Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies (GARJMBS) ISSN: 2315-5086 (GARJMBS) (original) (raw)

Papers by Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies (GARJMBS) ISSN: 2315-5086 (GARJMBS)

In this study, we explored the impact of external factor on corporate governance system using sur... more In this study, we explored the impact of external factor on corporate governance system using survey questionnaire based on international corporate governance norms. Data were collected from listed firms in Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa. The conclusions are follows: (1) .In all the selected countries in the sub-region (SSAA) political environment affect the corporate governance system. (2) Macro-economic policies seem to hinder good corporate governance practices. (3) The accounting system operating in each country plays a vital role in promoting sound corporate governance system. (4) Ownership structure (method for acquisition of stock) of firms’ delays promotion of sound corporate governance in Ghanaian and Nigerian firms. (5) Societal and cultural factors seem to deter corporate governance system in Ghanaian firms. Corruption may likely affect corporate governance practice in South African firms. We recommend that there is need for proper implementation of macro-economic policies in the sub-region. The political elite should not interfere with regulatory and supervisory agencies. The Ghanaian Code of corporate governance need to take into consideration the socio-cultural environment in formulating corporate governance policies. Finally, the acquisitions for stock of firms in Nigeria need to follow proper due process.

Keywords: Corporate governance, external factors, OLS regression

This work measures the effectiveness of direct resource delivery on food production evaluating th... more This work measures the effectiveness of direct resource delivery on food production evaluating the Fadama III project in Enugu State of Nigeria. The study estimated annual incomes and productive resources used by the farmers before and after joining the project and identified constraints to the realization of project objectives. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, means and percentages, as well as multiple regression model using the ordinary least squares (OLS) approach were used to analyze data obtained. Hypotheses were tested using t-statistic in Two-Sample T-test. Chow-statistic was used to test for differences in the coefficients of the regression variables. Findings indicated that the farmers realized Mean incomes and productive resources of N169,139.44 and N521,042.36; and N67,313.45 and N242,307.12 were respectively estimated for farmers before and after joining the project. There were significant differences between incomes and productive resources of the farmers before and after joining the project implying goodness of the policy. The crop farmers’ annual incomes before and after joining the project were significantly determined by distance to the market, farm size, extension visits and value of productive resources. Irregular fund disbursement topped the list of nine constraints to effective realization of project objectives arranged in descending order of seriousness. Early and prompt release of productive resources and cash counterpart contributions to the farmers, provision of more extension agents, services and logistics for the farmers and reduction of users’ cash contribution will ensure improved productivity, income and project sustainability

Keywords: Cassava; Co-operatives; Enugu State; Fadama III project; Income; Productive resources; Significant; Sustainable; Yams

The systemic approach in management does not oppose holism to reductionism nor a global approach ... more The systemic approach in management does not oppose holism to reductionism nor a global approach to a local approach but rather tries to reconcile analytical images to integrative images, showing that the whole is reflected in each of its parts and each part is a small-scale projection of the whole. The systemic approach does not give up the logical and analytical tools which investigate reality by dissecting, fragmenting and decomposing it into its constituents, but it recovers them to obtain morphological, synthetic, dynamic and lively development of this reality. The principle of system approach uses deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, to discover internal interrelationships and connections that drive complex organized assemblies. The true values of this approach are found not in simplistic schemes such as "input-output" or in "circular" models that economics and management textbooks are full of and which, ultimately, establish a different kind of formalism. We are interested in the formulation and implementation of the descriptive management, i.e. what managers decide to do, the alternatives of action and final stage of implementation and the feedback absolutely necessary.

Keywords: descriptive management, rationality, system, decisions.

This paper analyses the influence of service quality and satisfaction in future behavioral intent... more This paper analyses the influence of service quality and satisfaction in future behavioral intentions in health and wellness tourists. Service quality was defined by Parasuraman, Zeithaml e Berry (1985) through the SERVQUAL scale with five dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. To analyse the future behavioral intentions, we considered the return and recommend intentions. A survey was conducted at five health and wellness tourism units situated in the central region of Portugal and the sample was constituted by a total of 268 users. The result analysis permitted to verify that service quality and satisfaction influences future behavioral intentions. It appears to be evident that the dimensions of assurance and empathy are the ones that most influence future behavioral intentions. In what concerns to satisfaction, we verify that it’s related with these both intentions, but mainly with the intention to return and to and reuse those health and wellness services. These results and the implications for health and wellness tourism organizations are discussed.

Keywords: Service quality, satisfaction, behavioral intentions, health and wellness tourism, intention of return, intention of recommend.

Abstract This study evaluates the impact of consolidation on the performance of banks in Nigeri... more Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of consolidation on the performance of banks in Nigeria. The study used a period of 12 years from 2000 to 2011 comprising six years pre and post consolidation era. The population of the study is (22) banks in which four (4) banks are drawn using stratified sampling technique. The study utilizes secondary data obtained through annual reports and CBN banking supervision. T-test was employed to test the hypothesis formulated. The findings of the study show that consolidation has significant positive impact on the performance of banks in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that the management of banks should work hard to ensure that adequate measure is being put in place to determine increasing rate of return on asset, return on equity and net profit margin of their banks reform of this nature such as consolidation of banks is one of the ways to improve the banking sector financial stability.

Keywords: Consolidation, Banks, Performance

Traditional cost accounting allocation of manufacturing costs is not rigorous enough, resulting i... more Traditional cost accounting allocation of manufacturing costs is not rigorous enough, resulting in product cost structure distortions. This responsibility for company operation should be internalized into business operations--prior to production--in order to reflect the true cost of the final product. Due to the use of traditional cost accounting, many organizations have not estimated their productional costs precisely. In this paper, we propose an integrated concept the Activity-Based Costing approached to solve the problem of manufacturing and cost evaluation. We include a case study of an Gudeng Precision Company (Semiconductor Process Equipment Factory) in Taiwan to show that the activity-based costing method estimates semiconductor front-end equipment manufacturing costs of a final product more accurately than traditional approaches do. The method can, therefore, provide information for use in existing manufacturing accounting systems and help managers incorporate manufacturing costs into their decision-making processes.

Keywords: Activity-Based Costing, manufacturing cost, Semiconductor Process Equipment Factory

In spite of the wide adoption of Internet banking service in developed countries, its application... more In spite of the wide adoption of Internet banking service in developed countries, its application is still low in developing countries like Yemen. The purpose of this study is to examine and investigate the main factors which influence the adoption of Internet banking services by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) managers or owners in Yemen. The research framework consists of five latent variables, four exogenous variables and one endogenous variable. The exogenous variables consist of environmental factors such as ICT readiness, regulatory support, financial institution support and competitive pressure while endogenous variable comprises of intention towards Internet banking service adoption (IBSA). In addition, this study will explain how the Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework was being used in examining the factors of Internet banking services adoption in Yemen. The hypothetical relationship was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of the study indicated that competitive pressure was the high predictor that influence towards IBSA followed by regulatory support and financial institution support while ICT readiness was an insignificant and negative effect towards IBSA in Yemen.

Keywords: Internet Banking Services Adoption (IBSA), Environmental factors, TOE framework, SMEs, Yemen

Construction Owner Association of Alberta (COAA) and Construction Industry Institute (CII) in col... more Construction Owner Association of Alberta (COAA) and Construction Industry Institute (CII) in collaboration with the University of Calgary conducted a research investigating Alberta project performance. This collaboration was performed in two phases and resulting findings are stated in COAA data base system. This paper analyses the data collected in phases 1 and 2 projects with a view to improve project performance in Alberta. A qualitative research methodology was employed in investigating the project performance. Interviews were conducted with industry practitioners, which contained open - ended questions. The research found that in comparison, the construction cost growth in phase 1 and phase 2 of projects executed in Alberta show higher average construction cost growth in phase 2. The project schedule growth in phases 1 and 2 shows higher average schedule performance in phase 1 than phase 2. This method has the potential to contribute to a reduction in cost and schedule overruns and improves project performance. It is concluded that the comparison of phases 1 and 2 performance in the COAA database system can provide a guide to company to improve project performance in Alberta and possibly in Canada.

Keywords: COAA database, industrial projects, performance and improvement, schedule performance, cost performance

This paper reviewed the impact of commercial bank lending on Nigeria’s aggregate economic growth ... more This paper reviewed the impact of commercial bank lending on Nigeria’s aggregate economic growth for the period 1970-2011. It also reviewed the impact of commercial bank credit on the growth of Services and ‘Others’ sectors, their sub-sectors of transport/communication and public utilities; government and personal/professionals respectively for the same period. The paper relied on the official sectoral classification by the Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics. Non-oil GDP was adopted as a measure of both the aggregate and sectoral economic growth. The research work borrowed from the theoretical underpinning of the role of commercial bank lending in economic growth based on the combination of the quantity theory of money and aggregate production function. A regression analysis was undertaken with a model that related the non-oil GDP as dependent variable to commercial bank credit for current and one year lagged period as the independent variables. The linear regression model showed that the previous year’s loans and advances to services sector had more positive impact on economic growth compared with the current year’s loans and advances. The results show that both previous and current year’s credit to ‘others’ sector had inverse relationship with economic growth. In terms of the sub-sectors, the previous year’s credit to public utilities and transport/telecommunications sub-sectors showed positive contributions to economic growth while the impact of that of current year was negative. From the results therefore, banks need to monitor more closely their lending to these two sectors of the economy who deal on intangibles. Monetary authorities also need to ensure tight regulations on lending to the sectors to enable them play their roles of providing ancillary services to the real sectors of the economy which ordinarily should be the drivers of the economy.

Keywords – Economic Growth, Non-oil GDP, Services Sector , Commercial Bank, Credit

This paper attempts to illuminate the dynamics of Indonesia’s clove cigarette industry using Stru... more This paper attempts to illuminate the dynamics of Indonesia’s clove cigarette industry using Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) paradigm and industrial cluster approach. We employed concentration ratios (concentration ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) and performance ratios in SCP analysis. To identify industrial clusters, we used Geographic Information System (GIS) and specialization index. The structure of clove cigarette industry suggested that an oligopoly with high concentration has been found, albeit declined slightly over the period 1996-2003. As far as geographic concentration is concerned, we found that this industry has clustered overwhelmingly in and around four districts, namely Kudus, Kediri, Surabaya, and Malang. Our study confirms that the spatial pattern of industrial development in Indonesia shows an uneven distribution of manufacturing industry geographically. Cigarette sales were highly inelastic, even during the economic turmoil over 1999-2003, and had remained strong leading to a remarkable performance in terms of value added, employment, and export.

Keywords: clove cigarette industry, oligopoly, concentration ratio, cluster

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among investment in workplace lear... more The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among investment in workplace learning, organizational perspective on HRD ,organizational outcomes of workplace learning and organizational performance in Parsian Hotels in Tehran. This paper has used the correlational descriptive research. The population of this study consisted of the views of Parsian chain Hotels’s employers in Tehran.an integrative approach is employed in this research. The results showed a significantly positive relationship between investment in workplace learning and organizational outcomes of workplace learning .the current research also found a significantly positive relationship between organizational outcomes of workplace learning and organizational performance. Both theoretical and practical implications for HRD are provided in this research. Up to now no research with this subject has been done in Iran.

Keywords: workplace learning , organizational performance , organizational perspective ,hotel ,organizational outcomes , human resource.

The thrust of this study is to examine the level of application of Activity Based Costing (ABC) i... more The thrust of this study is to examine the level of application of Activity Based Costing (ABC) in the manufacturing companies in Zaria local Government Area of Kaduna state, Nigeria. As business environment is fast changing, accountants, managers, entrepreneurs and other stakeholders are to invent new ideas and strategies capable of drastically eliminating unnecessary expenses which invariably enhance the performance of their firms, increase their profitability and ensure their going concern status. Five manufacturing companies were conveniently sampled and copies of questionnaire were administered to the twenty five (25) randomly selected staff of these companies. Correlation co-efficient and T-test were used in testing the formulated hypothesis. The study reveals that none of the companies was applying ABC in apportioning its overhead cost to cost centers and cost units; they go by the traditional method of costing which was still obtainable in the sampled companies and as a result most of them are at the verge of collapsing, because they are not operating at full capacity. The study recommends that there is the need for general awareness campaign on the benefits of ABC and how it is being practically applied in advanced countries with a view to resuscitating and enhancing the financial performance of ailing companies in the country.

Key Words: Activity Based Costing; Traditional Costing; Cost Drivers; Indirect Costs; Manufacturing Firms; Local Government Area

Corporate failure has continued to dominate the entire corporate environment throughout the World... more Corporate failure has continued to dominate the entire corporate environment throughout the World, and Nigeria is not an exception. This has elicited continuous outcry about corporate survival; and the blame is always shifted to corporate management on the account of its failure to harness and use available resources effectively and efficiently for good corporate objectives. Thus, there is an increasing lack of confidence on corporate management. The negligence has led to untimely liquidation of many businesses. The main objective of the study is to examine corporate failure and the dilemma of auditors and expectation gap which has led to some pressures for increased auditor liability. It further looks at corporate failure and where the auditors share in it. The study made use of survey research design and the population for the study comprise of 200 questionnaires administered made up of shareholders, business groups and employees within Jos metropolis of Plateau State. We had 188 respondents representing 94% of the survey. Data were presented on tables of percentages and we tested the research hypotheses wit f-ratio. Findings from the study revealed that corporate failure exist despite efforts of auditors to carry out effective audit and corporate scrutiny. Proper auditing of financial records of companies has a relationship with corporate survival, and remains competitive and transparent in business environment as required by International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS). The following recommendations were made. Corporate Auditors should perform audit with technical competence, integrity, and independence with defined objective. They should search for and detect material misstatements whether intentional or unintentional. Government and relevant stakeholders corporate owners about engaging competent hands in carrying out corporate audit in line with international best practice as these will enhance total compliance with requirements of IFRS as this will reduce incidences of corporate failure.

Keywords: Corporate failure, Corporate world, IFRS, Survival.

This article aims to identify the factors that influence Brazilian companies’ environmental discl... more This article aims to identify the factors that influence Brazilian companies’ environmental disclosures. To achieve this goal, the annual and sustainability reports of 98 companies that comprise the IBRX100 index of BM&FBOVESPA (São Paulo Stock Exchange) were analyzed for the period between 2010 and 2012. First, each company’s level of disclosure of information about waste, emissions, effluents and other impacts was identified based on their annual and sustainability reports. A model to measure the level of disclosure was then built based on a literature review and the guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Second, the factors that explain the contents of the companies’ reports were identified using canonical correlation. Data analysis revealed that the companies fit the following profile: (i) The sustainability report is seldom used the exclusive channel of environmental disclosure; (ii) There is a correlation between information disclosed in annual reports and information disclosed in sustainability reports, which demonstrates that consistent information is provided, but there is a difference in a scope of the information provided in that sustainability reports provide more detailed information; (iii) The level of environmental information disclosed could be improved if companies would disclose more information about waste disposal, impact reduction targets, managing the impact of transportation and effluent treatment; and (iv) Aspects related to environmental performance (Potentially Polluting Enterprises (PPE) and GRI), legitimacy (AUDIT) and economic performance (ACCION, ASSEST and Return on Assets (ROA)) may influence or be positively related to the level of environmental disclosure, but the same is not true of ESI (Environmental Sustainability Index), CG (Corporate Governance) and ROE (Return on Equity) indicators.

Keywords: Environmental disclosure, Impact management, Brazil.

An exploration and elucidation is given concerning the more particular issues pointedly concerned... more An exploration and elucidation is given concerning the more particular issues pointedly concerned with the impacts of: underground economy on poverty level in developing economies; this relationship, with a particular linkage to Nigeria economy. Since 1990, the problems caused by the shadow economy activities have become a major concern for government officials and policy makers, which therefore, caused an increased attention among researchers, economic communities, and social scientists. Prior to; it seems that the economic profession, immersed as it was in its theories, could not cope, or was unwilling to cope with the messy world of the shadow economy. However, some researchers have started to go beyond ignoring the topic and begun to be interested in the study of the impacts of shadow economy on the official economy; how it inhibits development, and promote poverty in developing economies. Beginning from 2005, the academic and political debate on development finance and development aid has raised the issue that shadow economy may undermine the ability of countries to finance their public sectors. This view is based, among other things, on the perception that shadow economy in countries is becoming larger than can be imagined. Ever since, the relationship between underground economy and poverty level in developing countries begin to be much more complex than the economic theory of crime suggests.

Keywords: Size and Development, Nigerian Economy, Poverty.

A new combining customer and business objectives method of parts and materials selection process ... more A new combining customer and business objectives method of parts and materials selection process based on quality cost ratio is proposed and discussed. It is shown that pure reliability and cost approaches are biased and do not cover the main customer and business objectives. The impact of failures after warranty expires is analyzed, discussed and explored in relation to customer satisfaction and business profits. A paradox where increased warranty costs contribute to both higher business profits and customer satisfaction is discussed showing how the costs of lifetime warranty become an alternative to goodwill and sales losses. Conclusions are made based on analysis of real warranty data of three electronic temperature sensors.

Keywords: Quality; Reliability; Warranty; Cost; Lifetime; Weilbull; Monte Carlo; TQC; Parts; Materials; Selection; impact of failures.

The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between remuneration and career growt... more The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between remuneration and career growth versus the performance of the support staff in Kenya’s public secondary schools. It addressed the dismal performance to catapult to country to its vision in 2030. Correlational research design was adopted to relationship between motivation and commitment of non teaching staff. Fifty secondary schools were identified using stratified random sampling and purposive sampling methods. Data collection instruments such as questionnaires and interview schedules were administered. Validity and reliability of research instruments was enhanced by conducting a pilot study in 10 secondary schools within the county. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze by way of percentages and ratios. The findings indicated that both pay and opportunity for career development significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the commitment. This study recommended the schools should strictly adhere to the Ministry of Labour renumeration scales and enhances capacity building for non teaching staff through seminars, workshops as well as on the job training programmes for career growth.

Keywords: Remuneration, Career Growth, Service Delivery, Support staff. Public secondary school employees.

The last two decades systemic change has triggered public administration reform in all Central an... more The last two decades systemic change has triggered public administration reform in all Central and East European countries, and privatization has served as a prime domestic mover for the structural differentiation of the public sector, this reform contains decentralization of public administration in these countries. The most important general criterion according to which success of a decentralization reform should be assessed is its contribution to the country's democratic transformation and to the social and economic development of the country as a whole, as well as of its individual regions. . Furthermore, fiscal decentralization brings government closer to the people and a representative government works best when it is closer to the people. The economic gains from decentralization of a public administration policy in central and Eastern Europe are macroeconomic stability, equity, efficiency and allocation. Since individual preferences for public goods differ, in a decentralized system individuals choose to live in a community that reflects their preference, which in return maximizes social welfare.

Keywords: Decentralization, Public Administration, Central and Eastern Europe

The study investigated the some leadership styles as determinants of small and medium scale indus... more The study investigated the some leadership styles as determinants of small and medium scale industries and implication to counselling and management in Ogun state,Nigeria Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested in the study. The study adopted ex-post factor research design and 300 staff were randomly selected from the groups after the four companies had been stratified from the pool of registered companies in the states. Data were collected using a self-developed questioner by the Researchers. Firstly, the type of leadership styles adopted by the company and the second to get the view of the company workers. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Pearson Product moment correlation while results were tested at the level of 0.05 levels of significance. The result above indicate the autocractic leadership styles view is not significant with the organization performance ,while the democratic shows a significant relationship with yhe organization performance, Lastly, there is a perfect positive relationship with autocratic ,democractic leadership styles and organization performance. . On the basis of this finding, it was suggested that: Industries should adopt a democractic leadership in other to have maximum profit.

Keywords: Autocratic,Democractic leadership, small and medium scale industries