JOHN MUSA | FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA-NIGERIA (original) (raw)

Papers by JOHN MUSA

There has been an increase in effort to reduce the reliance on petroleum fuels for energy generat... more There has been an increase in effort to reduce the reliance on petroleum fuels for energy generation and transportation throughout the world. Among the proposed alternative fuels is biodiesel. Over the years, a little attention was paid to the industrial use of palm oil. Laboratory tests such as viscosity, fire point, flash point, pour point and densities were conducted on raw palm oil and bleached palm oil using standard procedures. The flash points of palm oil and the bleached sample are 250 and 301°C while their fire points are 260 and 308°C while the flash and fire points of the SAE 40 and SAE 30 are 260/300(°C) and 243/290(°C) respectively. It was discovered that palm oil has a better prospect as lubricating oil if necessary improvements are made.

This study was conducted on sachet water samples mostly consumed in Minna Nigeria. Six types of s... more This study was conducted on sachet water samples mostly consumed in Minna Nigeria. Six types of sachet water samples were collected (A, B, C, D, E and F) and the six were randomly selected from the numerous sachet water factory in Minna. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of sachet water used as drinking water and domestic purpose by looking into the microbiological aspect and several physicochemical analyses such as turbidity, pH and total suspended solid (TSS). The microbiological analyses were performed to trace the presence of indicator organisms and pathogens such as Escherichia coli and total coliform count. However, the total coliforms and E. coli were detected to range between 0 and 43 cfu/100mL while the E. coli ranged between 0.00 and 7.00 cfu/100mL. The pH value was slightly alkaline (pH >6.5) but below 9.5 which within the recommended standards. The TSS for the samples ranged between 45 and 190 mg/L which were very low compared with the recommended values and the turbidity for all the samples were recorded below 2 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) thus, complying with the regulations. All the water samples were fit to be consumed except those with high values of E. coli and total coliform count.

Au Journal of Technology, Feb 1, 2009

A 16m by 10m aerated lagoon of depth 2.5m was designed for fish pond wastewater treatment. This w... more A 16m by 10m aerated lagoon of depth 2.5m was designed for fish pond wastewater treatment. This was done to encourage the recycling aquaculture system of wastewater management. A sedimentation tank of 5.5m surface diameter with a total volume of 367.92m 3 and side slope of 2:1 was also designed to take care of settleable solids in the wastewater. These were done after biological analysis of wastewater from a commercial fish farm has been done. From the analysis, the average ratio of fourhour permanganate value and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) was 1:5 which rendered the wastewater treatable by biological method (aerated lagoon). A diffused unit aerator of 3 hp compressor over a 50mm diameter pipe was also recommended with a retention period few days.

The search for renewable energy resources continues to attract attention in recent times as fossi... more The search for renewable energy resources continues to attract attention in recent times as fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal and natural gas, which are been used to meet the energy needs of man are associated with negative environmental impacts such as global warming. Biodiesel offered reduced exhaust emissions, improved biodegradability, reduced toxicity and higher carotene rating which can improve performance and clean up emissions. Standard methods were used to determine the physical and chemical properties of the oil, which includes the Density, Viscosity, flash/fire point, carbon residue, volatility and Specific Gravity were determined by chemical experimental analysis. The flash/fire points of the Heavy duty oil (SAE 40) and Light duty oil (SAE 30) is 260/300(°C) and 243/290(°C) respectively while the pour points of the samples are 22°C for palm kernel oil while 9°C and 21°C for SAE 40and SAE 30 respectively.

Open Journal of Modern Hydrology, 2012

The various physical mechanisms governing the dynamics of streamflow processes act on a seemingly... more The various physical mechanisms governing the dynamics of streamflow processes act on a seemingly wide range of temporal and spatial scales; almost all the mechanisms involved present some degree of nonlinearity. Against the backdrop of these issues, in this paper, attempt was made to critically look at the subject of Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) or volatility of streamflow processes, a form of nonlinear phenomena. Towards this end, streamflow data (both daily and monthly) of the River Benue, Nigeria were used for the study. Results obtained from the analyses indicate that the existence of conditional heteroscedasticity in streamflow processes is no paradox. Too, ARCH effect is caused by seasonal variation in the variance for monthly flows and could partly explain same in the daily streamflow. It was also evident that the traditional seasonal Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models are inadequate in describing ARCH effect in daily streamflow process though, robust for monthly streamflow; and can be removed if proper deseasonalisation pre-processing was done. Considering the findings, the potential for a hybrid Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) and Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH)type models should be further explored and probably embraced for modelling daily streamflow regime in view of the relevance of statistical modelling in hydrology.

Starting with an assumption of what appears to be true-that the so-called economic crisis in the ... more Starting with an assumption of what appears to be true-that the so-called economic crisis in the rural areas of Nigeria is now pretty well established as a fact of our age. The problems, poor sanitation, disease and hunger may still be ignored or scoffed at, but they cannot be denied. The interest and aspiration of the communities till today remain largely unfulfilled in spite of the millions spent by the Federal and State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The concept of Community Driven Development (CDD) appears significant to be defined as having dwelt with the word Community Development connotes the gradual growth, which becomes more advanced and stronger when we plan, which is something that you intend to do or achieve over a particular period of time while Drives-to operate a vehicles so that it goes in a particular direction desired by the concerned group of individuals within the society. Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) is based on the assumption that community members are the best " experts " about their own health and social situations.

Scope of Journal

An analysis of the rainfall-runoff relationship and subsequently an assessment of relevant runoff... more An analysis of the rainfall-runoff relationship and subsequently an assessment of relevant runoff coefficients should best be based on actual, simultaneous measurements of both rainfall and runoff in the project area. Models that describe watershed hydrology are classified according to several criteria. A non-pressure rainfall simulator with a dimension of 22.9m by 2m and adjustable feet with minimum height of 1.5m was used for the research. The five runoff plots were set up to measure surface runoff for the five types of soil under controlled conditions. The plot was established directly in the project area with a slope size of 9%. The various types of soil were determined and excavated where necessary at 20cm depth and replaced with the current type of soil existing within the runoff plots. Based on the available parameters, three runoff equations were considered. The calculated values using the rational formula ranged between 0. 01 and 0.026; while for that of Izzard method, the values ranged between 0.212 and 0.458. It was concluded that if the slope of 6% is maintained the values of runoff coefficient will be the same as those that are in existence.

… Journal of Technology, 2009

The Zauro Polder Project (ZPP) was designed to irrigate over 11,000 ha of arable farmland in Kebb... more The Zauro Polder Project (ZPP) was designed to irrigate over 11,000 ha of arable farmland in Kebbi State. The area is equipped with a 2.65km flood protection dyke, 3.5m high, a temporary pumping station with a generator, a main canal which is connected to compensation reservoir four lateral canals and a collector drain. The source of water is man made diversion channel from the Rima River from which water is pumped into the scheme. In carrying out this study, the channel selected is not among those used for irrigation in the scheme. The channel ends were covered with metal sheets to prevent leakage. The slope was chosen to be 2:1 because of the soil type of the side, which is sandy clay loam. A total timing of 242 min was spent to obtain a total transmission loss of 123.65 mm/min. The rate of seepage loss at its parameters in which the highest transmission loss value is 15.72 mm/min was observed, in the second reading after the first reading of transmission loss value of 15.61 mm/min. The first transmission loss value of 14.94mm was observed in channel II and it gradually decreased to 2.93 after 4 hr 6 min.

There has been an increase in effort to reduce the reliance on petroleum fuels for energy generat... more There has been an increase in effort to reduce the reliance on petroleum fuels for energy generation and transportation throughout the world. Among the proposed alternative fuels is biodiesel. Over the years, a little attention was paid to the industrial use of palm oil. Laboratory tests such as viscosity, fire point, flash point, pour point and densities were conducted on raw palm oil and bleached palm oil using standard procedures. The flash points of palm oil and the bleached sample are 250 and 301°C while their fire points are 260 and 308°C while the flash and fire points of the SAE 40 and SAE 30 are 260/300(°C) and 243/290(°C) respectively. It was discovered that palm oil has a better prospect as lubricating oil if necessary improvements are made.

This study was conducted on sachet water samples mostly consumed in Minna Nigeria. Six types of s... more This study was conducted on sachet water samples mostly consumed in Minna Nigeria. Six types of sachet water samples were collected (A, B, C, D, E and F) and the six were randomly selected from the numerous sachet water factory in Minna. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of sachet water used as drinking water and domestic purpose by looking into the microbiological aspect and several physicochemical analyses such as turbidity, pH and total suspended solid (TSS). The microbiological analyses were performed to trace the presence of indicator organisms and pathogens such as Escherichia coli and total coliform count. However, the total coliforms and E. coli were detected to range between 0 and 43 cfu/100mL while the E. coli ranged between 0.00 and 7.00 cfu/100mL. The pH value was slightly alkaline (pH >6.5) but below 9.5 which within the recommended standards. The TSS for the samples ranged between 45 and 190 mg/L which were very low compared with the recommended values and the turbidity for all the samples were recorded below 2 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) thus, complying with the regulations. All the water samples were fit to be consumed except those with high values of E. coli and total coliform count.

Au Journal of Technology, Feb 1, 2009

A 16m by 10m aerated lagoon of depth 2.5m was designed for fish pond wastewater treatment. This w... more A 16m by 10m aerated lagoon of depth 2.5m was designed for fish pond wastewater treatment. This was done to encourage the recycling aquaculture system of wastewater management. A sedimentation tank of 5.5m surface diameter with a total volume of 367.92m 3 and side slope of 2:1 was also designed to take care of settleable solids in the wastewater. These were done after biological analysis of wastewater from a commercial fish farm has been done. From the analysis, the average ratio of fourhour permanganate value and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) was 1:5 which rendered the wastewater treatable by biological method (aerated lagoon). A diffused unit aerator of 3 hp compressor over a 50mm diameter pipe was also recommended with a retention period few days.

The search for renewable energy resources continues to attract attention in recent times as fossi... more The search for renewable energy resources continues to attract attention in recent times as fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal and natural gas, which are been used to meet the energy needs of man are associated with negative environmental impacts such as global warming. Biodiesel offered reduced exhaust emissions, improved biodegradability, reduced toxicity and higher carotene rating which can improve performance and clean up emissions. Standard methods were used to determine the physical and chemical properties of the oil, which includes the Density, Viscosity, flash/fire point, carbon residue, volatility and Specific Gravity were determined by chemical experimental analysis. The flash/fire points of the Heavy duty oil (SAE 40) and Light duty oil (SAE 30) is 260/300(°C) and 243/290(°C) respectively while the pour points of the samples are 22°C for palm kernel oil while 9°C and 21°C for SAE 40and SAE 30 respectively.

Open Journal of Modern Hydrology, 2012

The various physical mechanisms governing the dynamics of streamflow processes act on a seemingly... more The various physical mechanisms governing the dynamics of streamflow processes act on a seemingly wide range of temporal and spatial scales; almost all the mechanisms involved present some degree of nonlinearity. Against the backdrop of these issues, in this paper, attempt was made to critically look at the subject of Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) or volatility of streamflow processes, a form of nonlinear phenomena. Towards this end, streamflow data (both daily and monthly) of the River Benue, Nigeria were used for the study. Results obtained from the analyses indicate that the existence of conditional heteroscedasticity in streamflow processes is no paradox. Too, ARCH effect is caused by seasonal variation in the variance for monthly flows and could partly explain same in the daily streamflow. It was also evident that the traditional seasonal Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models are inadequate in describing ARCH effect in daily streamflow process though, robust for monthly streamflow; and can be removed if proper deseasonalisation pre-processing was done. Considering the findings, the potential for a hybrid Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) and Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH)type models should be further explored and probably embraced for modelling daily streamflow regime in view of the relevance of statistical modelling in hydrology.

Starting with an assumption of what appears to be true-that the so-called economic crisis in the ... more Starting with an assumption of what appears to be true-that the so-called economic crisis in the rural areas of Nigeria is now pretty well established as a fact of our age. The problems, poor sanitation, disease and hunger may still be ignored or scoffed at, but they cannot be denied. The interest and aspiration of the communities till today remain largely unfulfilled in spite of the millions spent by the Federal and State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The concept of Community Driven Development (CDD) appears significant to be defined as having dwelt with the word Community Development connotes the gradual growth, which becomes more advanced and stronger when we plan, which is something that you intend to do or achieve over a particular period of time while Drives-to operate a vehicles so that it goes in a particular direction desired by the concerned group of individuals within the society. Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) is based on the assumption that community members are the best " experts " about their own health and social situations.

Scope of Journal

An analysis of the rainfall-runoff relationship and subsequently an assessment of relevant runoff... more An analysis of the rainfall-runoff relationship and subsequently an assessment of relevant runoff coefficients should best be based on actual, simultaneous measurements of both rainfall and runoff in the project area. Models that describe watershed hydrology are classified according to several criteria. A non-pressure rainfall simulator with a dimension of 22.9m by 2m and adjustable feet with minimum height of 1.5m was used for the research. The five runoff plots were set up to measure surface runoff for the five types of soil under controlled conditions. The plot was established directly in the project area with a slope size of 9%. The various types of soil were determined and excavated where necessary at 20cm depth and replaced with the current type of soil existing within the runoff plots. Based on the available parameters, three runoff equations were considered. The calculated values using the rational formula ranged between 0. 01 and 0.026; while for that of Izzard method, the values ranged between 0.212 and 0.458. It was concluded that if the slope of 6% is maintained the values of runoff coefficient will be the same as those that are in existence.

… Journal of Technology, 2009

The Zauro Polder Project (ZPP) was designed to irrigate over 11,000 ha of arable farmland in Kebb... more The Zauro Polder Project (ZPP) was designed to irrigate over 11,000 ha of arable farmland in Kebbi State. The area is equipped with a 2.65km flood protection dyke, 3.5m high, a temporary pumping station with a generator, a main canal which is connected to compensation reservoir four lateral canals and a collector drain. The source of water is man made diversion channel from the Rima River from which water is pumped into the scheme. In carrying out this study, the channel selected is not among those used for irrigation in the scheme. The channel ends were covered with metal sheets to prevent leakage. The slope was chosen to be 2:1 because of the soil type of the side, which is sandy clay loam. A total timing of 242 min was spent to obtain a total transmission loss of 123.65 mm/min. The rate of seepage loss at its parameters in which the highest transmission loss value is 15.72 mm/min was observed, in the second reading after the first reading of transmission loss value of 15.61 mm/min. The first transmission loss value of 14.94mm was observed in channel II and it gradually decreased to 2.93 after 4 hr 6 min.