Alka Verma | Govind Ballabh Pant Krishi evam Prodyogik Vishva Vidyalaya, Pantnagar, India (original) (raw)
Papers by Alka Verma
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020
Agricultural Research Journal
Organically produced vegetables have great demand among health- conscious people. Genotypes with ... more Organically produced vegetables have great demand among health- conscious people. Genotypes with high yield in high input agriculture do not necessarily result in higher yield under organic production. An experiment was conducted to assess the performance of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) germplasm under organic conditions during 2017. The analysis of variance showed significant variation for all the traits studied. High Genotypic Coefficient of Variation was found for the number of fruits/plant, average fruit weight, marketable yield/plant, yield/plant, and total yield/hectare. High heritability with high genetic advance as percent over mean was found for fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruit/plant, average fruit weight, marketable yield/plant, and total yield/plant indicating inheritance of these traits is controlled by additive genes. Based on correlation and path coefficient analysis, number of fruits/plant and marketable yield/plant were most promising selection indices for improving yield under organic conditions. D2 values for 46 genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters. Cluster II exhibited maximum intra-cluster diversity and maximum inter-cluster divergence occurred between clusters I and II. Genotypes PB-109, PB-111, Pusa Anupam, and Pusa Purple Cluster had comparatively higher yielder with lowest fruit borer infestation and may be suitable for cultivation with organic/low input agriculture.
In order to evaluate the effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield attributes and ... more In order to evaluate the effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield attributes and yield of Potato cv. Kufri Khyati, an experiment was undertaken during winter season of 2018-19 at Vegetable Research Centre of GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The experiment was consisted of seven treatments replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. During the experiment, various observations such as emergence per cent, growth and yield attributes, harvest index and economics of the treatments were evaluated with respect to split application of nitrogen. The emergence per cent was recorded at 30 days after planting (DAP). Among growth parameters, plant height, number of haulms, diameter of haulms was recorded at 30, 45 and 60 DAP. Whereas, yield and yield attributing characters viz., grade wise number of tubers per plot, total number of tubers per plot & per hectare, grade wise weight of tubers per plot, total weight of tubers per plot & per hectare and harvest index was recorded at the time of harvest. The study revealed that the growth, yield attributing characters and yield was influenced by split application of nitrogen and significantly increased values were obtained. Among seven treatments, 50 % basal N of RDF + 25 % top dressing at 25 DAP + two foliar spray @ 2 % urea at 40 and 55 DAP was found best regarding growth, tuber yield and B-C ratio.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. Brinjal grows throughout the tr... more Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. Brinjal grows throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a major vegetable crop grown throughout India for its tender fruits. Being day neutral plant, it is widely grown during summer and winter seasons to fulfil the market demand. It is grown for its immature, unripe fruits which are used in the variety of ways as cooked vegetable in curries. It is grown extensively in all parts of India except at higher altitude. Genetic variability plays an important role in a crop in selecting the best genotypes for making rapid improvement in yield and other desirable characters as well as to select the potential parents for hybridization programmes. The progress in breeding for economic characters that are mostly polygenically controlled and hence environmentally influenced is determined by the magnitude and nature of their genetic variability. Heritability is an index for calculating the relative influence of environment on expression of genotypes. It becomes very difficult to judge the proportion of variability that is really heritable. Most of the researchers found that characters like fruit length, fruit weight and fruit breadth showed comparatively high GCV value. Likewise literature reviewed in this paper showed high heritability and genetic advance for characters like average fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruit per plant and yield per plant. High heritability and genetic advance indicating additive gene action suggested that simple selection could be effective for the improvement of those traits.
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2018
The study was carried out to determine combining ability and association of yield with its associ... more The study was carried out to determine combining ability and association of yield with its associated components among crosses that were derived from seven selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) parents. Twenty-one hybrids were generated from diallel crosses excluding reciprocals. Hybrids along with seven parents were studied for combining ability for seed yield. The result indicated that the general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were significant for all the characters indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components. Pant Lobia-5 had good general combining ability for plant height, green pod yield per plant, seed yield per hectare, 100-seed weight and seed weight per plant. Pant Lobia-1 was the best general combiner for number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight whereas, Pant Lobia-2 was found to be good general combiner for number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per plant and seed yield ...
![Research paper thumbnail of Heterosis study in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] genotypes for pod yield attributes](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94558961/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2017
A study was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricu... more A study was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during Spring-Summer and Rainy season of 2012 and 2013 using 12 diverse parental lines of okra and their 66 F1 hybrids (through diallel cross-excluding reciprocals) with the objective to measure the extent of heterosis over better parent and standard commercial check varieties for the purpose of judging the extent up to which heterosis can be exploited in commercial okra breeding. The extent of heterosis for five best crosses over better parent and check (48.32 % to 82.42 % and 7.13 % to 35.66 %, respectively) for yield per hectare suggested the great scope of realizing higher yield in okra through heterosis breeding. Other economic traits also recorded moderate to high level of heterosis over the better parents. The cross combination IC -282280×EC – 329380showed high heterosis over better parent and standard check for pod yield (82.42 %...
HortFlora Research Spectrum, 2014
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Apr 10, 2018
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci, 2020
In order to evaluate the effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield attributes and ... more In order to evaluate the effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield attributes and yield of Potato cv. Kufri Khyati, an experiment was undertaken during winter season of 2018-19 at Vegetable Research Centre of GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The experiment was consisted of seven treatments replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. During the experiment, various observations such as emergence per cent, growth and yield attributes, harvest index and economics of the treatments were evaluated with respect to split application of nitrogen. The emergence per cent was recorded at 30 days after planting (DAP). Among growth parameters, plant height, number of haulms, diameter of haulms was recorded at 30, 45 and 60 DAP. Whereas, yield and yield attributing characters viz., grade wise number of tubers per plot, total number of tubers per plot & per hectare, grade wise weight of tubers per plot, total weight of tubers per plot & per hectare and harvest index was recorded at the time of harvest. The study revealed that the growth, yield attributing characters and yield was influenced by split application of nitrogen and significantly increased values were obtained. Among seven treatments, 50 % basal N of RDF + 25 % top dressing at 25 DAP + two foliar spray @ 2 % urea at 40 and 55 DAP was found best regarding growth, tuber yield and B-C ratio.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), having wide variability, offers a good deal of opportunity for g... more Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), having wide variability, offers a good deal of opportunity for genetic improvement. Wide variation occurred for different quantitative traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation for all the quantitative characters. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed in fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits/plant, fruit weight and marketable yield/plant. The characters fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight and number of fruit/plant shows high heritability, along with high genetic advance as percent over mean which indicated inheritance of those characters is controlled mainly by additive genes, and selection based on phenotypic performance may prove useful. Number of branches/plant, fruit diameter and marketable yield/plant had significantly positive genotypic correlations with total yield/plant. Out of ten yield component traits, marketable yield/plant followed by fruit weight and number of fruits/plant exhibited highly positive direct effects on total yield/plant. These traits should be used to improve fruit yield of brinjal. Introduction Brijal (Solanum melongena L.) is extremely variable in habit and appearance. Extensive use of local landraces, or non-selfed seed of improved varieties, and biotic factors have resulted in reduction in optimum productivity of eggplant in India. Its center of origin was in the India and China is believed to be the secondary centre of origin. Many landraces/varieties having extensive variability are cultivated in different parts of India and some of the variations are so localized that their cultivation beyond the particular zone is completely unknown. Extensive collection, and evaluation of germplasm to identify superior types having desirable horticultural traits, conservation, and utilization of diversity, are important in improvement of this crop. Genotypes of eggplant have been characterized (Chattopadhyay et al., 2011 and Begum et al., 2013) [6, 3]. Variability is a combined measure of genetic and environmental causes. The heritable variability, and more particularly its genetic component, is clearly the most important aspect of the genetic constitution of the breeding material, which has a close connection on its response to selection. A measure of heritability and genetic advance give an idea about the expected gain in next generation. High yield can be achieved by selection of characters that have high heritability coupled with genetic advance. Selection of one trait invariably affects a number of associated traits which evokes the necessity of determining interrelationships of various yield components among them and with yield.
सब्जियाँ लोगों की पोषण सुरक्षा में बहुत महत्वपूर्ण हैं, इसलिए सब्जियों को सुरक्षात्मक खाद्य पदार... more सब्जियाँ लोगों की पोषण सुरक्षा में बहुत महत्वपूर्ण हैं, इसलिए सब्जियों को सुरक्षात्मक खाद्य पदार्थ कहा जाता है और ये राष्ट्र की समृद्धि में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती हैं। खरीफ माह मे सब्जी उत्पादन के लिए वे ही फसलें उपयुक्त हैं, जिन्हें अपनी बढ़वार और विकास के लिए अपेक्षाकृत गरम व नम वातावरण की आवश्यकता होती है। पौधशाला में बोवाई मई के अंत या जून माह के प्रथम सप्ताह मे और जुलाई के माह मे पौध प्रत्यारोपण करने के बाद इन सब्जियों से अक्तूबर या नवम्बर माह तक फलत ली जा सकती है। विभिन्न खीरावर्गीय सब्जियां जैसे लौकी, खीरा, करेला, तोरई इत्यादि टमाटर, मिर्च, फूलगोभी की अगेती किस्में, भिंडी, सेम आदि की इस मौसम में सफल खेती की जा सकती है। अधिकांश सब्जियों में जलभराव की स्थिति में ऑक्सीजन की कमी हो जाने के कारण उनकी ऑक्सीजनजीवी अभिक्रियायें प्रभावित होती हैं। अधिक वर्षा से लोबिया, मिर्च व टमाटर आदि में फूल के झड़ने की समस्या भी दिखाई देती है। ऐसे जलभराव प्रवृत क्षेत्रों में गर्मी वाले प्याज की फसल लगाने के लिए ऊंची क्यारियाँ बनाकर उन पर पौध लगाई जानी चाहिए। कम जलनिकासी वाली मृदाओं में सामान्य तौर पर जड़ों को सबसे अधिक हानि पहुँचने वाले दो रोग फाइटोफ्थोरा और पिथियमजन्य होते हैं। ऐसे क्षेत्रों में कवकरोधी रसायनों के प्रयोग से ही रोगों का प्रकोप कम किया जा सकता है और इस तरह जलभराव को प्रबंधित किया जा सकता है। इस प्रकार यदि सही फसल व प्रजाति का चयन किया जाए और उन्नत सब्जी उत्पादन तकनीकों को अपनाया जाए तो खरीफ के मौसम मे भी सफल सब्जी उत्पादन किया जा सकता है।
Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous vegetable crop cultivated throughout t... more Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous vegetable crop cultivated throughout the world. Thirty eight genotypes were evaluated in RBD with 3 replications in GBPUA&T, Pantnagar for the analysis of genetic divergence. The present study evaluated genetic diversity of accessions through genetic components analyses, and genetic divergence by multivariate and principal component analysis (PCA). Thirty eight genotypes were meaningfully grouped into seven clusters. Cluster III was the largest having fourteen genotypes followed by cluster I, cluster II, cluster IV, cluster V, cluster VI and cluster VII had minimum genotypes. There is no direct relationship between geographical distribution and genetic distance. Among the seven clusters, cluster III showed maximum intra-cluster distance followed by cluster II. Based on inter-cluster distances, the maximum divergence was observed between cluster IV and cluster VII indicating that the genotypes in these clusters could be utilized as parents in hybridization programme to develop high heterotic hybrids and to identify transgressive segregant in F2 generation. Among the studied characters number fruit per plants showed maximum contribution towards the diversity. On the basis of principal component analysis and average values, genotypes ‘Pusa Kaushal’, ‘PB-70’ and ‘Niranjan’ possessed optimum combinations of all variables and could be utilized as donor parents in breeding of eggplant.
A REVIEW ON VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN EGG PLANT (Solanum melongena L.)
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. Brinjal grows throughout the tr... more Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. Brinjal grows throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a major vegetable crop grown throughout India for its tender fruits. Being day neutral plant, it is widely grown during summer and winter seasons to fulfil the market demand. It is grown for its immature, unripe fruits which are used in the variety of ways as cooked vegetable in curries. It is grown extensively in all parts of India except at higher altitude. Genetic variability plays an important role in a crop in selecting the best genotypes for making rapid improvement in yield and other desirable characters as well as to select the potential parents for hybridization programmes. The progress in breeding for economic characters that are mostly polygenically controlled and hence environmentally influenced is determined by the magnitude and nature of their genetic variability. Heritability is an index for calculating the relative influence of environment on expression of genotypes. It becomes very difficult to judge the proportion of variability that is really heritable. Most of the researchers found that characters like fruit length, fruit weight and fruit breadth showed comparatively high GCV value. Likewise literature reviewed in this paper showed high heritability and genetic advance for characters like average fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruit per plant and yield per plant. High heritability and genetic advance indicating additive gene action suggested that simple selection could be effective for the improvement of those traits.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020
Agricultural Research Journal
Organically produced vegetables have great demand among health- conscious people. Genotypes with ... more Organically produced vegetables have great demand among health- conscious people. Genotypes with high yield in high input agriculture do not necessarily result in higher yield under organic production. An experiment was conducted to assess the performance of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) germplasm under organic conditions during 2017. The analysis of variance showed significant variation for all the traits studied. High Genotypic Coefficient of Variation was found for the number of fruits/plant, average fruit weight, marketable yield/plant, yield/plant, and total yield/hectare. High heritability with high genetic advance as percent over mean was found for fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruit/plant, average fruit weight, marketable yield/plant, and total yield/plant indicating inheritance of these traits is controlled by additive genes. Based on correlation and path coefficient analysis, number of fruits/plant and marketable yield/plant were most promising selection indices for improving yield under organic conditions. D2 values for 46 genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters. Cluster II exhibited maximum intra-cluster diversity and maximum inter-cluster divergence occurred between clusters I and II. Genotypes PB-109, PB-111, Pusa Anupam, and Pusa Purple Cluster had comparatively higher yielder with lowest fruit borer infestation and may be suitable for cultivation with organic/low input agriculture.
In order to evaluate the effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield attributes and ... more In order to evaluate the effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield attributes and yield of Potato cv. Kufri Khyati, an experiment was undertaken during winter season of 2018-19 at Vegetable Research Centre of GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The experiment was consisted of seven treatments replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. During the experiment, various observations such as emergence per cent, growth and yield attributes, harvest index and economics of the treatments were evaluated with respect to split application of nitrogen. The emergence per cent was recorded at 30 days after planting (DAP). Among growth parameters, plant height, number of haulms, diameter of haulms was recorded at 30, 45 and 60 DAP. Whereas, yield and yield attributing characters viz., grade wise number of tubers per plot, total number of tubers per plot & per hectare, grade wise weight of tubers per plot, total weight of tubers per plot & per hectare and harvest index was recorded at the time of harvest. The study revealed that the growth, yield attributing characters and yield was influenced by split application of nitrogen and significantly increased values were obtained. Among seven treatments, 50 % basal N of RDF + 25 % top dressing at 25 DAP + two foliar spray @ 2 % urea at 40 and 55 DAP was found best regarding growth, tuber yield and B-C ratio.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. Brinjal grows throughout the tr... more Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. Brinjal grows throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a major vegetable crop grown throughout India for its tender fruits. Being day neutral plant, it is widely grown during summer and winter seasons to fulfil the market demand. It is grown for its immature, unripe fruits which are used in the variety of ways as cooked vegetable in curries. It is grown extensively in all parts of India except at higher altitude. Genetic variability plays an important role in a crop in selecting the best genotypes for making rapid improvement in yield and other desirable characters as well as to select the potential parents for hybridization programmes. The progress in breeding for economic characters that are mostly polygenically controlled and hence environmentally influenced is determined by the magnitude and nature of their genetic variability. Heritability is an index for calculating the relative influence of environment on expression of genotypes. It becomes very difficult to judge the proportion of variability that is really heritable. Most of the researchers found that characters like fruit length, fruit weight and fruit breadth showed comparatively high GCV value. Likewise literature reviewed in this paper showed high heritability and genetic advance for characters like average fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruit per plant and yield per plant. High heritability and genetic advance indicating additive gene action suggested that simple selection could be effective for the improvement of those traits.
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2018
The study was carried out to determine combining ability and association of yield with its associ... more The study was carried out to determine combining ability and association of yield with its associated components among crosses that were derived from seven selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) parents. Twenty-one hybrids were generated from diallel crosses excluding reciprocals. Hybrids along with seven parents were studied for combining ability for seed yield. The result indicated that the general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were significant for all the characters indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components. Pant Lobia-5 had good general combining ability for plant height, green pod yield per plant, seed yield per hectare, 100-seed weight and seed weight per plant. Pant Lobia-1 was the best general combiner for number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight whereas, Pant Lobia-2 was found to be good general combiner for number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per plant and seed yield ...
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2017
A study was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricu... more A study was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during Spring-Summer and Rainy season of 2012 and 2013 using 12 diverse parental lines of okra and their 66 F1 hybrids (through diallel cross-excluding reciprocals) with the objective to measure the extent of heterosis over better parent and standard commercial check varieties for the purpose of judging the extent up to which heterosis can be exploited in commercial okra breeding. The extent of heterosis for five best crosses over better parent and check (48.32 % to 82.42 % and 7.13 % to 35.66 %, respectively) for yield per hectare suggested the great scope of realizing higher yield in okra through heterosis breeding. Other economic traits also recorded moderate to high level of heterosis over the better parents. The cross combination IC -282280×EC – 329380showed high heterosis over better parent and standard check for pod yield (82.42 %...
HortFlora Research Spectrum, 2014
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Apr 10, 2018
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci, 2020
In order to evaluate the effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield attributes and ... more In order to evaluate the effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield attributes and yield of Potato cv. Kufri Khyati, an experiment was undertaken during winter season of 2018-19 at Vegetable Research Centre of GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The experiment was consisted of seven treatments replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. During the experiment, various observations such as emergence per cent, growth and yield attributes, harvest index and economics of the treatments were evaluated with respect to split application of nitrogen. The emergence per cent was recorded at 30 days after planting (DAP). Among growth parameters, plant height, number of haulms, diameter of haulms was recorded at 30, 45 and 60 DAP. Whereas, yield and yield attributing characters viz., grade wise number of tubers per plot, total number of tubers per plot & per hectare, grade wise weight of tubers per plot, total weight of tubers per plot & per hectare and harvest index was recorded at the time of harvest. The study revealed that the growth, yield attributing characters and yield was influenced by split application of nitrogen and significantly increased values were obtained. Among seven treatments, 50 % basal N of RDF + 25 % top dressing at 25 DAP + two foliar spray @ 2 % urea at 40 and 55 DAP was found best regarding growth, tuber yield and B-C ratio.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), having wide variability, offers a good deal of opportunity for g... more Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), having wide variability, offers a good deal of opportunity for genetic improvement. Wide variation occurred for different quantitative traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation for all the quantitative characters. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed in fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits/plant, fruit weight and marketable yield/plant. The characters fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight and number of fruit/plant shows high heritability, along with high genetic advance as percent over mean which indicated inheritance of those characters is controlled mainly by additive genes, and selection based on phenotypic performance may prove useful. Number of branches/plant, fruit diameter and marketable yield/plant had significantly positive genotypic correlations with total yield/plant. Out of ten yield component traits, marketable yield/plant followed by fruit weight and number of fruits/plant exhibited highly positive direct effects on total yield/plant. These traits should be used to improve fruit yield of brinjal. Introduction Brijal (Solanum melongena L.) is extremely variable in habit and appearance. Extensive use of local landraces, or non-selfed seed of improved varieties, and biotic factors have resulted in reduction in optimum productivity of eggplant in India. Its center of origin was in the India and China is believed to be the secondary centre of origin. Many landraces/varieties having extensive variability are cultivated in different parts of India and some of the variations are so localized that their cultivation beyond the particular zone is completely unknown. Extensive collection, and evaluation of germplasm to identify superior types having desirable horticultural traits, conservation, and utilization of diversity, are important in improvement of this crop. Genotypes of eggplant have been characterized (Chattopadhyay et al., 2011 and Begum et al., 2013) [6, 3]. Variability is a combined measure of genetic and environmental causes. The heritable variability, and more particularly its genetic component, is clearly the most important aspect of the genetic constitution of the breeding material, which has a close connection on its response to selection. A measure of heritability and genetic advance give an idea about the expected gain in next generation. High yield can be achieved by selection of characters that have high heritability coupled with genetic advance. Selection of one trait invariably affects a number of associated traits which evokes the necessity of determining interrelationships of various yield components among them and with yield.
सब्जियाँ लोगों की पोषण सुरक्षा में बहुत महत्वपूर्ण हैं, इसलिए सब्जियों को सुरक्षात्मक खाद्य पदार... more सब्जियाँ लोगों की पोषण सुरक्षा में बहुत महत्वपूर्ण हैं, इसलिए सब्जियों को सुरक्षात्मक खाद्य पदार्थ कहा जाता है और ये राष्ट्र की समृद्धि में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती हैं। खरीफ माह मे सब्जी उत्पादन के लिए वे ही फसलें उपयुक्त हैं, जिन्हें अपनी बढ़वार और विकास के लिए अपेक्षाकृत गरम व नम वातावरण की आवश्यकता होती है। पौधशाला में बोवाई मई के अंत या जून माह के प्रथम सप्ताह मे और जुलाई के माह मे पौध प्रत्यारोपण करने के बाद इन सब्जियों से अक्तूबर या नवम्बर माह तक फलत ली जा सकती है। विभिन्न खीरावर्गीय सब्जियां जैसे लौकी, खीरा, करेला, तोरई इत्यादि टमाटर, मिर्च, फूलगोभी की अगेती किस्में, भिंडी, सेम आदि की इस मौसम में सफल खेती की जा सकती है। अधिकांश सब्जियों में जलभराव की स्थिति में ऑक्सीजन की कमी हो जाने के कारण उनकी ऑक्सीजनजीवी अभिक्रियायें प्रभावित होती हैं। अधिक वर्षा से लोबिया, मिर्च व टमाटर आदि में फूल के झड़ने की समस्या भी दिखाई देती है। ऐसे जलभराव प्रवृत क्षेत्रों में गर्मी वाले प्याज की फसल लगाने के लिए ऊंची क्यारियाँ बनाकर उन पर पौध लगाई जानी चाहिए। कम जलनिकासी वाली मृदाओं में सामान्य तौर पर जड़ों को सबसे अधिक हानि पहुँचने वाले दो रोग फाइटोफ्थोरा और पिथियमजन्य होते हैं। ऐसे क्षेत्रों में कवकरोधी रसायनों के प्रयोग से ही रोगों का प्रकोप कम किया जा सकता है और इस तरह जलभराव को प्रबंधित किया जा सकता है। इस प्रकार यदि सही फसल व प्रजाति का चयन किया जाए और उन्नत सब्जी उत्पादन तकनीकों को अपनाया जाए तो खरीफ के मौसम मे भी सफल सब्जी उत्पादन किया जा सकता है।
Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous vegetable crop cultivated throughout t... more Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous vegetable crop cultivated throughout the world. Thirty eight genotypes were evaluated in RBD with 3 replications in GBPUA&T, Pantnagar for the analysis of genetic divergence. The present study evaluated genetic diversity of accessions through genetic components analyses, and genetic divergence by multivariate and principal component analysis (PCA). Thirty eight genotypes were meaningfully grouped into seven clusters. Cluster III was the largest having fourteen genotypes followed by cluster I, cluster II, cluster IV, cluster V, cluster VI and cluster VII had minimum genotypes. There is no direct relationship between geographical distribution and genetic distance. Among the seven clusters, cluster III showed maximum intra-cluster distance followed by cluster II. Based on inter-cluster distances, the maximum divergence was observed between cluster IV and cluster VII indicating that the genotypes in these clusters could be utilized as parents in hybridization programme to develop high heterotic hybrids and to identify transgressive segregant in F2 generation. Among the studied characters number fruit per plants showed maximum contribution towards the diversity. On the basis of principal component analysis and average values, genotypes ‘Pusa Kaushal’, ‘PB-70’ and ‘Niranjan’ possessed optimum combinations of all variables and could be utilized as donor parents in breeding of eggplant.
A REVIEW ON VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN EGG PLANT (Solanum melongena L.)
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. Brinjal grows throughout the tr... more Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. Brinjal grows throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a major vegetable crop grown throughout India for its tender fruits. Being day neutral plant, it is widely grown during summer and winter seasons to fulfil the market demand. It is grown for its immature, unripe fruits which are used in the variety of ways as cooked vegetable in curries. It is grown extensively in all parts of India except at higher altitude. Genetic variability plays an important role in a crop in selecting the best genotypes for making rapid improvement in yield and other desirable characters as well as to select the potential parents for hybridization programmes. The progress in breeding for economic characters that are mostly polygenically controlled and hence environmentally influenced is determined by the magnitude and nature of their genetic variability. Heritability is an index for calculating the relative influence of environment on expression of genotypes. It becomes very difficult to judge the proportion of variability that is really heritable. Most of the researchers found that characters like fruit length, fruit weight and fruit breadth showed comparatively high GCV value. Likewise literature reviewed in this paper showed high heritability and genetic advance for characters like average fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruit per plant and yield per plant. High heritability and genetic advance indicating additive gene action suggested that simple selection could be effective for the improvement of those traits.