysis. The soil loss map was calculated to be between 0 to > 756.60 tons per hectare (31.9 sq.km) in a year. The soil map was classified into four categories based on erosion risk classes, namely: slight, moderate, high and very high. The result indicates that 21.8 sq.km area is under slight class, 6.5 sq.km area is under moderate class, 2.7 sq.km is under high class while, 0.54km sq.km area is under very high class.
This study adopted a GIS-based multi-criteria decision approach in mapping the inherent qualities... more This study adopted a GIS-based multi-criteria decision approach in mapping the inherent qualities and potentials of land peculiar to rice cultivation in Oye-Ekiti. FAO framework was used as a guide in selecting variables for the land evaluation. An Analytical Hierarchical Process was used to assign weights to the selected factors with respect to their relative importance, while pairwise comparison was used to rank the factors. The priority generated was used to assign weights in ArcGIS 10.5 weighted overlay toolset in spatial analyst tool. The resulting weights are based on the principal eigenvector of the decision matrix. From the priority value derived from the pairwise comparison result, the criteria were reclassified according to their suitability level and weighted overlay toolset was used to merge the criteria from which the results were obtained. The study area was classified into three categories based on rice cultivation suitability, namely: Highly suitable-S1, moderately suitable-S2, marginally suitable-S3. The result indicates that that 18% (79.925 sq.km) of the total land area is highly suitable for cultivating rice, 70% (326.019 sq.km) is moderately suitable while 12% (57.725 sq.km) is marginally suitable. The study is a GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making approach in selecting the best rice cultivation site.
Criminal behaviour is a fact of life in every community, to some extent it can be checked, restra... more Criminal behaviour is a fact of life in every community, to some extent it can be checked, restrained and bridled. An up-to-date data is needed on crime for proper management; it is only in a GIS environment this can be done effectively. This study therefore, utilized the GIS technology to access the spatial distribution of crime in selected communities in Akure. The socio economic characteristics of respondents in the study area were also examined through the administration of a structured questionnaire to 250 respondents that constitute 1.1% of the total population in the selected communities due to homogenous characteristics. Data from the questionnaire were transformed, coded and processed with SPSS to establish relationship between the variables and exported to ArcMAP GIS software to create attribute table for the crime data. A Geo-database design consisting of database development, data manipulation and data storage and retrieval was used as a repository for acquired data and information. Empirical analysis shows that over 60% are not employed by government while the average monthly income is less than N18,000.00. GIS analysis shows that theft and battery are the major crimes and these are mostly concentrated in areas with poor building conditions. The Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2017 22 paper recommends proper housing and layout designs for urban communities in order to expose criminals and enhance living conditions of the people.
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development, 2024
Urbanization and climate change are significant drivers of rising Land Surface Temperature (LST) ... more Urbanization and climate change are significant drivers of rising Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the formation of Surface Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), which have emerged as pressing environmental challenges in recent decades. This study examines the relationship between Land Use/Cover (LU/C) indices and LST in Kaduna, Nigeria, using multi-temporal Landsat imagery spanning five periods from 2001 to 2021. LST values were derived from the Landsat thermal bands, while LU/C dynamics were identified using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier algorithm. LU/C indices—including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI)—were generated to evaluate their correlation with LST. The results highlight a substantial increase in built-up areas over the 20-year period, accompanied by rising LST values, particularly over bare land and built-up regions, while water bodies exhibited the lowest LST values. Among the LU/C indices, NDBI showed the strongest positive correlation with LST, emphasizing the influence of urban expansion on surface thermal dynamics. The study underscores the critical need for sustainable urban planning and holistic design strategies to mitigate rising LST and SUHI effects in rapidly urbanizing regions like Kaduna.
Urban expansion, mainly occasioned by poorly controlled physical development, continues to pose s... more Urban expansion, mainly occasioned by poorly controlled physical development, continues to pose severe threats to sustainable food production. While studies have concentrated more on food production in the hinterlands of Nigeria, there is a dearth of information on empirical investigations into urban food supply. This study, therefore, examined the effect of poorly controlled physical development on urban food production in Ibadan. An ecological footprint model was used to provide its theoretical anchor, while a longitudinal survey was the research design of choice. Both primary and secondary data were sourced. Geographical and remote sensing methods of analysis were used, with the primary focus being on Ibadan City and the dairy farm that has been converted to non-agricultural uses. This research revealed that Ibadan's total urban area increased from 70.3584 ha in 1986 to 411.8877 ha in 2019. This expansion was accompanied by the loss of agricultural land, the depletion of water bodies, and agricultural land conversion. Validation of the research findings revealed a relatively high accuracy in terms of the Kappa value of 0.72 and an overall classification accuracy of 79.17% for 1986, of 0.84 and 88.33% for 2000, and of 0.91 and 92.5% for 2019. This study recommends that farmers should be trained on soilless farming practices such as aeroponics and hydroponics which both require relatively small portions of land to produce food.
Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 15(2): 184 – 200, 2022
Cities have recently experienced more frequent and intense flooding that poses far-reaching impli... more Cities have recently experienced more frequent and intense flooding that poses far-reaching implications on humans in terms of its negative effect on the quality of urban life, urban efficiency, economy, infrastructure, and sustainability. Flood vulnerability mapping based on multiple factors that influence flooding is considered a widely used approach to understand and analyse the extent of risk. With this background, the study examined flood vulnerability in Lagos core using multicriteria decision approach (MCDA) on ArcMap 10.5. Evidence from the current study indicates that the Lagos core is acutely vulnerable to flood threats as 95.62% of the total area is highly vulnerable to flooding. The study suggests the need for proactive flood vulnerability management actions rather than reactive measures to minimise the impact.
Discovery, 2021
This study analyzed the magnitude and patterns of urban expansion (built-up area) in Ibadan peri-... more This study analyzed the magnitude and patterns of urban expansion (built-up area) in Ibadan peri-urban areas (Akinyele, Egbeda, Ido and Oluyole Local Government Areas) between 1986 to 2019 using Landsat-5 (TM) and Landsat-8 (OLI/TIRS) images. Across the study areas, our results, on the one hand, show an increase in the built-up area, rock and bare soil, and grassland area, while, on the other hand, they reveal a decrease in forest and open space over the study period. Respectively, the built-up area increased by 306.34%, 317.16%, 243.66% and 400.80% in Akinyele, Ido, Egbeda and Oluyole Local Government Areas. Having established built-up expansion in Ibadan peri-urban areas, this study; however, recommends that comprehensive planning focus on the peri-urban areas is required to arrest urban sprawl and its corresponding adverse impacts.
American Journal of Geophysics, Geochemistry and Geosystems Journals > > American Journal of Geophysics, Geochemistry and Geosystems, 2020
Flood risk in coastal megacities of developing nations is higher than those in developed nations ... more Flood risk in coastal megacities of developing nations is higher than those in developed nations due to inadequate fiscal resources, urbanization, and poor flood maintenance infrastructure, amongst other factors. Lagos is one of the coastal megacities of the developing nations characterized by increasing urbanization and population growth. This study presents geospatial mapping of flood risk areas in the coastal megacity of Nigeria. The flood prone areas were derived by overlaying seven flood factors in ArcGIS environment, which include: elevation, curvature, slope, flow accumulation, normalized difference water index (NDWI), land cover and drainage density. Results showed that of the 2507.2 km 2 land area covered by this study area, 0.006% (0.15km 2) falls in very high risk, 30.9% (774.7 km 2) falls in high risk, 68.8% (1725km 2) falls in moderate risk and only 0.31% (7.8km 2) falls in low risk areas. Furthermore, highly urbanized Local Governments in relatively low elevations with low slope angles such as Eti-Osa, Apapa, Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland and Ojo have high risk of getting flooded while most Local Governments with low level of urbanization and high elevations have moderate to low risk of getting flooded. These findings have implications on sustainable decision making and planning for flood risk prevention and management, prioritizing flood risk control mechanisms where necessary, and the development and implementation of potent flood control policies with appropriate infrastructure in areas that fall in both very high risk and high risk.
World Academics Journal of Management, 2020
In developing countries, urban sprawl is one of the primary drivers of agricultural land loss. In... more In developing countries, urban sprawl is one of the primary drivers of agricultural land loss. In the long term, increasing urbanization and rising population pose a significant risk to food security and sustainable agriculture. This study therefore assesses and presents the spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural land loss in Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) tools. Also, it discusses the impact of urban sprawl on food security, as it concerns the study area. Changes in agricultural land cover were detected using Landsat images. The research findings show a significant increase in agricultural land loss as a result of urbanization in the past three decades where built-up areas were discovered to increase rapidly while agricultural land cover declined as a consequence. In total, over 23sqkm of agricultural land was lost in the study area over the study period. Thus, food production and the livelihood of producers are currently put at risk. In response, innovative agricultural approaches as well as efficient development control mechanisms were recommended to promote food security in the face of growing agricultural land loss and population increase.
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 2020
Current planning strategies for future urban development often target issues such as housing, tra... more Current planning strategies for future urban development often target issues such as housing, transport, water, and infrastructure; but very few strategies comprehensively consider the urban climate and its interaction with the built environment as well as the resultant effects. Thus, this research investigated the climate change impacts in an urban area with a view to recommend measures to manage the emerging effects of climate change. For the purpose of this study, the study area is Ikeja local government area-a rapidly growing urban centre with an annual growth rate of 50%. The research design adopted for the study was survey research which involved site visitation for data collection, and analysis. The local government was subdivided into 3 development zone from which the sample size of 450 was drawn using simple random sampling technique. Data was sourced from the respondents using questionnaire, spatial data was sourced from trusted online sources, alongside other secondary data. Collected data from questionnaire was analysed using Statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22 while the spatial data was analysed using ArcGIS version 10.5. The result of the analysis revealed that Ikeja Local Government Area was densely populated. Majority of its residents are educated with 43.8% of the respondent having tertiary education. According to the study, identified climate change impacts on households include flooding, health risk, high temperature and dryness of well. The results from the GIS land cover analysis revealed that built up area in Ikeja local government have increased form 10.75% of the total coverage of the local government in 1980 to 92.11% in 2019. Accordingly, the climate of the area is expected to be significantly impacted. Thus, it was recommended that the local government need to develop information based system to manage urban growth in the area, initiate vulnerability assessment of the city and engage in public awareness on the importance of land use planning in mitigating effect of climate change.
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 2020
Following the industrial revolution and the subsequent expansion in the exploration of... more Following the industrial revolution and the subsequent expansion in the exploration of natural resources, the human environment has been impacted greatly. In Nigeria, the activities of the oil industry in the Niger Delta Region have compromised the ability of the environment to provide many of its services. Although environmental laws such as the “polluter pay principle” have been adapted to checkmate oil spillage, it should be noted that these laws evolved over the years and will continue to evolve with different approaches. In Nigeria, most of the laws until recently were left without reform, thus they no longer protect the environment any more. Moreover, enforcing these laws in developing countries has been challenging. The economic exploitation of the environment has grossly undermined the inviolability of a healthy environment and the sanctity of human rights in Nigeria. Therefore, this study elicits several lacunas in the existing environmental laws in Nigeria and also addresses the challenges of reforming and enforcing environmental laws in achieving environmental sustainability. The study reviewed and referenced journal articles, technical reports, online archives, textbooks and the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. This study affirms that, environmental degradation as a result of oil exploration in the Niger Delta region has continued to cause negative effects on the wellbeing of the people as it renders a large portion of the environment unsafe with toxic waste proliferating at an alarming rate. In an attempt to immunize the environment against environmental degradation, the study suggests that environmental laws should undergo frequent review and enforced without any iota of compromise in Nigeria, integratingand engaging every stakeholder most especially, those in the oil-producing communities in the Niger Delta region.
Flood risk in coastal megacities of developing nations is higher than those in developed nations ... more Flood risk in coastal megacities of developing nations is higher than those in developed nations due to inadequate fiscal resources, urbanization, and poor flood maintenance infrastructure, amongst other factors. Lagos is one of the coastal megacities of the developing nations characterized by increasing urbanization and population growth. This study presents geospatial mapping of flood risk areas in the coastal megacity of Nigeria. The flood prone areas were derived by overlaying seven flood factors in ArcGIS environment, which include: elevation, curvature, slope, flow accumulation, normalized difference water index (NDWI), land cover and drainage density. Results showed that of the 2507.2 km 2 land area covered by this study area, 0.006% (0.15km 2) falls in very high risk, 30.9% (774.7 km 2) falls in high risk, 68.8% (1725km 2) falls in moderate risk and only 0.31% (7.8km 2) falls in low risk areas. Furthermore, highly urbanized Local Governments in relatively low elevations with low slope angles such as Eti-Osa, Apapa, Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland and Ojo have high risk of getting flooded while most Local Governments with low level of urbanization and high elevations have moderate to low risk of getting flooded. These findings have implications on sustainable decision making and planning for flood risk prevention and management, prioritizing flood risk control mechanisms where necessary, and the development and implementation of potent flood control policies with appropriate infrastructure in areas that fall in both very high risk and high risk.
Background and Objective: Human actions threaten all of the Earth’s ecosystems. The resultant eff... more Background and Objective: Human actions threaten all of the Earth’s ecosystems. The resultant effect of human exploitation has left the ecosystem further degraded and the innate human dependence on its services less sustainable. Consequently, this study estimated the total land area for the ecosystems within the study area and assessed the level of degradation over a 17 years study period using historic satellite imageries. Materials and Methods: The historic satellite imageries were subjected to both land use/land cover classification and ecological classification using ArcGIS 10.3. The ecosystems found in the study area include the evergreen rainforest, littoral rainforest, swamp forest, woodland and grassland, Atlantic Ocean mangrove and water. Results: The result showed the total land area coverage of ecosystem (146,682 ha) and significant depletion of ecosystem in the study area, with the swamp forest being the largest ecosystem depleted in terms of land area (5,064 ha) at the study’s concluding year. In total, 2,822, 3,655, 6,805 and 7,521 ha of ecosystem land area coverage was depleted in year 2000, 2006, 2011 and 2016 respectively. Conclusion: With this, integrating ecosystem management into urban planning approaches would go a long way in improving the quality of people’s life and promoting the sustain ability of ecosystem services.
American Institute of Science, 2019
Forest resources are vulnerable to the effect of climate change extremes and human activities. Ho... more Forest resources are vulnerable to the effect of climate change extremes and human activities. However, the environmental protection potentials and ecological value associated with forest resources in response to climate change and environmental degradation are enormous. Sustainable management and monitoring of forest resources can, therefore, contribute to the resilience of cities to lessen the severity of climate change manifestation. This study quantifies the magnitude of depleted forest land-cover in Akinyele and Egbeda local government areas in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) tools. Landsat Imageries for the years 1986 and 2019 were subjected to a supervised classification on ArcMap 10.3. Besides, a structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the socio-economic characteristics of respondents, knowledge of respondents about environmental benefits associated with forest resources in response to climate change, as well as the causes of forest depletion. Overall, the GIS results revealed an increasing rate of forest resource depletion in the study area. Also, the majority of the respondents were farmers (34%) with little or no knowledge of the benefits of forest conservation in tackling the challenges posed by climate change. Moreover, agriculture (35%), logging (30%) and urbanization (28%) accounted for the leading causes of forest depletion in the study area. The study, however, recommends policies to be adopted in response to forest resource depletion and climate change manifestations.
The impact of Climate change on the coastal regions of the world is unprecedented especially as i... more The impact of Climate change on the coastal regions of the world is unprecedented especially as it relates to sea level rise which stimulates coastal flooding and the submergence of several coastal communities. However, Nigeria coastal communities are characterized with various climate change manifestations with different magnitudes and severity. Using Ayetoro community in Ilaje Local Government Area in Ondo state as case study, a GIS and Remote Sensing model was built to determine the land area to be inundated in the study area in a scenario of 0m, 1m and 2 meters sea level rise using the Digital Elevation Model of the area. Results show that 1.08% (19.05km 2), 4.71% (83.03km 2) and 12.68% (223.63km 2) of the total land area would be inundated at 0-meter, 1-meter and 2-meter sea level rise scenarios respectively. The implication of this is that, there is need to make provision for the region that is likely to be affected by these sea level rise scenarios so as to minimize the resulting damage.
Soil erosion is a persistent process that continues relatively unnoticed, or at an alarming rate ... more Soil erosion is a persistent process that continues relatively unnoticed, or at an alarming rate causing serious threats to soil. About 84% of the global land loss has been attributed to erosion. Accordingly, erosion is one of the most significant environmental problems worldwide. In this paper, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were used to assess the impact of soil erosion on residential areas of Efon-Alaayee Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Soil erodability, slope, land cover and support practice factors were the variables used to investigate the impact of soil erosion in the study area. As an output, a soil loss map was developed and the total land area at risk of being lost to erosion was estimated from the analysis. The soil loss map was calculated to be between 0 to > 756.60 tons per hectare (31.9 sq.km) in a year. The soil map was classified into four categories based on erosion risk classes, namely: slight, moderate, high and very high. The result indicates that 21.8 sq.km area is under slight class, 6.5 sq.km area is under moderate class, 2.7 sq.km is under high class while, 0.54km sq.km area is under very high class.
This study adopted a GIS-based multi-criteria decision approach in mapping the inherent qualities... more This study adopted a GIS-based multi-criteria decision approach in mapping the inherent qualities and potentials of land peculiar to rice cultivation in Oye-Ekiti. FAO framework was used as a guide in selecting variables for the land evaluation. An Analytical Hierarchical Process was used to assign weights to the selected factors with respect to their relative importance, while pairwise comparison was used to rank the factors. The priority generated was used to assign weights in ArcGIS 10.5 weighted overlay toolset in spatial analyst tool. The resulting weights are based on the principal eigenvector of the decision matrix. From the priority value derived from the pairwise comparison result, the criteria were reclassified according to their suitability level and weighted overlay toolset was used to merge the criteria from which the results were obtained. The study area was classified into three categories based on rice cultivation suitability, namely: Highly suitable-S1, moderately suitable-S2, marginally suitable-S3. The result indicates that that 18% (79.925 sq.km) of the total land area is highly suitable for cultivating rice, 70% (326.019 sq.km) is moderately suitable while 12% (57.725 sq.km) is marginally suitable. The study is a GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making approach in selecting the best rice cultivation site.
Criminal behaviour is a fact of life in every community, to some extent it can be checked, restra... more Criminal behaviour is a fact of life in every community, to some extent it can be checked, restrained and bridled. An up-to-date data is needed on crime for proper management; it is only in a GIS environment this can be done effectively. This study therefore, utilized the GIS technology to access the spatial distribution of crime in selected communities in Akure. The socio economic characteristics of respondents in the study area were also examined through the administration of a structured questionnaire to 250 respondents that constitute 1.1% of the total population in the selected communities due to homogenous characteristics. Data from the questionnaire were transformed, coded and processed with SPSS to establish relationship between the variables and exported to ArcMAP GIS software to create attribute table for the crime data. A Geo-database design consisting of database development, data manipulation and data storage and retrieval was used as a repository for acquired data and information. Empirical analysis shows that over 60% are not employed by government while the average monthly income is less than N18,000.00. GIS analysis shows that theft and battery are the major crimes and these are mostly concentrated in areas with poor building conditions. The Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2017 22 paper recommends proper housing and layout designs for urban communities in order to expose criminals and enhance living conditions of the people.