Michael Grossman | Graduate Center of the City University of New York (original) (raw)

Papers by Michael Grossman

... they have been shown to be correlated with demand in previous studies (Farrelly et al., 2001;... more ... they have been shown to be correlated with demand in previous studies (Farrelly et al., 2001; DeSimone and Farrelly, 2003; Pacula et al., 2003). ... relationship of our dependent variable (Deb, Manning and Norton, 2003). A Box-Cox test is ...

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Dec 31, 2017

Columbia University Press eBooks, Dec 31, 2017

The Demand for Health, 2017

The Demand for Health, 2017

The Demand for Health, 2017

Determinants of Health, 2017

The purpose of thit.research is to investigate the,determinants of children's-health with particu... more The purpose of thit.research is to investigate the,determinants of children's-health with particular, reference to home and Iocal'envirotmental,yariables such 'a family income.. parents' schoolina, preventive medical care, and h alth manpower availability.. Wherever possible, children's health is studied in the context of the nature-nuture controversy. The .findings indicate that family characteristics (especially the mother's schoolinglido have significant effect on children's health and that preventive care is an important ,vehicle in the case of dental health, but not in the case of physical health. Similarly, the greater '= availability of dentists has a positive effect on dental health, but: (Treater availability of pediatricians does not alter the physical health measures. (Author/JD1

Household production and …, 1975

THE relationship between health status and socioeconomic conditions is a subject of increasing co... more THE relationship between health status and socioeconomic conditions is a subject of increasing concern for both medicine and social science. Several recent studies in the United States indicate that among socioeconomic variables, years of formal schooling completed is probably the most important correlate of good health (Stockwell 1963;

A recent report sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on A... more A recent report sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism suggests that illicit drug use in America costs society approximately $98 billion each year (NIDA/NIAAA 1998). Adults alone do not generate these costs. Statistics from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) show that current use of illicit drugs among youths (twelve to seventeen years of age) doubled from a historic low in 1992 of 5.3 percent to 11.4 percent in 1997 before falling to 9.9 percent in 1998 (SAMHSA 1999). Data from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study yielded even higher estimates of use and a similar sharp increase in that period (Johnston, O'Malley, and Bachman 1999). Even more disturbing, however, is the finding that, of an estimated 4.1 million people who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA

Poverty reduction is the mantra of development policies today. Three out of every four people in ... more Poverty reduction is the mantra of development policies today. Three out of every four people in the developing world live in rural areas, either directly or indirectly depending on agriculture. Agriculture-led development strategies need to be at the core of any poverty reduction strategy, as agroindustralisation, i.e. the transition towards more commercialised agriculture systems, can bear positive effects for the poor, such as offfarm employment creation and stimulated economic growth in general. In order to reap these potential benefits, it is crucial to address the specific skill needs that occur at different levels of agroindustrialisation. Currently, agricultural education and training (AET) systems fail to respond to these challenges, which is reflected in a high fragmentation of AET systems in the developing world and a lack of donor initiatives in middle-level training projects. Evidence from developing and developed countries reveal that skill strategies need to be integrated into a coherent rural development strategy that aims at addressing the important constraints to agriculture-led development, which are widespread, especially in low developed economies.

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care, 2008

Background: The transfusion of relatively older stored blood has been associated with an increase... more Background: The transfusion of relatively older stored blood has been associated with an increased risk of multiple organ failure, infection, and death. It remains unknown whether this phenomenon is mitigated by transfusion of leukoreduced red cell units. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of stored blood age on mortality in injured patients who universally received leukoreduced blood. Methods: Trauma patients who received >1 unit of blood during the first 24 hours after hospital arrival were selected for inclusion. Patients were stratified both according to total units and "old" units (>14 days) versus "young" units (<14 days) received in the initial 24 hours. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the association between mortality and the age and amount of blood transfused, adjusted for age, sex, injury severity, injury mechanism, number of units transfused, and length of stay. Results: Over 7.5 years, 1,813 patients met study criteria. Among patients who received a total of 1 to 2 or 3 to 5 units in the first 24 hours, there was no association between the amount and age of transfused blood and mortality. For patients who received a total of >6 units, the presence of >3 units of young blood was associated with a 3.8-fold increased odds of death (CI: 1.1-12.7), compared with a 7.8-fold (CI: 2.3-26.3) increased odds of death associated with the presence of >3 units of old blood (p ‫؍‬ 0.0024). Conclusion: Although larger volumes of blood, irrespective of age, are associated with increased odds of mortality, the transfusion of blood stored beyond 2 weeks appears to potentiate this association despite a practice of universal leukoreduction. For patients who receive relatively smaller transfusion volumes, blood age appears to have no effect on mortality.

Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 2009

Recent research demonstrating that relational aggression is associated with peer relationship dif... more Recent research demonstrating that relational aggression is associated with peer relationship difficulties, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, social processing deficits, and possibly later mental health disorders among girls has emphasized the need to address the unique expression of aggression amongst females. Despite these findings, almost all aggression interventions have been directed towards physically aggressive boys. In the current manuscript, authors describe the acceptability and initial effectiveness of a culturally-adapted social problem solving/social skills intervention for inner-city third to fifth grade urban, African American, relationally aggressive girls called the Friend to Friend Program. The authors partnered with youth, teachers, parents, and playground supervisors to design the program, and the current study presents preliminary data suggesting that the intervention is viewed as highly acceptable by participating girls and teachers. Further, the intervention appears to have promise for decreasing at-risk girls' levels of relationally and physically aggressive behaviors, hostile attributions, and loneliness. Although prior research has found that school-aged children frequently exhibit physical aggression, more recent research has demonstrated that girls are likely to express their anger by manipulating others' social standing, which has been termed relational aggression (e.g., gossiping, threatening to withdraw friendships; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995). Research suggests that relational aggression is related to peer relationship problems, social processing deficits, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Crick, 1995, 1996), that relationally aggressive behavior becomes more frequent over time (Murray-Close, Ostrov, & Crick, 2007), and that it may be associated with later mental health disorders among girls (Geiger & Crick, 2001). Relationally aggressive behaviors are frequent among inner-city girls and often lead to physical conflicts (Talbott, Celinksa, Simpson, & Coe, 2002). Prior research highlights the complicated nature of relational aggression, especially for urban African American girls. Despite advances in the understanding of relational aggression, particularly among girls, almost all aggression interventions still target physical aggression among boys (Leff, Power, Manz, Costigan, & Nabors, 2001). Thus, contrary to the proliferation of popularized books on relational and social aggression, there have been relatively few empirically-supported interventions to decrease relational aggression, with a few notable exceptions. For example, Second Step is a classroom-based violence prevention curriculum that is designed to change maladaptive attitudes towards aggression, teach empathy awareness, and promote problem solving abilities (Van Schoiack-Edstrom, Frey, & Beland, 2002). Results from recent studies Correspondence should be mailed to Stephen S. Leff at The Children'

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Columbia University Press eBooks, Dec 31, 2017

... they have been shown to be correlated with demand in previous studies (Farrelly et al., 2001;... more ... they have been shown to be correlated with demand in previous studies (Farrelly et al., 2001; DeSimone and Farrelly, 2003; Pacula et al., 2003). ... relationship of our dependent variable (Deb, Manning and Norton, 2003). A Box-Cox test is ...

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Dec 31, 2017

Columbia University Press eBooks, Dec 31, 2017

The Demand for Health, 2017

The Demand for Health, 2017

The Demand for Health, 2017

Determinants of Health, 2017

The purpose of thit.research is to investigate the,determinants of children's-health with particu... more The purpose of thit.research is to investigate the,determinants of children's-health with particular, reference to home and Iocal'envirotmental,yariables such 'a family income.. parents' schoolina, preventive medical care, and h alth manpower availability.. Wherever possible, children's health is studied in the context of the nature-nuture controversy. The .findings indicate that family characteristics (especially the mother's schoolinglido have significant effect on children's health and that preventive care is an important ,vehicle in the case of dental health, but not in the case of physical health. Similarly, the greater '= availability of dentists has a positive effect on dental health, but: (Treater availability of pediatricians does not alter the physical health measures. (Author/JD1

Household production and …, 1975

THE relationship between health status and socioeconomic conditions is a subject of increasing co... more THE relationship between health status and socioeconomic conditions is a subject of increasing concern for both medicine and social science. Several recent studies in the United States indicate that among socioeconomic variables, years of formal schooling completed is probably the most important correlate of good health (Stockwell 1963;

A recent report sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on A... more A recent report sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism suggests that illicit drug use in America costs society approximately $98 billion each year (NIDA/NIAAA 1998). Adults alone do not generate these costs. Statistics from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) show that current use of illicit drugs among youths (twelve to seventeen years of age) doubled from a historic low in 1992 of 5.3 percent to 11.4 percent in 1997 before falling to 9.9 percent in 1998 (SAMHSA 1999). Data from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study yielded even higher estimates of use and a similar sharp increase in that period (Johnston, O'Malley, and Bachman 1999). Even more disturbing, however, is the finding that, of an estimated 4.1 million people who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA

Poverty reduction is the mantra of development policies today. Three out of every four people in ... more Poverty reduction is the mantra of development policies today. Three out of every four people in the developing world live in rural areas, either directly or indirectly depending on agriculture. Agriculture-led development strategies need to be at the core of any poverty reduction strategy, as agroindustralisation, i.e. the transition towards more commercialised agriculture systems, can bear positive effects for the poor, such as offfarm employment creation and stimulated economic growth in general. In order to reap these potential benefits, it is crucial to address the specific skill needs that occur at different levels of agroindustrialisation. Currently, agricultural education and training (AET) systems fail to respond to these challenges, which is reflected in a high fragmentation of AET systems in the developing world and a lack of donor initiatives in middle-level training projects. Evidence from developing and developed countries reveal that skill strategies need to be integrated into a coherent rural development strategy that aims at addressing the important constraints to agriculture-led development, which are widespread, especially in low developed economies.

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care, 2008

Background: The transfusion of relatively older stored blood has been associated with an increase... more Background: The transfusion of relatively older stored blood has been associated with an increased risk of multiple organ failure, infection, and death. It remains unknown whether this phenomenon is mitigated by transfusion of leukoreduced red cell units. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of stored blood age on mortality in injured patients who universally received leukoreduced blood. Methods: Trauma patients who received >1 unit of blood during the first 24 hours after hospital arrival were selected for inclusion. Patients were stratified both according to total units and "old" units (>14 days) versus "young" units (<14 days) received in the initial 24 hours. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the association between mortality and the age and amount of blood transfused, adjusted for age, sex, injury severity, injury mechanism, number of units transfused, and length of stay. Results: Over 7.5 years, 1,813 patients met study criteria. Among patients who received a total of 1 to 2 or 3 to 5 units in the first 24 hours, there was no association between the amount and age of transfused blood and mortality. For patients who received a total of >6 units, the presence of >3 units of young blood was associated with a 3.8-fold increased odds of death (CI: 1.1-12.7), compared with a 7.8-fold (CI: 2.3-26.3) increased odds of death associated with the presence of >3 units of old blood (p ‫؍‬ 0.0024). Conclusion: Although larger volumes of blood, irrespective of age, are associated with increased odds of mortality, the transfusion of blood stored beyond 2 weeks appears to potentiate this association despite a practice of universal leukoreduction. For patients who receive relatively smaller transfusion volumes, blood age appears to have no effect on mortality.

Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 2009

Recent research demonstrating that relational aggression is associated with peer relationship dif... more Recent research demonstrating that relational aggression is associated with peer relationship difficulties, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, social processing deficits, and possibly later mental health disorders among girls has emphasized the need to address the unique expression of aggression amongst females. Despite these findings, almost all aggression interventions have been directed towards physically aggressive boys. In the current manuscript, authors describe the acceptability and initial effectiveness of a culturally-adapted social problem solving/social skills intervention for inner-city third to fifth grade urban, African American, relationally aggressive girls called the Friend to Friend Program. The authors partnered with youth, teachers, parents, and playground supervisors to design the program, and the current study presents preliminary data suggesting that the intervention is viewed as highly acceptable by participating girls and teachers. Further, the intervention appears to have promise for decreasing at-risk girls' levels of relationally and physically aggressive behaviors, hostile attributions, and loneliness. Although prior research has found that school-aged children frequently exhibit physical aggression, more recent research has demonstrated that girls are likely to express their anger by manipulating others' social standing, which has been termed relational aggression (e.g., gossiping, threatening to withdraw friendships; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995). Research suggests that relational aggression is related to peer relationship problems, social processing deficits, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Crick, 1995, 1996), that relationally aggressive behavior becomes more frequent over time (Murray-Close, Ostrov, & Crick, 2007), and that it may be associated with later mental health disorders among girls (Geiger & Crick, 2001). Relationally aggressive behaviors are frequent among inner-city girls and often lead to physical conflicts (Talbott, Celinksa, Simpson, & Coe, 2002). Prior research highlights the complicated nature of relational aggression, especially for urban African American girls. Despite advances in the understanding of relational aggression, particularly among girls, almost all aggression interventions still target physical aggression among boys (Leff, Power, Manz, Costigan, & Nabors, 2001). Thus, contrary to the proliferation of popularized books on relational and social aggression, there have been relatively few empirically-supported interventions to decrease relational aggression, with a few notable exceptions. For example, Second Step is a classroom-based violence prevention curriculum that is designed to change maladaptive attitudes towards aggression, teach empathy awareness, and promote problem solving abilities (Van Schoiack-Edstrom, Frey, & Beland, 2002). Results from recent studies Correspondence should be mailed to Stephen S. Leff at The Children'

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Columbia University Press eBooks, Dec 31, 2017