Ejem A . Ejem | FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI, NIGERIA (original) (raw)
Papers by Ejem A . Ejem
Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), May 17, 2022
Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering, 2021
This study investigates the quality of service provided for air travel in Nigeria and the level o... more This study investigates the quality of service provided for air travel in Nigeria and the level of satisfaction of passengers with the service encountered. It does so by focusing on both the airports and the airlines as service providers. In that way, the study captures much of the effects of the organizational culture, employee behavior, and general norms which influence passenger attitudes. The SERVQUAL model was used in measuring the five dimensions of service. Domestic travel only was studied, with data obtained from well-structured questionnaires to evaluate perception-expectation gaps in airports as well as in airlines. The overall gap score of the Nigerian airports shows an average airport quality of service with a value of 21.8179. This reveals that the perceived service quality is less than passengers' expectations in Nigerian airport service operations. In the same vein, the gap score of the Nigerian airlines shows an average airline quality-of-service gap with a value of 21.32, which is generally low. This means that the passengers or customers of the airlines during the response period were expecting more service quality from the airlines in the country. The level of service at Nigerian airports needs to be improved so as to encourage passengers to use the airports and as well reduce many queues at baggage collection areas. The air travel industry is currently challenged in a recessed economy resulting in lower service standards, lower patronage, increased missed trips, flight cancellations, passenger complaints, and faltering loyalty. The findings of the study will, therefore, be useful to the managers of airports and airlines, the economic regulator of the aviation industry, and other stakeholders.
Journal of sustainable development of transport and logistics, Dec 19, 2018
This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
Maritime Technology and Research, 2021
The International Regulations for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from ships (MARPOL 73/78) pr... more The International Regulations for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from ships (MARPOL 73/78) provided for the deployment of the oily-water separator (OWS) technology for the prevention of ship-based oily-water pollution in the marine ecosystem. Previous studies on the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of the OWS technology shows about 40 % failure rates and ineffective use; while also identifying a multiplicity of correlated factors constraining the effectiveness of the use of the technology onboard. To overcome the constraints posed by the identified factors to the effective use of the OWS technology requires a systems approach, which demands the determination of the dominant and significant factors constraining most, the effective use of the technology and prioritizing the elimination of the significant factors. The study used a survey design approach, employing primary data and the principal component factor analysis to determine the existence of about five principal fact...
LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, 2021
This paper is focused on solving the evaluation and selection of 3PL’s by applying multi-criteria... more This paper is focused on solving the evaluation and selection of 3PL’s by applying multi-criteria decision-making methods. Nigerian Breweries, Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC), AG Leventis, Kobo logistics, and Flour Mills of Nigeria (FMN) were understudied. The main criteria on which evaluation is based were established: Cost, Service level, Financial Capability, Reputation and Long-term relationship. A combination of two quantitative models was adopted in the study. Relevant data were collected through an oral interview with managers and key decision-makers at the companies. SWARA was first applied to the collated data to determine the relative weights of the criteria. Afterwards, the TOPSIS was applied to the weights developed using SWARA and on the performance of the selected service providers. After the analysis, the best service provider was identified as supplier 2 while the worst was supplier 5.
Journal of Research in National Development, 2008
This study investigated and assessed the critical resisting and driving factors related to TQM im... more This study investigated and assessed the critical resisting and driving factors related to TQM implementation in Nigerian transport organizations. Relevant literature in Total Quality Management were viewed to give relevance to the survey. Data for the study was collected via a well structured questionnaire and statistical analyses performed. We used Kruskal Wallis test (K-W) and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to state the similarities and dissimilarities among the transport organizations concerning the factors that promote or inhibit the introduction of TQM strategy. The findings of the survey reveals that resource limitations, organizational resistance to change and lack of government commitment inhibit TQM implementation while developing employees\' involvement, improving communication between labour and management, increasing customer orientation/feedback etc supports TQM implementation in the transport organizations sampled. The study revealed that transport managers should focus on those dimensions which strongly support TQM implementation and also showed how using Kruskal Wallis test and one analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify important attributes in TQM implementation could be used as an early warning system in evaluating what factors that inhibit TQM implementation thus being an important tool for the transport managers. This is a single industry (transport) survey thus raising doubts about the generalizability of the results. JORIND Vol. 4 (2) 2006: pp. 7-16
Transport & Logistics: The International Journal, Dec 30, 2020
This paper aims to assess the predictability of terminal airspace capacity. To deliver the requir... more This paper aims to assess the predictability of terminal airspace capacity. To deliver the required predictability and performance levels, it becomes imperative to determine the available LOS airport capacity effectively from daily operations time frames. Data needed for this study was collected from secondary sources-a survey of existing documents such as published flight strips of Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA). A modified version of Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was adopted in the paper. From the findings, the levels of the daily arrival and departure utilization score for a typical week ranges from 72-87%. The trend shows that all through the week the LOS airport experiences majorly zero airport performance score between the hours of 00.00 am to 2 am, with few international arrivals and departures from the hours of 00.00 am to 4 am. But from 4.01 am till midnight every day, the LOS airport has airport performance score ranging from 44% to 100%. Hence the airport is adjudged to be slightly underutilised. However, the airport performed better on Saturday with a utilisation score of 85%, and this is closely followed by Wednesday with a score of 84%. The least performance rating was seen on Sunday with a 78% score. For LOS airport current demand exceeds capacity, terminal capacity assessments should provide a framework for the most appropriate management of capacity with excess demand, capacity assessment can highlight the options for growth and the risks of over scheduling.
International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
This article investigates structural changes throughout time. Air demand is heavily influenced by... more This article investigates structural changes throughout time. Air demand is heavily influenced by fare and frequency. The focus of this research is primarily on structural alterations connected to these two elements. The idea that fare sensitivity has grown and frequency sensitivity has (roughly) reduced is explored in particular. It is critical to investigate the stability of the structure of air travel demand. Demand elasticities with these variables, as well as coefficient ratios, can be utilized to depict structural changes over time. While no particular temporal trends for scheduled flight time and fare impacts have been discovered, no structural changes relating to other factors have been discovered. From 2009 and 2013, we conducted paired sample t-tests for the important operational and economic factors of air travel demand, and there was no statistically significant variation in the parameter estimates. The ratios of frequency of flight and airline fares change over time, and all ratios of airlines have identical patterns-they rise or drop concurrently because frequency coefficients are more stable than pricing coefficients. Furthermore, changes in fare elasticities follow patterns comparable to changes in fare-to-frequency coefficient ratios. These adjustments are thus mostly driven by increases in fare sensitivity. This research provides a framework for airlines to evaluate demand on domestic routes and place their services by constructing a service positioning matrix to guarantee commercial sustainability.
Journal of management and science, Dec 31, 2022
The concept of Airport service quality is the judgment or rating that airport service consumers c... more The concept of Airport service quality is the judgment or rating that airport service consumers consisting majorly of air passengers and airlines develop and/ or place on consumed airport services, by comparing their pre service expectations with the post service perceptions, as a measure of the level of satisfaction derived from airport services. The above view was the expression of the SERQUAL model which determines service quality as the gap between consumer"s post service perception (P) and pre service expectation (E). By inference, airport service quality similar to service quality in other sectors is a function of the (i) service quality expectations of airport service consumers and their post service perception of service quality. Thus according to the SERQUAL and/or gap model of service quality (Q); Where: (i) E= Expectation of airport service consumers (customers) before consumption of a given airport service, and; (ii) P= Quality perception airport service consumers have about the service after consuming the airport service. This is measured based on the utility and/or level of satisfaction derived from the service. (iii) Q = Airport service quality.
Journal of Transportation Technologies
A firm's profitability is critical to its competitiveness and sustainability. This resear... more A firm's profitability is critical to its competitiveness and sustainability. This research looked at the elements that influence airline profitability in Nigeria. From 2005 to 2019, two airlines were picked, and their data were retrieved from Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA). From estimated quarterly panel data using E-views 8 and SPSS 22, the overall findings of the regression study demonstrate that with ROA used as a proxy for profitability, the R-square is 83.6 per cent and 89.4 per cent, respectively for Aero contractors and Medview airline, representing 83.6 per cent and 89.4 per cent of the changes in profitability of the Aero contractors and Medview in the sample, respectively, could be explained by changes in the study's independent variables, namely growth, liquidity, leverage, lease, tangibility, fuel cost and personnel cost. Besides the total of the explanatory variables, growth, leverage and tangibility are statically significant at a 5% level of significant Aero Contractors. Growth, leverage, leasing cost, fuel cost, and staff cost, on the other hand, are statistically significant at the 5% level of significance for Medview airlines. Profiteering, expansion, leverage, and tangibility are the primary activities of any airline firm. Lease cost, fuel cost, and staff cost show a statistically significant positive link with the profitability metric ROA. As a result, stakeholders of Nigerian airlines should prioritize profitability over other criteria in this study. Airline executives should do a comprehensive analysis of all potential elements impacting their company's profitability in the literature, including aspects other than economic variables. According to the findings of this study, political issues account for a greater proportion of the reasons why airlines fail in Nigeria.
Journal of Transportation Technologies
Sustainability was investigated in the ability to reliably anticipate airline market share, which... more Sustainability was investigated in the ability to reliably anticipate airline market share, which is critical for effective business strategy. As a result, a model was created to address the issue of airline market share across all Nigerian airport routes. The model took into account the explanatory variables average fares paid by various airlines passengers, number of competitors at each route, frequency of flight, and the total number of enplaned passengers. The model illustrated how it may be used to determine an airline's sustainability. It was observed that all of the parameters in the model were statistically significant and exhibited the predicted signs. As a result, the market share of Nigerian airlines can assess the sustainability of Nigerian airlines. As a result, it is proposed that the federal government and aviation regulatory bodies provide a level playing field to all commercial airline operators, without any kind of protectionism. Airlines' services should be completely deregulated, and the forces of perfect market competition should drive the airline's overall health. The government should provide a fair and supportive climate for airline operators as soon as possible. The ease of doing airline business must be implemented honestly and competitively. The degree of competition has a detrimental impact on the airline's market share, especially if the airline operates in a regulated market. As a result, perfect competition for the airline should be promoted.
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics, 2021
This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, 2021
The paper assessed road pavement damage caused by heavy goods vehicles and their associated costs... more The paper assessed road pavement damage caused by heavy goods vehicles and their associated costs. The paper adopted pavement damage estimation technique that combined the HERS and the AASHTO. The highway sections of Lokoja-Abuja, Ilorin-Jebba and Abakiliki-Ogoja via Mbok roads were selected and data were collected through an axle-load survey, automatic traffic count and from secondary sources. The Metrocount Executive software and Excel Ad-ons were used in analyzing the data. The damaging effects of the HGV are more severe at Lokoja-Abuja Road (with g = 0.30), followed by Ilorin-Jebba Road (with g = 0.35) and Abakiliki-Ogoja Road (with g = 0.43). The heaviest overload of 94% of the 6-axle vehicles from cement carrying trucks plying the Lokoja-Abuja road could explain this intense damaging effect on the road pavement. Upon aggregation, the benchmark average annual maintenance costs per kilometre in Nigeria stands at ₦143,182,853.55, while the average annual per-km maintenance costs attributed to Heavy Goods Vehicle traffic is ₦101,385,881.57. Thus, the unit damage cost per ESAL-km was computed as ₦5.65, ₦5.70 and ₦0.74 for Lokoja-Abuja, Ilorin-Jebba, and Abakiliki-Ogoja roads respectively. Hence, the benchmark per-equivalent single axle loads unit cost for the Nigerian roads is ₦4.03. This figure represents the benchmark damaging cost of overload per equivalent single axle loads (ESAL) on the Nigerian road. This becomes a basis for control of excessive axle-load violations on the Nigerian roads.
The study examined the development of port infrastructure and service quality in the Nigerian por... more The study examined the development of port infrastructure and service quality in the Nigerian ports from 2000-2019. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between quality of port infrastructure index on service quality vis a vis ship turnaround time and average time spent at berth. The paper used the method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis based on secondary data on quality of port infrastructure index, ship turnaround time and average time spent at berth obtained from Nigerian Ports Authority Abstract Statistic and World Economic Forum. Before the estimation of the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis, the variables were subjected to Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test to stabilize the data; and the result showed that all the variables were stationary to forestall spurious regression result. The estimated OLS results showed that the quality of port infrastructural has a negative and significant relationship with both ship turnaround time and average time spent at berth (service quality in the Nigerian ports). Based on the findings, the study recommended amongst others that, Nigeria ports should increase her investments in port infrastructure development in order to provide quality and efficient service to ports users.
Given the deficiency of many countries in achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDGs), the U... more Given the deficiency of many countries in achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDGs), the United Nations at its 2015 General Assembly, launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a new developmental strategy with a new terminal date for 2030. Countries including Nigeria, can effectively achieve most of the SDGs (reduce poverty by half, zero hunger and decent work and economic growth) if they emphasise the development of the nature, role and productivity of the private sector. This paper seeks to examine the general relevance of SDGs and assess the role of private sector in achieving SDGs in Nigeria. The methodology adopted is narrative textual; use was made of secondary sources of data to achieve this objective; It is found that, Nigeria is one among the 18 countries that are off track to halve multidimensional poverty by 2030. This is manifest in the high unemployment and dimensionally poor population (Poverty World Headquarters) among other factors, resulting to general low SDGs performance score. It also reveals that, the Nigerian SDGs implementare not strategic in the engagement of the private sector in the implementation of SDGs in Nigeria; low involvement of private sector in the national medium development plan, poor sensitization and awareness about SDGs among private sector operators leading to their non-inclusion of SDGs in the annual plans. It is recommended that, there should be increased strategic private sector engagement in SDGs implementation through awareness and conscious planning.
This article investigates structural changes throughout time. Air demand is heavily influenced by... more This article investigates structural changes throughout time. Air demand is heavily influenced by fare and frequency. The focus of this research is primarily on structural alterations connected to these two elements. The idea that fare sensitivity has grown and frequency sensitivity has (roughly) reduced is explored in particular. It is critical to investigate the stability of the structure of air travel demand. Demand elasticities with these variables, as well as coefficient ratios, can be utilized to depict structural changes over time. While no particular temporal trends for scheduled flight time and fare impacts have been discovered, no structural changes relating to other factors have been discovered. From 2009 and 2013, we conducted paired sample t-tests for the important operational and economic factors of air travel demand, and there was no statistically significant variation in the parameter estimates. The ratios of frequency of flight and airline fares change over time, and all ratios of airlines have identical patterns-they rise or drop concurrently because frequency coefficients are more stable than pricing coefficients. Furthermore, changes in fare elasticities follow patterns comparable to changes in fare-to-frequency coefficient ratios. These adjustments are thus mostly driven by increases in fare sensitivity. This research provides a framework for airlines to evaluate demand on domestic routes and place their services by constructing a service positioning matrix to guarantee commercial sustainability.
This paper studied the forecasting of air traffic of passengers at Nigeria airports to address th... more This paper studied the forecasting of air traffic of passengers at Nigeria airports to address the growth of traffic, evident effects on future airport activity levels for the enabling of airport planning cum decision making and to provide criteria for facility requirements, associated financial planning and funding as part of airport development. As air traffic of passengers experiences considerable growth and changes in increased air travel, year in and year out, the number of various kinds of passengers (e.g. arriving, departing, and transit) influences airport terminal capacity and facility needs. The modelling and forecasting in this paper provided for short and medium out-of-sample forecasts of possible successive monthly and quarterly air traffic of passengers in Nigeria airports collectively for two markets geographical segments: Domestic and International air travel. The following time series models were utilized in this study: Winter's Triple Exponential Smoothing (TESMTH), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), AirLine-Model, and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). The forecast accuracy of each model was assessed using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) criteria. It also investigated if merging forecasts from all models improved predicting accuracy. This section of the study was completed using the Combination of Forecasts Technique: Simple Averaging Method. The findings showed that the majority of our models gave accurate projections for the specified market, with MAPE and RMSE errors being less than 10% on average. The study evaluated forecast accuracy to determine the marketability of a model to avoid the traps caused by inaccurate forecast information. Furthermore, the combination of Estimates from Single Models surpassed several of the specific single model forecasts. Finally, these findings should urge the Nigerian government, the Nigerian air transport sector, and academia to address growth and current implications on future airport activity levels for airport planning and decision making.
A firm's profitability is critical to its competitiveness and sustainability. This research looke... more A firm's profitability is critical to its competitiveness and sustainability. This research looked at the elements that influence airline profitability in Nigeria. From 2005 to 2019, two airlines were picked, and their data were retrieved from Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA). From estimated quarterly panel data using E-views 8 and SPSS 22, the overall findings of the regression study demonstrate that with ROA used as a proxy for profitability, the R-square is 83.6 per cent and 89.4 per cent, respectively for Aero contractors and Medview airline, representing 83.6 per cent and 89.4 per cent of the changes in profitability of the Aero contractors and Medview in the sample, respectively, could be explained by changes in the study's independent variables, namely growth, liquidity, leverage, lease, tangibility, fuel cost and personnel cost. Besides the total of the explanatory variables, growth, leverage and tangibility are statically significant at a 5% level of significant Aero Contractors. Growth, leverage, leasing cost, fuel cost, and staff cost, on the other hand, are statistically significant at the 5% level of significance for Medview airlines. Profiteering, expansion, leverage, and tangibility are the primary activities of any airline firm. Lease cost, fuel cost, and staff cost show a statistically significant positive link with the profitability metric ROA. As a result, stakeholders of Nigerian airlines should prioritize profitability over other criteria in this study. Airline executives should do a comprehensive analysis of all potential elements impacting their company's profitability in the literature, including aspects other than economic variables. According to the findings of this study, political issues account for a greater proportion of the reasons why airlines fail in Nigeria.
The concept of Airport service quality is the judgment or rating that airport service consumers c... more The concept of Airport service quality is the judgment or rating that airport service consumers consisting majorly of air passengers and airlines develop and/ or place on consumed airport services, by comparing their pre service expectations with the post service perceptions, as a measure of the level of satisfaction derived from airport services. The above view was the expression of the SERQUAL model which determines service quality as the gap between consumer"s post service perception (P) and pre service expectation (E). By inference, airport service quality similar to service quality in other sectors is a function of the (i) service quality expectations of airport service consumers and their post service perception of service quality. Thus according to the SERQUAL and/or gap model of service quality (Q); Where: (i) E= Expectation of airport service consumers (customers) before consumption of a given airport service, and; (ii) P= Quality perception airport service consumers have about the service after consuming the airport service. This is measured based on the utility and/or level of satisfaction derived from the service. (iii) Q = Airport service quality.
Sustainability was investigated in the ability to reliably anticipate airline market share, which... more Sustainability was investigated in the ability to reliably anticipate airline market share, which is critical for effective business strategy. As a result, a model was created to address the issue of airline market share across all Nigerian airport routes. The model took into account the explanatory variables average fares paid by various airlines passengers, number of competitors at each route, frequency of flight, and the total number of enplaned passengers. The model illustrated how it may be used to determine an airline's sustainability. It was observed that all of the parameters in the model were statistically significant and exhibited the predicted signs. As a result, the market share of Nigerian airlines can assess the sustainability of Nigerian airlines. As a result, it is proposed that the federal government and aviation regulatory bodies provide a level playing field to all commercial airline operators, without any kind of protectionism. Airlines' services should be completely deregulated, and the forces of perfect market competition should drive the airline's overall health. The government should provide a fair and supportive climate for airline operators as soon as possible. The ease of doing airline business must be implemented honestly and competitively. The degree of competition has a detrimental impact on the airline's market share, especially if the airline operates in a regulated market. As a result, perfect competition for the airline should be promoted.
Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), May 17, 2022
Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering, 2021
This study investigates the quality of service provided for air travel in Nigeria and the level o... more This study investigates the quality of service provided for air travel in Nigeria and the level of satisfaction of passengers with the service encountered. It does so by focusing on both the airports and the airlines as service providers. In that way, the study captures much of the effects of the organizational culture, employee behavior, and general norms which influence passenger attitudes. The SERVQUAL model was used in measuring the five dimensions of service. Domestic travel only was studied, with data obtained from well-structured questionnaires to evaluate perception-expectation gaps in airports as well as in airlines. The overall gap score of the Nigerian airports shows an average airport quality of service with a value of 21.8179. This reveals that the perceived service quality is less than passengers' expectations in Nigerian airport service operations. In the same vein, the gap score of the Nigerian airlines shows an average airline quality-of-service gap with a value of 21.32, which is generally low. This means that the passengers or customers of the airlines during the response period were expecting more service quality from the airlines in the country. The level of service at Nigerian airports needs to be improved so as to encourage passengers to use the airports and as well reduce many queues at baggage collection areas. The air travel industry is currently challenged in a recessed economy resulting in lower service standards, lower patronage, increased missed trips, flight cancellations, passenger complaints, and faltering loyalty. The findings of the study will, therefore, be useful to the managers of airports and airlines, the economic regulator of the aviation industry, and other stakeholders.
Journal of sustainable development of transport and logistics, Dec 19, 2018
This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
Maritime Technology and Research, 2021
The International Regulations for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from ships (MARPOL 73/78) pr... more The International Regulations for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from ships (MARPOL 73/78) provided for the deployment of the oily-water separator (OWS) technology for the prevention of ship-based oily-water pollution in the marine ecosystem. Previous studies on the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of the OWS technology shows about 40 % failure rates and ineffective use; while also identifying a multiplicity of correlated factors constraining the effectiveness of the use of the technology onboard. To overcome the constraints posed by the identified factors to the effective use of the OWS technology requires a systems approach, which demands the determination of the dominant and significant factors constraining most, the effective use of the technology and prioritizing the elimination of the significant factors. The study used a survey design approach, employing primary data and the principal component factor analysis to determine the existence of about five principal fact...
LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, 2021
This paper is focused on solving the evaluation and selection of 3PL’s by applying multi-criteria... more This paper is focused on solving the evaluation and selection of 3PL’s by applying multi-criteria decision-making methods. Nigerian Breweries, Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC), AG Leventis, Kobo logistics, and Flour Mills of Nigeria (FMN) were understudied. The main criteria on which evaluation is based were established: Cost, Service level, Financial Capability, Reputation and Long-term relationship. A combination of two quantitative models was adopted in the study. Relevant data were collected through an oral interview with managers and key decision-makers at the companies. SWARA was first applied to the collated data to determine the relative weights of the criteria. Afterwards, the TOPSIS was applied to the weights developed using SWARA and on the performance of the selected service providers. After the analysis, the best service provider was identified as supplier 2 while the worst was supplier 5.
Journal of Research in National Development, 2008
This study investigated and assessed the critical resisting and driving factors related to TQM im... more This study investigated and assessed the critical resisting and driving factors related to TQM implementation in Nigerian transport organizations. Relevant literature in Total Quality Management were viewed to give relevance to the survey. Data for the study was collected via a well structured questionnaire and statistical analyses performed. We used Kruskal Wallis test (K-W) and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to state the similarities and dissimilarities among the transport organizations concerning the factors that promote or inhibit the introduction of TQM strategy. The findings of the survey reveals that resource limitations, organizational resistance to change and lack of government commitment inhibit TQM implementation while developing employees\' involvement, improving communication between labour and management, increasing customer orientation/feedback etc supports TQM implementation in the transport organizations sampled. The study revealed that transport managers should focus on those dimensions which strongly support TQM implementation and also showed how using Kruskal Wallis test and one analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify important attributes in TQM implementation could be used as an early warning system in evaluating what factors that inhibit TQM implementation thus being an important tool for the transport managers. This is a single industry (transport) survey thus raising doubts about the generalizability of the results. JORIND Vol. 4 (2) 2006: pp. 7-16
Transport & Logistics: The International Journal, Dec 30, 2020
This paper aims to assess the predictability of terminal airspace capacity. To deliver the requir... more This paper aims to assess the predictability of terminal airspace capacity. To deliver the required predictability and performance levels, it becomes imperative to determine the available LOS airport capacity effectively from daily operations time frames. Data needed for this study was collected from secondary sources-a survey of existing documents such as published flight strips of Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA). A modified version of Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was adopted in the paper. From the findings, the levels of the daily arrival and departure utilization score for a typical week ranges from 72-87%. The trend shows that all through the week the LOS airport experiences majorly zero airport performance score between the hours of 00.00 am to 2 am, with few international arrivals and departures from the hours of 00.00 am to 4 am. But from 4.01 am till midnight every day, the LOS airport has airport performance score ranging from 44% to 100%. Hence the airport is adjudged to be slightly underutilised. However, the airport performed better on Saturday with a utilisation score of 85%, and this is closely followed by Wednesday with a score of 84%. The least performance rating was seen on Sunday with a 78% score. For LOS airport current demand exceeds capacity, terminal capacity assessments should provide a framework for the most appropriate management of capacity with excess demand, capacity assessment can highlight the options for growth and the risks of over scheduling.
International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
This article investigates structural changes throughout time. Air demand is heavily influenced by... more This article investigates structural changes throughout time. Air demand is heavily influenced by fare and frequency. The focus of this research is primarily on structural alterations connected to these two elements. The idea that fare sensitivity has grown and frequency sensitivity has (roughly) reduced is explored in particular. It is critical to investigate the stability of the structure of air travel demand. Demand elasticities with these variables, as well as coefficient ratios, can be utilized to depict structural changes over time. While no particular temporal trends for scheduled flight time and fare impacts have been discovered, no structural changes relating to other factors have been discovered. From 2009 and 2013, we conducted paired sample t-tests for the important operational and economic factors of air travel demand, and there was no statistically significant variation in the parameter estimates. The ratios of frequency of flight and airline fares change over time, and all ratios of airlines have identical patterns-they rise or drop concurrently because frequency coefficients are more stable than pricing coefficients. Furthermore, changes in fare elasticities follow patterns comparable to changes in fare-to-frequency coefficient ratios. These adjustments are thus mostly driven by increases in fare sensitivity. This research provides a framework for airlines to evaluate demand on domestic routes and place their services by constructing a service positioning matrix to guarantee commercial sustainability.
Journal of management and science, Dec 31, 2022
The concept of Airport service quality is the judgment or rating that airport service consumers c... more The concept of Airport service quality is the judgment or rating that airport service consumers consisting majorly of air passengers and airlines develop and/ or place on consumed airport services, by comparing their pre service expectations with the post service perceptions, as a measure of the level of satisfaction derived from airport services. The above view was the expression of the SERQUAL model which determines service quality as the gap between consumer"s post service perception (P) and pre service expectation (E). By inference, airport service quality similar to service quality in other sectors is a function of the (i) service quality expectations of airport service consumers and their post service perception of service quality. Thus according to the SERQUAL and/or gap model of service quality (Q); Where: (i) E= Expectation of airport service consumers (customers) before consumption of a given airport service, and; (ii) P= Quality perception airport service consumers have about the service after consuming the airport service. This is measured based on the utility and/or level of satisfaction derived from the service. (iii) Q = Airport service quality.
Journal of Transportation Technologies
A firm's profitability is critical to its competitiveness and sustainability. This resear... more A firm's profitability is critical to its competitiveness and sustainability. This research looked at the elements that influence airline profitability in Nigeria. From 2005 to 2019, two airlines were picked, and their data were retrieved from Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA). From estimated quarterly panel data using E-views 8 and SPSS 22, the overall findings of the regression study demonstrate that with ROA used as a proxy for profitability, the R-square is 83.6 per cent and 89.4 per cent, respectively for Aero contractors and Medview airline, representing 83.6 per cent and 89.4 per cent of the changes in profitability of the Aero contractors and Medview in the sample, respectively, could be explained by changes in the study's independent variables, namely growth, liquidity, leverage, lease, tangibility, fuel cost and personnel cost. Besides the total of the explanatory variables, growth, leverage and tangibility are statically significant at a 5% level of significant Aero Contractors. Growth, leverage, leasing cost, fuel cost, and staff cost, on the other hand, are statistically significant at the 5% level of significance for Medview airlines. Profiteering, expansion, leverage, and tangibility are the primary activities of any airline firm. Lease cost, fuel cost, and staff cost show a statistically significant positive link with the profitability metric ROA. As a result, stakeholders of Nigerian airlines should prioritize profitability over other criteria in this study. Airline executives should do a comprehensive analysis of all potential elements impacting their company's profitability in the literature, including aspects other than economic variables. According to the findings of this study, political issues account for a greater proportion of the reasons why airlines fail in Nigeria.
Journal of Transportation Technologies
Sustainability was investigated in the ability to reliably anticipate airline market share, which... more Sustainability was investigated in the ability to reliably anticipate airline market share, which is critical for effective business strategy. As a result, a model was created to address the issue of airline market share across all Nigerian airport routes. The model took into account the explanatory variables average fares paid by various airlines passengers, number of competitors at each route, frequency of flight, and the total number of enplaned passengers. The model illustrated how it may be used to determine an airline's sustainability. It was observed that all of the parameters in the model were statistically significant and exhibited the predicted signs. As a result, the market share of Nigerian airlines can assess the sustainability of Nigerian airlines. As a result, it is proposed that the federal government and aviation regulatory bodies provide a level playing field to all commercial airline operators, without any kind of protectionism. Airlines' services should be completely deregulated, and the forces of perfect market competition should drive the airline's overall health. The government should provide a fair and supportive climate for airline operators as soon as possible. The ease of doing airline business must be implemented honestly and competitively. The degree of competition has a detrimental impact on the airline's market share, especially if the airline operates in a regulated market. As a result, perfect competition for the airline should be promoted.
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics, 2021
This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, 2021
The paper assessed road pavement damage caused by heavy goods vehicles and their associated costs... more The paper assessed road pavement damage caused by heavy goods vehicles and their associated costs. The paper adopted pavement damage estimation technique that combined the HERS and the AASHTO. The highway sections of Lokoja-Abuja, Ilorin-Jebba and Abakiliki-Ogoja via Mbok roads were selected and data were collected through an axle-load survey, automatic traffic count and from secondary sources. The Metrocount Executive software and Excel Ad-ons were used in analyzing the data. The damaging effects of the HGV are more severe at Lokoja-Abuja Road (with g = 0.30), followed by Ilorin-Jebba Road (with g = 0.35) and Abakiliki-Ogoja Road (with g = 0.43). The heaviest overload of 94% of the 6-axle vehicles from cement carrying trucks plying the Lokoja-Abuja road could explain this intense damaging effect on the road pavement. Upon aggregation, the benchmark average annual maintenance costs per kilometre in Nigeria stands at ₦143,182,853.55, while the average annual per-km maintenance costs attributed to Heavy Goods Vehicle traffic is ₦101,385,881.57. Thus, the unit damage cost per ESAL-km was computed as ₦5.65, ₦5.70 and ₦0.74 for Lokoja-Abuja, Ilorin-Jebba, and Abakiliki-Ogoja roads respectively. Hence, the benchmark per-equivalent single axle loads unit cost for the Nigerian roads is ₦4.03. This figure represents the benchmark damaging cost of overload per equivalent single axle loads (ESAL) on the Nigerian road. This becomes a basis for control of excessive axle-load violations on the Nigerian roads.
The study examined the development of port infrastructure and service quality in the Nigerian por... more The study examined the development of port infrastructure and service quality in the Nigerian ports from 2000-2019. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between quality of port infrastructure index on service quality vis a vis ship turnaround time and average time spent at berth. The paper used the method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis based on secondary data on quality of port infrastructure index, ship turnaround time and average time spent at berth obtained from Nigerian Ports Authority Abstract Statistic and World Economic Forum. Before the estimation of the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis, the variables were subjected to Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test to stabilize the data; and the result showed that all the variables were stationary to forestall spurious regression result. The estimated OLS results showed that the quality of port infrastructural has a negative and significant relationship with both ship turnaround time and average time spent at berth (service quality in the Nigerian ports). Based on the findings, the study recommended amongst others that, Nigeria ports should increase her investments in port infrastructure development in order to provide quality and efficient service to ports users.
Given the deficiency of many countries in achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDGs), the U... more Given the deficiency of many countries in achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDGs), the United Nations at its 2015 General Assembly, launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a new developmental strategy with a new terminal date for 2030. Countries including Nigeria, can effectively achieve most of the SDGs (reduce poverty by half, zero hunger and decent work and economic growth) if they emphasise the development of the nature, role and productivity of the private sector. This paper seeks to examine the general relevance of SDGs and assess the role of private sector in achieving SDGs in Nigeria. The methodology adopted is narrative textual; use was made of secondary sources of data to achieve this objective; It is found that, Nigeria is one among the 18 countries that are off track to halve multidimensional poverty by 2030. This is manifest in the high unemployment and dimensionally poor population (Poverty World Headquarters) among other factors, resulting to general low SDGs performance score. It also reveals that, the Nigerian SDGs implementare not strategic in the engagement of the private sector in the implementation of SDGs in Nigeria; low involvement of private sector in the national medium development plan, poor sensitization and awareness about SDGs among private sector operators leading to their non-inclusion of SDGs in the annual plans. It is recommended that, there should be increased strategic private sector engagement in SDGs implementation through awareness and conscious planning.
This article investigates structural changes throughout time. Air demand is heavily influenced by... more This article investigates structural changes throughout time. Air demand is heavily influenced by fare and frequency. The focus of this research is primarily on structural alterations connected to these two elements. The idea that fare sensitivity has grown and frequency sensitivity has (roughly) reduced is explored in particular. It is critical to investigate the stability of the structure of air travel demand. Demand elasticities with these variables, as well as coefficient ratios, can be utilized to depict structural changes over time. While no particular temporal trends for scheduled flight time and fare impacts have been discovered, no structural changes relating to other factors have been discovered. From 2009 and 2013, we conducted paired sample t-tests for the important operational and economic factors of air travel demand, and there was no statistically significant variation in the parameter estimates. The ratios of frequency of flight and airline fares change over time, and all ratios of airlines have identical patterns-they rise or drop concurrently because frequency coefficients are more stable than pricing coefficients. Furthermore, changes in fare elasticities follow patterns comparable to changes in fare-to-frequency coefficient ratios. These adjustments are thus mostly driven by increases in fare sensitivity. This research provides a framework for airlines to evaluate demand on domestic routes and place their services by constructing a service positioning matrix to guarantee commercial sustainability.
This paper studied the forecasting of air traffic of passengers at Nigeria airports to address th... more This paper studied the forecasting of air traffic of passengers at Nigeria airports to address the growth of traffic, evident effects on future airport activity levels for the enabling of airport planning cum decision making and to provide criteria for facility requirements, associated financial planning and funding as part of airport development. As air traffic of passengers experiences considerable growth and changes in increased air travel, year in and year out, the number of various kinds of passengers (e.g. arriving, departing, and transit) influences airport terminal capacity and facility needs. The modelling and forecasting in this paper provided for short and medium out-of-sample forecasts of possible successive monthly and quarterly air traffic of passengers in Nigeria airports collectively for two markets geographical segments: Domestic and International air travel. The following time series models were utilized in this study: Winter's Triple Exponential Smoothing (TESMTH), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), AirLine-Model, and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). The forecast accuracy of each model was assessed using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) criteria. It also investigated if merging forecasts from all models improved predicting accuracy. This section of the study was completed using the Combination of Forecasts Technique: Simple Averaging Method. The findings showed that the majority of our models gave accurate projections for the specified market, with MAPE and RMSE errors being less than 10% on average. The study evaluated forecast accuracy to determine the marketability of a model to avoid the traps caused by inaccurate forecast information. Furthermore, the combination of Estimates from Single Models surpassed several of the specific single model forecasts. Finally, these findings should urge the Nigerian government, the Nigerian air transport sector, and academia to address growth and current implications on future airport activity levels for airport planning and decision making.
A firm's profitability is critical to its competitiveness and sustainability. This research looke... more A firm's profitability is critical to its competitiveness and sustainability. This research looked at the elements that influence airline profitability in Nigeria. From 2005 to 2019, two airlines were picked, and their data were retrieved from Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA). From estimated quarterly panel data using E-views 8 and SPSS 22, the overall findings of the regression study demonstrate that with ROA used as a proxy for profitability, the R-square is 83.6 per cent and 89.4 per cent, respectively for Aero contractors and Medview airline, representing 83.6 per cent and 89.4 per cent of the changes in profitability of the Aero contractors and Medview in the sample, respectively, could be explained by changes in the study's independent variables, namely growth, liquidity, leverage, lease, tangibility, fuel cost and personnel cost. Besides the total of the explanatory variables, growth, leverage and tangibility are statically significant at a 5% level of significant Aero Contractors. Growth, leverage, leasing cost, fuel cost, and staff cost, on the other hand, are statistically significant at the 5% level of significance for Medview airlines. Profiteering, expansion, leverage, and tangibility are the primary activities of any airline firm. Lease cost, fuel cost, and staff cost show a statistically significant positive link with the profitability metric ROA. As a result, stakeholders of Nigerian airlines should prioritize profitability over other criteria in this study. Airline executives should do a comprehensive analysis of all potential elements impacting their company's profitability in the literature, including aspects other than economic variables. According to the findings of this study, political issues account for a greater proportion of the reasons why airlines fail in Nigeria.
The concept of Airport service quality is the judgment or rating that airport service consumers c... more The concept of Airport service quality is the judgment or rating that airport service consumers consisting majorly of air passengers and airlines develop and/ or place on consumed airport services, by comparing their pre service expectations with the post service perceptions, as a measure of the level of satisfaction derived from airport services. The above view was the expression of the SERQUAL model which determines service quality as the gap between consumer"s post service perception (P) and pre service expectation (E). By inference, airport service quality similar to service quality in other sectors is a function of the (i) service quality expectations of airport service consumers and their post service perception of service quality. Thus according to the SERQUAL and/or gap model of service quality (Q); Where: (i) E= Expectation of airport service consumers (customers) before consumption of a given airport service, and; (ii) P= Quality perception airport service consumers have about the service after consuming the airport service. This is measured based on the utility and/or level of satisfaction derived from the service. (iii) Q = Airport service quality.
Sustainability was investigated in the ability to reliably anticipate airline market share, which... more Sustainability was investigated in the ability to reliably anticipate airline market share, which is critical for effective business strategy. As a result, a model was created to address the issue of airline market share across all Nigerian airport routes. The model took into account the explanatory variables average fares paid by various airlines passengers, number of competitors at each route, frequency of flight, and the total number of enplaned passengers. The model illustrated how it may be used to determine an airline's sustainability. It was observed that all of the parameters in the model were statistically significant and exhibited the predicted signs. As a result, the market share of Nigerian airlines can assess the sustainability of Nigerian airlines. As a result, it is proposed that the federal government and aviation regulatory bodies provide a level playing field to all commercial airline operators, without any kind of protectionism. Airlines' services should be completely deregulated, and the forces of perfect market competition should drive the airline's overall health. The government should provide a fair and supportive climate for airline operators as soon as possible. The ease of doing airline business must be implemented honestly and competitively. The degree of competition has a detrimental impact on the airline's market share, especially if the airline operates in a regulated market. As a result, perfect competition for the airline should be promoted.