Gordon T amangabara | FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI (FUTO) (original) (raw)
Papers by Gordon T amangabara
AGUSM, May 1, 2006
There are two main drainage rivers in the Port Harcourt Metropolis - The Ntamogba and the Woji cr... more There are two main drainage rivers in the Port Harcourt Metropolis - The Ntamogba and the Woji creek (Abam, 2004). There are a few other drainage rivers that are equally important e.g. the Nwaja River that drains Rumukalagbor, Elekahia, New GRA Phases IV and V, Presidential Housing Estate and Sun Ray publications Area of Aba Road. These river systems drain the entire Port Harcourt City dividing the City into three major drainage zones. Since the discovery of oil in Nigeria in the 1950s, the country has been suffering the negative environmental consequences of oil development. The growth of the country's oil industry, combined with population explosion and a lack of environmental regulations, led to substantial damage to Nigeria's environment, especially in the Niger Delta region, the center of the country's oil industry. Uncontrolled population movement as well as spontaneous housing development on marginal lands such as stream corridors, has led to the degradation of all major stream channels in the Nation's oil capital - Port Harcourt City. The longitudinal profiles and cross sections of reaches of three major streams (Ntamogba, Nwaja, and Oginigba streams) were investigated. Land use maps of 1979 1999 and 2004 were used. Our result showed that 1). Almost all of the stream corridors have been built up without adequate plan 2). The natural grades have been distorted by channelisation for the purpose of flood evacuation without geomorphic consideration .3). Our research also shows that the interface of saline water and fresh water has extended upstream affecting urban infrastructure. 4) localized damming and sedimentation behind hydraulic structures were common occurrences) our overall result indicate that two episodes of channel incision on Oginigba stream had increased slope reduced sinuosity increased entrenchment and reduce width-depth ratio . Conclusively the factors of the instability of theses urban streams are manly the processes of urbanization which include waste dumping channelisation and unregulated housing development in the channel corridors. KEY WORDS: stream instability, marginal lands, stream corridor, saline environment, spontaneous, geomorphic, channelisation
International journal of science & technoledge, Aug 31, 2019
Soil is essentially a non-renewable resource and a very dynamic system which performs many functi... more Soil is essentially a non-renewable resource and a very dynamic system which performs many functions and delivers service vital to human activities and ecosystems survival (European Commission, 2006). However, this importance relating directly to soil status and availability has created a severe struggle among environmental, social, and economic benefits (Viglizzo, Parure, Latera and Jobbagy; 2012) even as humans have attempted to more effectively understand the complex relationships between variables explaining soil degradation. Abegunde, Adeyinka, Olawuni and Oluodo (2006) defined soil erosion as the gradual washing away of soil through the agents of denudation which include, man, wind and water These denudating agents' loose, wear away and transport soil particles from one location to another as deposit. This occurs primarily when the velocity of the water is able to create shear strength great enough to overcome the cohesion between the soil particles, and is commonly worsened when the level of water flow cannot be adequately infiltrated into the surface. This buildup of unabsorbed water can occur due to multiple factors but is initially driven by causes such as rainfall and runoff accumulation. Multiple biotic and abiotic factors can be related to the amount of soil erosion likely to occur in a given location. For example, various soil types and textures are more prone to erosion. Soils with a high level of clay have been typically thought to erode less due to the strong bond present between each individual particle. On the other hand, soil with more fine sand will erode more easily (Dvořák & Novák, 1994) and therefore makes that zone more susceptible to water erosion. Erosion is also more likely to occur on sloped areas rather than in flat valley floors as water erosion from runoff is driven by a gravitational force. Additionally, studies have found that soil erosion speeds are reduced exponentially with regards to vegetative cover (Gyssels, Poessen, Bochet and Li; 2005) and that an inverse exponential relationship is apparent amongst mean sediment production and vegetation at the watershed level (Vanacker, Blanckenburg, Govers, Malina, Poessen, Deckers and Kubik; 2007; Molina, Govers, Cisneros and Vanacker; 2008). Weighting of these erosive variables will not only identify areas more vulnerable to soil erosion, but various levels or severity of erosion can also be determined. Soil loss has been identified by Bazzoffi, (2009), as the utmost important consideration to distinguish between these levels of erosion and understand their environmental impacts. Thus, with careful monitoring and limited human impact, however, some soils can withstand some degree of erosion by naturally replenishing the amount of soil lost (Bazzoffi, 2009).
Gully erosion constitutes the major ecological problem in southeastern Nigeria and requires adequ... more Gully erosion constitutes the major ecological problem in southeastern Nigeria and requires adequate scientific and proper technical competence in the prevention and control of this menace. An effective control of any phenomena is not possible unless and until the principles and mechanics underlying its behaviour and distribution over time and space are fully understood. The objective of this paper is to present some examples of gully erosion control works and the effectiveness of the corrective measures put in place in Imo State. The study revealed that the initiation and development of erosion gullies is facilitated by natural processes (rainfall, topography engineering-geological properties of soils, especially texture, etc) and the activities of man, especially road construction. However, incorrect information, incomplete data or wrong concepts in the application of either method of erosion control have aggravated gully erosion problems. Many of the erosion control measures put in place in Imo State show that hydrological variables (e.g. runoff) which constitute major factors in soil erosion, were not considered in the design and has resulted in deep gullies, instead of checking erosion.
This study analyzes the morphological changes occurring at the arcuate Niger Delta shoreline by i... more This study analyzes the morphological changes occurring at the arcuate Niger Delta shoreline by identifying factors that contribute to erosion-induced shoreline changes and the rate of shoreline change from Forcados (Delta State) to Ibeno (Akwa Ibom State). Shoreline changes were compared from 1986 to 2016 as well as among western, central and eastern sections of the arcuate Niger Delta using Landsat satellite imagery within Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. In the assessment of the entire shoreline, accretion was 5,477.814Ha (1.2%) in 1986 and 19181.53Ha (4.1%) in 2016. For erosion, it was 48,400.03 (10.3%) in 1986 and 68398.84Ha (14.5%) in 2016. This indicates that accretion increased by 2.91% and erosion also increased by 4.25% in 30 years. The major accretion was detected within Brass (Bayelsa State), Bonny (River State), Andoni (River State) and Ibeno (Akwa Ibom State). Forcados South Point (Delta State), Sombreiro River mouths and eastern Obolo recorded the high...
This is a GIS-based time series study of annual soil loss value and soil erosion trends linked wi... more This is a GIS-based time series study of annual soil loss value and soil erosion trends linked with precipitation and land use in Okigwe. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was used to calculate annual soil loss. In applying the model, flow length was used instead of flow accumulation to estimate the slope length and steepness (LS) factor. The modeling is carried out for the years 1985, 2000, and 2015, and is based on LANDSA Tremotely sensed data, digital elevation models, rainfall data from the study area, as well as existing soil maps. The study shows that the average annual soil loss for Okigwe was estimated to be 462 t h-1 yr-1 for the year 1985, decreased to 119 t h-1 yr-1 in 2000 and increased to 378 t h-1 yr-1 in 2015. The Northeastern part of the study area where the topography is hilly appears to have high risk of soil loss compared to the western part of the study area in Onuimo that is not hilly and also have a good NDVI analysis. Over exploitation of ...
GeographyRN: Nature-Society Studies (Topic), 2018
This study constitutes a critical measure of comprehension among the local residents of various c... more This study constitutes a critical measure of comprehension among the local residents of various communities on how they view the causes and impacts of soil erosion; this is in view to designing a sustainable control measure against erosion. On the basis of gully erosion density determined from satellite imagery, thirty communities were selected from the twenty-seven Local Government Area of Imo State where One thousand, five hundred (1,500) semi structured (closed ended) questionnaire made up of fourteen (14) questions addressing the issue of soil erosion, its impact and remedial measures were randomly administered (50 copies in each Community). The observations were ranked and simple percentage/descriptive statistical tools were deployed to analyze the data so generated. The findings show that the majority (79.9%) of respondents have lived in the area for more than 30 years. Traders and farmers constitute the highest respondents. Respondents perceived loss of land, loss of vegetati...
Determination of soil erodibility status in four selected communities of Ikeduru LGA was conducte... more Determination of soil erodibility status in four selected communities of Ikeduru LGA was conducted. Soil samples were collected randomly from Cassava farm, Bamboo field, Fallow land and sparse grassland and were analysed for moisture content, particle size distribution, textural class, organic matter content, permeability and aggregate structure using oven drying method, sieve analysis, triangular chart, and permeability/soil type table. Laboratory results were subjected to statistical analyses. Narrow variation was seen in all the particle size distribution (ranged from 25.10 – 35.15) with samples from sparse grass land vegetation having the least value (35.20), samples from cassava farm and bamboo field had their values as 35.15 and 29.40 respectively. The clay, silt and MC had a negative non-significant relationship with the erodibility status with values of correlation -.412, -.532 and -.836 respectively. While sand percentage content had a positive non significant relationship ...
The Ntamogba stream is one of the principal drainage rivers of the city of Port Harcourt; drainin... more The Ntamogba stream is one of the principal drainage rivers of the city of Port Harcourt; draining and evacuating flood/storm water from the New GRA, the northeastern portion of Diobu, and the whole of the D/Line Areas. Due to urban sprawl and land mismanagement, this all important stream has lost its flood conveyance capacity, especially in the middle and lower reaches. The overflowing of its banks has become a severe threat to life and property in the watershed. Several efforts including the dredging of the channel have not abated the problem. This paper evaluates the pattern of development, disturbance intensity and the contribution of runoff to the stream by analyzing urban status maps of 1975 and 2004, as well as stream discharge of each of the sub basins. It is shown that 90% of the watershed in the middle and lower reaches has been built up thereby increasing the disturbance intensity. This results in rapid onset of peak runoff which the receiving channel can seldom accommoda...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2016
This study aims at the assessment of the impacts of artisanal refining of crude on soil and water... more This study aims at the assessment of the impacts of artisanal refining of crude on soil and water quality in parts of Okrika and Ogu-Bolo areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Standard sampling methods were used in the study. A total number of sixteen (16) sampling points were selected using random sampling techniques for the water points and soil samples within Ogu-Bolo and Okrika. Water and soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods. The ArcGIS version 10.3, ENVI version 4.7, Surfer 10, SPSS 22 and Microsoft Enterprise were used for the interpretation. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was created from the elevation data obtained from Short Radar Thematic Mapper (SRTM) satellite image and contour extracted from the topographic map. The influence of the soil type, slope, flow accumulation and flow direction of the study area was used to delineate the level of contaminant plume. This was generated from the DEM using the ArcGIS 10.3 3-D analyst tool function. A wat...
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International
Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International
Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology
5.14%, 25.07%, and 38.28% respectively while built-up area/cleared lands and muddy surface increa... more 5.14%, 25.07%, and 38.28% respectively while built-up area/cleared lands and muddy surface increased by 69.42% and 682.24%. Findings show that spatial coverage of forest and mangrove/swamp decreased between 1988 and 2018 and the reduction in forest cover reduces the significant role that it plays in maintaining the ecosystem. This study has clearly shown the roles of geo-information technologies at monitoring land use/landcover change in Bonny LGA, Rivers State and therefore, recommended that re-afforestation projects, strict legislation, policies, and strategies should be established to replenish the forests and mangrove/swamp; should be put in place.
American Journal of Environmental Protection, Jan 23, 2015
Flooding is recorded every year in all the states along the River Niger and its tributaries, freq... more Flooding is recorded every year in all the states along the River Niger and its tributaries, frequently causing disasters but the magnitude of 2012 flood caught the country napping. Moreover, two thirds of Bayelsa State and Delta State are inundated by devastating floods for at least a quarter of each year. Communities along the River Niger-Benue system are also under threat of constant flooding. Vulnerability assessment which many regions of the world have commenced becomes the way forward. This paper investigates the vulnerability of communities in three of the Niger Delta States and found out that a total of 1,110 towns are at risk of being inundated and about 7,120,028 people risk displacement. The paper evolves a well thought-out mitigation and adaptation measures which can be adopted by all stake holders including Governments at all tiers, community leaders and the vulnerable population.
Asian Review of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Aug 23, 2014
Illegal oil bunkering and artisanal refining are on the rise in various communities in the Niger ... more Illegal oil bunkering and artisanal refining are on the rise in various communities in the Niger Delta and worsen the ecological destruction and social conflict caused by the oil industry. This review examines the concept of oil theft and artisanal refining and their environmental implications and concluded that Oil theft and artisanal refining in the Niger Delta are massive and growing problems. It is estimated that between 200,000 and 300,000 barrels of oil is lost daily to theft, known in the country as illegal bunkering. The majority of the stolen crude oil is taken to large ocean-going tankers waiting offshore, which export the oil to refineries outside the country to the rest of the world. Stolen oil is also refined in makeshift individual facilities into low quality petroleum products. The authors conclude that while acknowledging the seeming social and economic advantages that artisanal refining brings to the host communities, and the argument that artisanal refining actually represents an opportunity which could be harnessed by the government to enhance economic and social opportunities in an environment of high unemployment and poverty, especially in the oil-producing areas of the country, the disadvantages far outweigh the seeming advantages both to the community and the environment at large.
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 2015
This study assessed the patterns of encroachment of settlements on flood vulnerable areas of rive... more This study assessed the patterns of encroachment of settlements on flood vulnerable areas of river Kaduna. The ENVI version 4.7 software aided the import of images one after the other in a Geo-tiff format. Proximity analysis was then applied to discover relationships. The river Kaduna was buffered using the multi-ring method and various settlements were overlaid on the buffer ring to determine settlements at risk. Change computation was made between 1990 and 2010 with the ENVI.4.7 version basic tools. Since image is classified, the detection statistic was used where the equivalent classes were defined and the needed pair was added. This provided the change detection statisticoutput. Results show the rate of change of the flood vulnerability and other land use/land cover classes of the study area. Also, since settlements can be observed within the very high risk zones to the left or right of the river, this suggests that the area has a very high risk of flood as corroborated by the G...
International research efforts by organizations such as IPCC have revealed past trend of global w... more International research efforts by organizations such as IPCC have revealed past trend of global warming and its future. Based on these estimates, there is justifiable expectation that climate change and sea-level rise could cause a wide range of impacts on coastal zones; some of the typical impacts identified are coastal erosion/ increased flood risk, and impacts on infrastructure. The current study analysed public perceptions of tidal flood hazards on Bonny Island, Rivers State; Nigeria. The focus of the study was to identify the most vulnerable areas on the Island to the tidal inundation as well as assess the local community adaptive capacity to the tidal surge. Based on a recognizance survey, we administered 270 questionnaires to 15 identified communities on the Island that constantly experience tidal floods. Results from the study showed that nearly two-third of the respondents (67.6%) in our study area had good knowledge of the causes, time of occurrence and impact of tidal flo...
AGUSM, May 1, 2006
There are two main drainage rivers in the Port Harcourt Metropolis - The Ntamogba and the Woji cr... more There are two main drainage rivers in the Port Harcourt Metropolis - The Ntamogba and the Woji creek (Abam, 2004). There are a few other drainage rivers that are equally important e.g. the Nwaja River that drains Rumukalagbor, Elekahia, New GRA Phases IV and V, Presidential Housing Estate and Sun Ray publications Area of Aba Road. These river systems drain the entire Port Harcourt City dividing the City into three major drainage zones. Since the discovery of oil in Nigeria in the 1950s, the country has been suffering the negative environmental consequences of oil development. The growth of the country's oil industry, combined with population explosion and a lack of environmental regulations, led to substantial damage to Nigeria's environment, especially in the Niger Delta region, the center of the country's oil industry. Uncontrolled population movement as well as spontaneous housing development on marginal lands such as stream corridors, has led to the degradation of all major stream channels in the Nation's oil capital - Port Harcourt City. The longitudinal profiles and cross sections of reaches of three major streams (Ntamogba, Nwaja, and Oginigba streams) were investigated. Land use maps of 1979 1999 and 2004 were used. Our result showed that 1). Almost all of the stream corridors have been built up without adequate plan 2). The natural grades have been distorted by channelisation for the purpose of flood evacuation without geomorphic consideration .3). Our research also shows that the interface of saline water and fresh water has extended upstream affecting urban infrastructure. 4) localized damming and sedimentation behind hydraulic structures were common occurrences) our overall result indicate that two episodes of channel incision on Oginigba stream had increased slope reduced sinuosity increased entrenchment and reduce width-depth ratio . Conclusively the factors of the instability of theses urban streams are manly the processes of urbanization which include waste dumping channelisation and unregulated housing development in the channel corridors. KEY WORDS: stream instability, marginal lands, stream corridor, saline environment, spontaneous, geomorphic, channelisation
International journal of science & technoledge, Aug 31, 2019
Soil is essentially a non-renewable resource and a very dynamic system which performs many functi... more Soil is essentially a non-renewable resource and a very dynamic system which performs many functions and delivers service vital to human activities and ecosystems survival (European Commission, 2006). However, this importance relating directly to soil status and availability has created a severe struggle among environmental, social, and economic benefits (Viglizzo, Parure, Latera and Jobbagy; 2012) even as humans have attempted to more effectively understand the complex relationships between variables explaining soil degradation. Abegunde, Adeyinka, Olawuni and Oluodo (2006) defined soil erosion as the gradual washing away of soil through the agents of denudation which include, man, wind and water These denudating agents' loose, wear away and transport soil particles from one location to another as deposit. This occurs primarily when the velocity of the water is able to create shear strength great enough to overcome the cohesion between the soil particles, and is commonly worsened when the level of water flow cannot be adequately infiltrated into the surface. This buildup of unabsorbed water can occur due to multiple factors but is initially driven by causes such as rainfall and runoff accumulation. Multiple biotic and abiotic factors can be related to the amount of soil erosion likely to occur in a given location. For example, various soil types and textures are more prone to erosion. Soils with a high level of clay have been typically thought to erode less due to the strong bond present between each individual particle. On the other hand, soil with more fine sand will erode more easily (Dvořák & Novák, 1994) and therefore makes that zone more susceptible to water erosion. Erosion is also more likely to occur on sloped areas rather than in flat valley floors as water erosion from runoff is driven by a gravitational force. Additionally, studies have found that soil erosion speeds are reduced exponentially with regards to vegetative cover (Gyssels, Poessen, Bochet and Li; 2005) and that an inverse exponential relationship is apparent amongst mean sediment production and vegetation at the watershed level (Vanacker, Blanckenburg, Govers, Malina, Poessen, Deckers and Kubik; 2007; Molina, Govers, Cisneros and Vanacker; 2008). Weighting of these erosive variables will not only identify areas more vulnerable to soil erosion, but various levels or severity of erosion can also be determined. Soil loss has been identified by Bazzoffi, (2009), as the utmost important consideration to distinguish between these levels of erosion and understand their environmental impacts. Thus, with careful monitoring and limited human impact, however, some soils can withstand some degree of erosion by naturally replenishing the amount of soil lost (Bazzoffi, 2009).
Gully erosion constitutes the major ecological problem in southeastern Nigeria and requires adequ... more Gully erosion constitutes the major ecological problem in southeastern Nigeria and requires adequate scientific and proper technical competence in the prevention and control of this menace. An effective control of any phenomena is not possible unless and until the principles and mechanics underlying its behaviour and distribution over time and space are fully understood. The objective of this paper is to present some examples of gully erosion control works and the effectiveness of the corrective measures put in place in Imo State. The study revealed that the initiation and development of erosion gullies is facilitated by natural processes (rainfall, topography engineering-geological properties of soils, especially texture, etc) and the activities of man, especially road construction. However, incorrect information, incomplete data or wrong concepts in the application of either method of erosion control have aggravated gully erosion problems. Many of the erosion control measures put in place in Imo State show that hydrological variables (e.g. runoff) which constitute major factors in soil erosion, were not considered in the design and has resulted in deep gullies, instead of checking erosion.
This study analyzes the morphological changes occurring at the arcuate Niger Delta shoreline by i... more This study analyzes the morphological changes occurring at the arcuate Niger Delta shoreline by identifying factors that contribute to erosion-induced shoreline changes and the rate of shoreline change from Forcados (Delta State) to Ibeno (Akwa Ibom State). Shoreline changes were compared from 1986 to 2016 as well as among western, central and eastern sections of the arcuate Niger Delta using Landsat satellite imagery within Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. In the assessment of the entire shoreline, accretion was 5,477.814Ha (1.2%) in 1986 and 19181.53Ha (4.1%) in 2016. For erosion, it was 48,400.03 (10.3%) in 1986 and 68398.84Ha (14.5%) in 2016. This indicates that accretion increased by 2.91% and erosion also increased by 4.25% in 30 years. The major accretion was detected within Brass (Bayelsa State), Bonny (River State), Andoni (River State) and Ibeno (Akwa Ibom State). Forcados South Point (Delta State), Sombreiro River mouths and eastern Obolo recorded the high...
This is a GIS-based time series study of annual soil loss value and soil erosion trends linked wi... more This is a GIS-based time series study of annual soil loss value and soil erosion trends linked with precipitation and land use in Okigwe. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was used to calculate annual soil loss. In applying the model, flow length was used instead of flow accumulation to estimate the slope length and steepness (LS) factor. The modeling is carried out for the years 1985, 2000, and 2015, and is based on LANDSA Tremotely sensed data, digital elevation models, rainfall data from the study area, as well as existing soil maps. The study shows that the average annual soil loss for Okigwe was estimated to be 462 t h-1 yr-1 for the year 1985, decreased to 119 t h-1 yr-1 in 2000 and increased to 378 t h-1 yr-1 in 2015. The Northeastern part of the study area where the topography is hilly appears to have high risk of soil loss compared to the western part of the study area in Onuimo that is not hilly and also have a good NDVI analysis. Over exploitation of ...
GeographyRN: Nature-Society Studies (Topic), 2018
This study constitutes a critical measure of comprehension among the local residents of various c... more This study constitutes a critical measure of comprehension among the local residents of various communities on how they view the causes and impacts of soil erosion; this is in view to designing a sustainable control measure against erosion. On the basis of gully erosion density determined from satellite imagery, thirty communities were selected from the twenty-seven Local Government Area of Imo State where One thousand, five hundred (1,500) semi structured (closed ended) questionnaire made up of fourteen (14) questions addressing the issue of soil erosion, its impact and remedial measures were randomly administered (50 copies in each Community). The observations were ranked and simple percentage/descriptive statistical tools were deployed to analyze the data so generated. The findings show that the majority (79.9%) of respondents have lived in the area for more than 30 years. Traders and farmers constitute the highest respondents. Respondents perceived loss of land, loss of vegetati...
Determination of soil erodibility status in four selected communities of Ikeduru LGA was conducte... more Determination of soil erodibility status in four selected communities of Ikeduru LGA was conducted. Soil samples were collected randomly from Cassava farm, Bamboo field, Fallow land and sparse grassland and were analysed for moisture content, particle size distribution, textural class, organic matter content, permeability and aggregate structure using oven drying method, sieve analysis, triangular chart, and permeability/soil type table. Laboratory results were subjected to statistical analyses. Narrow variation was seen in all the particle size distribution (ranged from 25.10 – 35.15) with samples from sparse grass land vegetation having the least value (35.20), samples from cassava farm and bamboo field had their values as 35.15 and 29.40 respectively. The clay, silt and MC had a negative non-significant relationship with the erodibility status with values of correlation -.412, -.532 and -.836 respectively. While sand percentage content had a positive non significant relationship ...
The Ntamogba stream is one of the principal drainage rivers of the city of Port Harcourt; drainin... more The Ntamogba stream is one of the principal drainage rivers of the city of Port Harcourt; draining and evacuating flood/storm water from the New GRA, the northeastern portion of Diobu, and the whole of the D/Line Areas. Due to urban sprawl and land mismanagement, this all important stream has lost its flood conveyance capacity, especially in the middle and lower reaches. The overflowing of its banks has become a severe threat to life and property in the watershed. Several efforts including the dredging of the channel have not abated the problem. This paper evaluates the pattern of development, disturbance intensity and the contribution of runoff to the stream by analyzing urban status maps of 1975 and 2004, as well as stream discharge of each of the sub basins. It is shown that 90% of the watershed in the middle and lower reaches has been built up thereby increasing the disturbance intensity. This results in rapid onset of peak runoff which the receiving channel can seldom accommoda...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2016
This study aims at the assessment of the impacts of artisanal refining of crude on soil and water... more This study aims at the assessment of the impacts of artisanal refining of crude on soil and water quality in parts of Okrika and Ogu-Bolo areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Standard sampling methods were used in the study. A total number of sixteen (16) sampling points were selected using random sampling techniques for the water points and soil samples within Ogu-Bolo and Okrika. Water and soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods. The ArcGIS version 10.3, ENVI version 4.7, Surfer 10, SPSS 22 and Microsoft Enterprise were used for the interpretation. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was created from the elevation data obtained from Short Radar Thematic Mapper (SRTM) satellite image and contour extracted from the topographic map. The influence of the soil type, slope, flow accumulation and flow direction of the study area was used to delineate the level of contaminant plume. This was generated from the DEM using the ArcGIS 10.3 3-D analyst tool function. A wat...
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International
Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International
Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology
5.14%, 25.07%, and 38.28% respectively while built-up area/cleared lands and muddy surface increa... more 5.14%, 25.07%, and 38.28% respectively while built-up area/cleared lands and muddy surface increased by 69.42% and 682.24%. Findings show that spatial coverage of forest and mangrove/swamp decreased between 1988 and 2018 and the reduction in forest cover reduces the significant role that it plays in maintaining the ecosystem. This study has clearly shown the roles of geo-information technologies at monitoring land use/landcover change in Bonny LGA, Rivers State and therefore, recommended that re-afforestation projects, strict legislation, policies, and strategies should be established to replenish the forests and mangrove/swamp; should be put in place.
American Journal of Environmental Protection, Jan 23, 2015
Flooding is recorded every year in all the states along the River Niger and its tributaries, freq... more Flooding is recorded every year in all the states along the River Niger and its tributaries, frequently causing disasters but the magnitude of 2012 flood caught the country napping. Moreover, two thirds of Bayelsa State and Delta State are inundated by devastating floods for at least a quarter of each year. Communities along the River Niger-Benue system are also under threat of constant flooding. Vulnerability assessment which many regions of the world have commenced becomes the way forward. This paper investigates the vulnerability of communities in three of the Niger Delta States and found out that a total of 1,110 towns are at risk of being inundated and about 7,120,028 people risk displacement. The paper evolves a well thought-out mitigation and adaptation measures which can be adopted by all stake holders including Governments at all tiers, community leaders and the vulnerable population.
Asian Review of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Aug 23, 2014
Illegal oil bunkering and artisanal refining are on the rise in various communities in the Niger ... more Illegal oil bunkering and artisanal refining are on the rise in various communities in the Niger Delta and worsen the ecological destruction and social conflict caused by the oil industry. This review examines the concept of oil theft and artisanal refining and their environmental implications and concluded that Oil theft and artisanal refining in the Niger Delta are massive and growing problems. It is estimated that between 200,000 and 300,000 barrels of oil is lost daily to theft, known in the country as illegal bunkering. The majority of the stolen crude oil is taken to large ocean-going tankers waiting offshore, which export the oil to refineries outside the country to the rest of the world. Stolen oil is also refined in makeshift individual facilities into low quality petroleum products. The authors conclude that while acknowledging the seeming social and economic advantages that artisanal refining brings to the host communities, and the argument that artisanal refining actually represents an opportunity which could be harnessed by the government to enhance economic and social opportunities in an environment of high unemployment and poverty, especially in the oil-producing areas of the country, the disadvantages far outweigh the seeming advantages both to the community and the environment at large.
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 2015
This study assessed the patterns of encroachment of settlements on flood vulnerable areas of rive... more This study assessed the patterns of encroachment of settlements on flood vulnerable areas of river Kaduna. The ENVI version 4.7 software aided the import of images one after the other in a Geo-tiff format. Proximity analysis was then applied to discover relationships. The river Kaduna was buffered using the multi-ring method and various settlements were overlaid on the buffer ring to determine settlements at risk. Change computation was made between 1990 and 2010 with the ENVI.4.7 version basic tools. Since image is classified, the detection statistic was used where the equivalent classes were defined and the needed pair was added. This provided the change detection statisticoutput. Results show the rate of change of the flood vulnerability and other land use/land cover classes of the study area. Also, since settlements can be observed within the very high risk zones to the left or right of the river, this suggests that the area has a very high risk of flood as corroborated by the G...
International research efforts by organizations such as IPCC have revealed past trend of global w... more International research efforts by organizations such as IPCC have revealed past trend of global warming and its future. Based on these estimates, there is justifiable expectation that climate change and sea-level rise could cause a wide range of impacts on coastal zones; some of the typical impacts identified are coastal erosion/ increased flood risk, and impacts on infrastructure. The current study analysed public perceptions of tidal flood hazards on Bonny Island, Rivers State; Nigeria. The focus of the study was to identify the most vulnerable areas on the Island to the tidal inundation as well as assess the local community adaptive capacity to the tidal surge. Based on a recognizance survey, we administered 270 questionnaires to 15 identified communities on the Island that constantly experience tidal floods. Results from the study showed that nearly two-third of the respondents (67.6%) in our study area had good knowledge of the causes, time of occurrence and impact of tidal flo...