James Agajo | FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA-NIGERIA (original) (raw)

Papers by James Agajo

International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology, 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is an explosive technology that has enhanced the performance of sensor n... more Internet of Things (IoT) is an explosive technology that has enhanced the performance of sensor networks and transformed wireless communication through the interconnection of smart devices and cognitive systems. Despite the numerous innovative solutions and technological benefits realized by the adoption of IoT, some of the persistent challenges of the IoT smart technology design is the component integration issue (scalability) during the hardware design phase. Also, power consumption, interoperability difficulties, end-to-end communication lag, and quality of services (QoS) deterioration. This research therefore addresses these challenges by systematically investigating and analyzing the selected factors and relevant performance indicators. It also gives a clear and cohesive description of the proposed IoT design model together with the pertinent systemic component's communication. The design requirements and technical procedures for integrating embedded devices, sensor networks and wireless data communication for the enhancement of the proposed IoT architectural model is also elucidated in this work.

International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing, 2018

The wavelet packet transform as a mathematical tool has found recent application in spectrum sens... more The wavelet packet transform as a mathematical tool has found recent application in spectrum sensing. The result of this application has produced very promising results. Primarily, wavelets were designed for edge detection in images. Recently, cognitive radio literature have reported on wavelet application to detect sub-band frequency edges in wide band spectrum. In this paper, we present the combination of the Hilbert transform and the wavelet packet transform with the aim of enhancing the detection of the sub-band frequency edges of a wavelet-packet-decomposed signal. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this approach. The new scheme detected sub-band frequency edges of the wavelet-packet-decomposed signal much better than the wavelet packet transform without combination with the Hilbert transform.

The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, 2023

The dawn of conversational user interfaces, through which humans communicate with computers throu... more The dawn of conversational user interfaces, through which humans communicate with computers through voice audio, has been reached. Therefore, Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are required to focus not only on text but also on audio speeches. Keyword Extraction is a technique to extract key phrases out of a document which can provide summaries of the document and be used in text classification. Existing keyword extraction techniques have commonly been used on only text/typed datasets. With the advent of text data from speech recognition engines which are less accurate than typed texts, the suitability of keyword extraction is questionable. This paper evaluates the suitability of conventional keyword extraction methods on a speech-to-text corpus. A new audio dataset for keyword extraction is collected using the World Wide Web (WWW) corpus. The performances of Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction (RAKE) and TextRank are evaluated with different Stoplists on both the originally typed corpus and the corresponding Speech-To-Text (STT) corpus from the audio. Metrics of precision, recall, and F1 score was considered for the evaluation. From the obtained results, TextRank with the FOX Stoplist showed the highest performance on both the text and audio corpus, with F1 scores of 16.59% and 14.22%, respectively. Despite lagging behind text corpus, the recorded F1 score of the TextRank technique with audio corpus is significant enough for its adoption in audio conversation without much concern. However, the absence of punctuation during the STT affected the F1 score in all the techniques.

gazi university journal of science, Mar 29, 2021

Vegetation is a significant factor that affects the Quality of Service of radio waves. Several me... more Vegetation is a significant factor that affects the Quality of Service of radio waves. Several measurement campaigns have been conducted to predict the effect of trees on a radio wave at the micro and millimetre wavelengths. The experiments show that depth of vegetation is a major factor that contribute to signal attenuation. Furthermore, different components of the vegetation cause different behaviours of the radio wave. The empirical models did not put into to consideration the characteristics of the trees in the vegetation. The analytical approaches using wave theory have considered the vegetation characteristics, density and the geometry. This paper focuses on using existing models to characterise a vegetation based on measured parameters of a tree stand with a view to estimating the density of the foliage within a vegetation accurately. The foliage density will be used as the vegetation parameter in the wave theory model. Simulation of the signal attenuation will be conducted based on the density of the vegetation that will be estimated. The tree species selected for simulation are Pinus, Ash and Silver Birch tree species.

Water is essential for life. However, waste is a major problem in the world. Although, several re... more Water is essential for life. However, waste is a major problem in the world. Although, several research work have proposed the use of IoT as a solution to curb waste and achieve effective billing. However, in developing countries like Nigeria, the application of such technology is challenging since power or energy supply is often times erratic in nature. Taking Tunga Minna, Niger state Nigeria as a case study, it is observed that the rate of power outage is high. This will however, result to large loss of water consumption data that is supposed to be uploaded to the cloud via IoT platform. To reduce the level of outage, this study presents the design of a green IoT based water monitoring system for metropolitan area. The purpose of the design is to ensure minimum probability of outage. The scope of the design is limited to the hardware design. At the end, it is expected that a design with low probability of outage is achieved.

Journal of Water Resource and Protection

Meteorological droughts occur when there is deficiency in rainfall; i.e. rainfall availability is... more Meteorological droughts occur when there is deficiency in rainfall; i.e. rainfall availability is below some acclaimed normal values. Hence, the greater challenge is to be able to obtain suitable methods for assessing drought occurrence, its onset or initiation and termination. Thus, an attempt was made in this paper to evaluate the performance of Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardised Precipitation Anomaly Index (SPAI) to characterise drought in Northern Nigeria for purposes of comparison and eventual adoption of probable candidate index for the development of an Early Warning System. The findings indicated that despite the fact that the annual timescale may be long, it can be employed to obtain information on the temporal evolution of drought especially, regional behaviour. However, monthly timescale can be more appropriate if emphasis is on evaluating the effects of drought in situations relating to water supply, agriculture and groundwater abstractions. The SPAI can be employed for periodic rainfall time series though; it accentuates drought signatures and may not necessarily dampen high fluctuations due to implications of high climatic variability considering the stochastic nature and state transition of drought phenomena. On the other hand, the temporal evolution of SPI and SPAI were not coherent at different temporal accumulations with differences in fluctuations. However, despite the differences between the SPI and SPAI, generally at some timescales, for instance, 6-month accumulation, both spatial and temporal distributions of drought characteristics were seemingly consistent. In view of the observed shortcomings of both indices, especially the SPI, the Standardised Nonstationary Precipitation Index (SnsPI) should be looked into and too, other indexes that

2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME)

Computer Engineering and Applications Journal

Over the last three decades, the global population of human beings has increased at an exponentia... more Over the last three decades, the global population of human beings has increased at an exponential rate, resulting in an equal rise in the number of vehicles owned and used globally. Vehicle traffic is a major economic component in both urban and rural areas, and it requires proper management and monitoring to ensure that this mass of vehicles coexists as smoothly as possible. The amount of vehicular traffic on roads around the world, with Nigeria as a case study, results in varying degrees of traffic rule violations, especially red light jumping. To arrest offenders and resolve the weaknesses and failures of human traffic operators who cannot be everywhere at once, efficient traffic violation and number plate recognition systems are needed. There are several methods for reading characters, which can be alphabets, numbers, or alphanumeric. To minimize processing time and computational load on the machine, this research proposed k-Nearest Neighbour for plate number character recogni...

Asian Research Journal of Agriculture

The study assessed the farmers’ training needs on drought management strategies for improved crop... more The study assessed the farmers’ training needs on drought management strategies for improved crops and livestock production in Northern Nigeria Six Nigerian northern states were sampled based on the intensity of drought. 792 farmers were randomly selected for the study. Primary and secondary data were collected using questionnaire with trained enumerators. Validation of questionnaire for data collection and reliability test were carried out. The results revealed 38.5 years as the farmers’ mean age with household size of 9 persons. 84.5% of the farmers had formal education and average of 5.27ha of cultivated farm land. 80% of the farmers experienced reduction in crops’ yields and livestock production with higher income loss in livestock production. This is based on Adopter Perception Theory which argues that the adoption process starts with the perception that there is need to innovate. Researches had established that drought affect almost all agricultural activities. Finding reveale...

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies

The telecommunication system being a critical pillar of emergency management, intelligent deploym... more The telecommunication system being a critical pillar of emergency management, intelligent deployment and management of slices in an affected area will help emergency responders. Techniques such as automated management of Machine Learning (ML) pipelines across the edge and emergency responder devices, usage of hierarchical closed-loops, and offloading inference tasks closer to the edge can minimize latencies for first responders in case of emergencies. This study describes the major results from building a Proof of Concept (PoC) for network resource allocation for emergency management using a hierarchical autonomous Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ML-based closed-loops in the mobile network, organized by the Internal Telecommunication Union Focus Group on Autonomous Networks (ITU FG-AN). The background scenario for this PoC included the interaction between a higher closed-loop in the Operations Support System (OSS) and a lower closed-loop in Radio Access Network (RAN) to intelligently s...

2022 IEEE Nigeria 4th International Conference on Disruptive Technologies for Sustainable Development (NIGERCON)

2019 2nd International Conference of the IEEE Nigeria Computer Chapter (NigeriaComputConf)

In this paper, the mathematical models for a proposed novel modified Pastoralist Optimization Alg... more In this paper, the mathematical models for a proposed novel modified Pastoralist Optimization Algorithm (POA) called the Nomadic Pastoralist Optimization Algorithm (NPOA) inspired by the nomadic pastoralists herding strategies and cultural evolution strategy is presented. The nomadic pastoralist herding strategies which are scouting, camping, herding, splitting and merging were mathematically modeled. The mathematical models will be used to develop the proposed algorithm. The algorithm when developed will be tested on several benchmark functions to ascertain the algorithms exploration and exploitative ability. The performance will also be validated by comparing with POA and other popular and similar metaheuristic algorithms such as GOA, PSO, ABC, BBO and ICA

2022 IEEE Nigeria 4th International Conference on Disruptive Technologies for Sustainable Development (NIGERCON)

2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica

The function of the window is to provide comfort for the householders by regulating the indoor en... more The function of the window is to provide comfort for the householders by regulating the indoor environment. However, most of the residence windows are still controlled manually. Although, a quite number of automated windows based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has been proposed in the literature, yet a smart windows control with multi-objectives functions related to the environmental factors remain open gap. This paper aims to contribute to this area by developing a cyberphysical system (CPS) for smart room and windows automation control (SRWAC) using set of rules generated from the Petri Net simulator for determining the system response to the inputs data sensed from the indoor and outdoor sensing units (temperature, dust, rain, and carbon monoxide sensors) in coding Atmega 328 controller. We also simulate the window controller using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in Xilinx ISE. The results of the system tested show that automated response of the indoor and outdoor conditions can be achieved spontaneously.

Actualidades de la UIT, 2020

International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 2021

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design is a technological advancement in electronics that has... more Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design is a technological advancement in electronics that has widely shortened the window from concept to a working prototype in any design. It has also made it possible to design and develop sophisticated and intelligent electronic systems which are easily adaptable to any field of human endeavor with relative ease. In this paper, the VLSI design of a processor system is presented, which implements two transforms i.e. the discrete wavelet packet, and the Hilbert transforms. The combination of these two transforms in a single processor makes it possible to have a system with enhanced subband frequency edge detection in a wideband signal and other specialized areas, which is very useful in such specialized areas of application as spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. The results obtained from the simulation and design verification of the processor system showed the effectiveness of the design methodology presented in this paper. As a matter of fact, the arithmetic operators designed in this paper outperformed the arithmetic operators of the Xilinx IP CORE when compared in terms of speed. From the results obtained, it was clear that the processor design performed as expected, at a great speed.

Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 2021

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Nov 10, 2017

There are significant numbers of relevant research works available that concerns VHDL programming... more There are significant numbers of relevant research works available that concerns VHDL programming and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based hardware design, simulation and implementation. This is because; both the FPGA design and VHDL programming realization are quiet new and useful to accomplish various tasks in the field of research for digital system designed and development of miniaturized embedded system. It is found difficult to understand and put into practice by the learners in the tertiary institution, which still requires rapid training and development. In this paper, we design and demonstrate an FPGAlogic circuit using 4-bit BCD adders and parallel 4-bit comparator with a stepwise development of the vital soft logic design flow, simulation and timing analysis. It also presents an educational concept designed for complementing courses offered like FPGA prototype and ASIC design. This perception of FPGA-based design flow will facilitate learner's understanding, skills and it will provide detailed insights into various aspects of microelectronics, digital logic systems design and VHDL programming.

Journal of Communication and Computer, Jan 28, 2021

Implementing hardware design in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is a formidable task. Ther... more Implementing hardware design in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is a formidable task. There is more than one way to implement the digital FIR filter. Based on the design specification, careful choice of implementation method and tools can save a lot of time and work. MatLab is an excellent tool to design filters. There are toolboxes available to generate VHDL descriptions of the filters which reduce dramatically the time required to generate a solution. Time can be spent evaluating different implementation alternatives. Proper choice of the computation algorithms can help the FPGA architecture to make it efficient in terms of speed and/or area.

International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology, 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is an explosive technology that has enhanced the performance of sensor n... more Internet of Things (IoT) is an explosive technology that has enhanced the performance of sensor networks and transformed wireless communication through the interconnection of smart devices and cognitive systems. Despite the numerous innovative solutions and technological benefits realized by the adoption of IoT, some of the persistent challenges of the IoT smart technology design is the component integration issue (scalability) during the hardware design phase. Also, power consumption, interoperability difficulties, end-to-end communication lag, and quality of services (QoS) deterioration. This research therefore addresses these challenges by systematically investigating and analyzing the selected factors and relevant performance indicators. It also gives a clear and cohesive description of the proposed IoT design model together with the pertinent systemic component's communication. The design requirements and technical procedures for integrating embedded devices, sensor networks and wireless data communication for the enhancement of the proposed IoT architectural model is also elucidated in this work.

International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing, 2018

The wavelet packet transform as a mathematical tool has found recent application in spectrum sens... more The wavelet packet transform as a mathematical tool has found recent application in spectrum sensing. The result of this application has produced very promising results. Primarily, wavelets were designed for edge detection in images. Recently, cognitive radio literature have reported on wavelet application to detect sub-band frequency edges in wide band spectrum. In this paper, we present the combination of the Hilbert transform and the wavelet packet transform with the aim of enhancing the detection of the sub-band frequency edges of a wavelet-packet-decomposed signal. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this approach. The new scheme detected sub-band frequency edges of the wavelet-packet-decomposed signal much better than the wavelet packet transform without combination with the Hilbert transform.

The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, 2023

The dawn of conversational user interfaces, through which humans communicate with computers throu... more The dawn of conversational user interfaces, through which humans communicate with computers through voice audio, has been reached. Therefore, Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are required to focus not only on text but also on audio speeches. Keyword Extraction is a technique to extract key phrases out of a document which can provide summaries of the document and be used in text classification. Existing keyword extraction techniques have commonly been used on only text/typed datasets. With the advent of text data from speech recognition engines which are less accurate than typed texts, the suitability of keyword extraction is questionable. This paper evaluates the suitability of conventional keyword extraction methods on a speech-to-text corpus. A new audio dataset for keyword extraction is collected using the World Wide Web (WWW) corpus. The performances of Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction (RAKE) and TextRank are evaluated with different Stoplists on both the originally typed corpus and the corresponding Speech-To-Text (STT) corpus from the audio. Metrics of precision, recall, and F1 score was considered for the evaluation. From the obtained results, TextRank with the FOX Stoplist showed the highest performance on both the text and audio corpus, with F1 scores of 16.59% and 14.22%, respectively. Despite lagging behind text corpus, the recorded F1 score of the TextRank technique with audio corpus is significant enough for its adoption in audio conversation without much concern. However, the absence of punctuation during the STT affected the F1 score in all the techniques.

gazi university journal of science, Mar 29, 2021

Vegetation is a significant factor that affects the Quality of Service of radio waves. Several me... more Vegetation is a significant factor that affects the Quality of Service of radio waves. Several measurement campaigns have been conducted to predict the effect of trees on a radio wave at the micro and millimetre wavelengths. The experiments show that depth of vegetation is a major factor that contribute to signal attenuation. Furthermore, different components of the vegetation cause different behaviours of the radio wave. The empirical models did not put into to consideration the characteristics of the trees in the vegetation. The analytical approaches using wave theory have considered the vegetation characteristics, density and the geometry. This paper focuses on using existing models to characterise a vegetation based on measured parameters of a tree stand with a view to estimating the density of the foliage within a vegetation accurately. The foliage density will be used as the vegetation parameter in the wave theory model. Simulation of the signal attenuation will be conducted based on the density of the vegetation that will be estimated. The tree species selected for simulation are Pinus, Ash and Silver Birch tree species.

Water is essential for life. However, waste is a major problem in the world. Although, several re... more Water is essential for life. However, waste is a major problem in the world. Although, several research work have proposed the use of IoT as a solution to curb waste and achieve effective billing. However, in developing countries like Nigeria, the application of such technology is challenging since power or energy supply is often times erratic in nature. Taking Tunga Minna, Niger state Nigeria as a case study, it is observed that the rate of power outage is high. This will however, result to large loss of water consumption data that is supposed to be uploaded to the cloud via IoT platform. To reduce the level of outage, this study presents the design of a green IoT based water monitoring system for metropolitan area. The purpose of the design is to ensure minimum probability of outage. The scope of the design is limited to the hardware design. At the end, it is expected that a design with low probability of outage is achieved.

Journal of Water Resource and Protection

Meteorological droughts occur when there is deficiency in rainfall; i.e. rainfall availability is... more Meteorological droughts occur when there is deficiency in rainfall; i.e. rainfall availability is below some acclaimed normal values. Hence, the greater challenge is to be able to obtain suitable methods for assessing drought occurrence, its onset or initiation and termination. Thus, an attempt was made in this paper to evaluate the performance of Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardised Precipitation Anomaly Index (SPAI) to characterise drought in Northern Nigeria for purposes of comparison and eventual adoption of probable candidate index for the development of an Early Warning System. The findings indicated that despite the fact that the annual timescale may be long, it can be employed to obtain information on the temporal evolution of drought especially, regional behaviour. However, monthly timescale can be more appropriate if emphasis is on evaluating the effects of drought in situations relating to water supply, agriculture and groundwater abstractions. The SPAI can be employed for periodic rainfall time series though; it accentuates drought signatures and may not necessarily dampen high fluctuations due to implications of high climatic variability considering the stochastic nature and state transition of drought phenomena. On the other hand, the temporal evolution of SPI and SPAI were not coherent at different temporal accumulations with differences in fluctuations. However, despite the differences between the SPI and SPAI, generally at some timescales, for instance, 6-month accumulation, both spatial and temporal distributions of drought characteristics were seemingly consistent. In view of the observed shortcomings of both indices, especially the SPI, the Standardised Nonstationary Precipitation Index (SnsPI) should be looked into and too, other indexes that

2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME)

Computer Engineering and Applications Journal

Over the last three decades, the global population of human beings has increased at an exponentia... more Over the last three decades, the global population of human beings has increased at an exponential rate, resulting in an equal rise in the number of vehicles owned and used globally. Vehicle traffic is a major economic component in both urban and rural areas, and it requires proper management and monitoring to ensure that this mass of vehicles coexists as smoothly as possible. The amount of vehicular traffic on roads around the world, with Nigeria as a case study, results in varying degrees of traffic rule violations, especially red light jumping. To arrest offenders and resolve the weaknesses and failures of human traffic operators who cannot be everywhere at once, efficient traffic violation and number plate recognition systems are needed. There are several methods for reading characters, which can be alphabets, numbers, or alphanumeric. To minimize processing time and computational load on the machine, this research proposed k-Nearest Neighbour for plate number character recogni...

Asian Research Journal of Agriculture

The study assessed the farmers’ training needs on drought management strategies for improved crop... more The study assessed the farmers’ training needs on drought management strategies for improved crops and livestock production in Northern Nigeria Six Nigerian northern states were sampled based on the intensity of drought. 792 farmers were randomly selected for the study. Primary and secondary data were collected using questionnaire with trained enumerators. Validation of questionnaire for data collection and reliability test were carried out. The results revealed 38.5 years as the farmers’ mean age with household size of 9 persons. 84.5% of the farmers had formal education and average of 5.27ha of cultivated farm land. 80% of the farmers experienced reduction in crops’ yields and livestock production with higher income loss in livestock production. This is based on Adopter Perception Theory which argues that the adoption process starts with the perception that there is need to innovate. Researches had established that drought affect almost all agricultural activities. Finding reveale...

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies

The telecommunication system being a critical pillar of emergency management, intelligent deploym... more The telecommunication system being a critical pillar of emergency management, intelligent deployment and management of slices in an affected area will help emergency responders. Techniques such as automated management of Machine Learning (ML) pipelines across the edge and emergency responder devices, usage of hierarchical closed-loops, and offloading inference tasks closer to the edge can minimize latencies for first responders in case of emergencies. This study describes the major results from building a Proof of Concept (PoC) for network resource allocation for emergency management using a hierarchical autonomous Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ML-based closed-loops in the mobile network, organized by the Internal Telecommunication Union Focus Group on Autonomous Networks (ITU FG-AN). The background scenario for this PoC included the interaction between a higher closed-loop in the Operations Support System (OSS) and a lower closed-loop in Radio Access Network (RAN) to intelligently s...

2022 IEEE Nigeria 4th International Conference on Disruptive Technologies for Sustainable Development (NIGERCON)

2019 2nd International Conference of the IEEE Nigeria Computer Chapter (NigeriaComputConf)

In this paper, the mathematical models for a proposed novel modified Pastoralist Optimization Alg... more In this paper, the mathematical models for a proposed novel modified Pastoralist Optimization Algorithm (POA) called the Nomadic Pastoralist Optimization Algorithm (NPOA) inspired by the nomadic pastoralists herding strategies and cultural evolution strategy is presented. The nomadic pastoralist herding strategies which are scouting, camping, herding, splitting and merging were mathematically modeled. The mathematical models will be used to develop the proposed algorithm. The algorithm when developed will be tested on several benchmark functions to ascertain the algorithms exploration and exploitative ability. The performance will also be validated by comparing with POA and other popular and similar metaheuristic algorithms such as GOA, PSO, ABC, BBO and ICA

2022 IEEE Nigeria 4th International Conference on Disruptive Technologies for Sustainable Development (NIGERCON)

2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica

The function of the window is to provide comfort for the householders by regulating the indoor en... more The function of the window is to provide comfort for the householders by regulating the indoor environment. However, most of the residence windows are still controlled manually. Although, a quite number of automated windows based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has been proposed in the literature, yet a smart windows control with multi-objectives functions related to the environmental factors remain open gap. This paper aims to contribute to this area by developing a cyberphysical system (CPS) for smart room and windows automation control (SRWAC) using set of rules generated from the Petri Net simulator for determining the system response to the inputs data sensed from the indoor and outdoor sensing units (temperature, dust, rain, and carbon monoxide sensors) in coding Atmega 328 controller. We also simulate the window controller using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in Xilinx ISE. The results of the system tested show that automated response of the indoor and outdoor conditions can be achieved spontaneously.

Actualidades de la UIT, 2020

International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 2021

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design is a technological advancement in electronics that has... more Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design is a technological advancement in electronics that has widely shortened the window from concept to a working prototype in any design. It has also made it possible to design and develop sophisticated and intelligent electronic systems which are easily adaptable to any field of human endeavor with relative ease. In this paper, the VLSI design of a processor system is presented, which implements two transforms i.e. the discrete wavelet packet, and the Hilbert transforms. The combination of these two transforms in a single processor makes it possible to have a system with enhanced subband frequency edge detection in a wideband signal and other specialized areas, which is very useful in such specialized areas of application as spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. The results obtained from the simulation and design verification of the processor system showed the effectiveness of the design methodology presented in this paper. As a matter of fact, the arithmetic operators designed in this paper outperformed the arithmetic operators of the Xilinx IP CORE when compared in terms of speed. From the results obtained, it was clear that the processor design performed as expected, at a great speed.

Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 2021

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Nov 10, 2017

There are significant numbers of relevant research works available that concerns VHDL programming... more There are significant numbers of relevant research works available that concerns VHDL programming and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based hardware design, simulation and implementation. This is because; both the FPGA design and VHDL programming realization are quiet new and useful to accomplish various tasks in the field of research for digital system designed and development of miniaturized embedded system. It is found difficult to understand and put into practice by the learners in the tertiary institution, which still requires rapid training and development. In this paper, we design and demonstrate an FPGAlogic circuit using 4-bit BCD adders and parallel 4-bit comparator with a stepwise development of the vital soft logic design flow, simulation and timing analysis. It also presents an educational concept designed for complementing courses offered like FPGA prototype and ASIC design. This perception of FPGA-based design flow will facilitate learner's understanding, skills and it will provide detailed insights into various aspects of microelectronics, digital logic systems design and VHDL programming.

Journal of Communication and Computer, Jan 28, 2021

Implementing hardware design in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is a formidable task. Ther... more Implementing hardware design in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is a formidable task. There is more than one way to implement the digital FIR filter. Based on the design specification, careful choice of implementation method and tools can save a lot of time and work. MatLab is an excellent tool to design filters. There are toolboxes available to generate VHDL descriptions of the filters which reduce dramatically the time required to generate a solution. Time can be spent evaluating different implementation alternatives. Proper choice of the computation algorithms can help the FPGA architecture to make it efficient in terms of speed and/or area.