Abdul Ghaffar | Govt.College University Faisalabad Pakistan (original) (raw)

Papers by Abdul Ghaffar

Review of Economics and Development Studies

The interconnection between economic development, fervid crossovers in the frame of contagious di... more The interconnection between economic development, fervid crossovers in the frame of contagious diseases, and environmental problems, in particular, have, until now, seen less scrutiny from environmental economists. Empirical evidence suggests that great economic recessions have proven to affect the prioritization of environmental and climate protection. The current study surveys the perception of the residents of Lahore, Pakistan regarding their environmental perception and awareness of climate change issues at the time of post-COVID-19 economic recession. Furthermore, the present study investigates several economic factors including the impact of economic recession influencing the environmental behavior of mainstream society. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was utilized to gather data from 343 respondents belonging to a public university in Pakistan. To statistically analyze the date, chi square test and multinomial logistic regression was utilized to examine signifi...

Cornell University - arXiv, Mar 6, 2018

This work is devoted to establish the strong convergence results of an iterative algorithm genera... more This work is devoted to establish the strong convergence results of an iterative algorithm generated by the shrinking projection method in Hilbert spaces. The proposed approximation sequence is used to find a common element in the set of solutions of a finite family of split equilibrium problems and the set of common fixed points of a finite family of total asymptotically strict pseudo contractions in such setting. The results presented in this paper improve and extend some recent corresponding results in the literature.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Class A macrophage scavenger receptors (MSRs) have a remarkably broad ligand specificity and are ... more Class A macrophage scavenger receptors (MSRs) have a remarkably broad ligand specificity and are well-known for their roles in atherogenesis and host defense. Recently, we demonstrated that these receptors also recognize and mediate adhesion to denatured forms of type I collagen. In this study, the involvement of the collagenous domain of MSRs in binding to denatured type I collagen was investigated. Transient expression of full-length, native type II MSR in COS-1 cells conferred adhesion to denatured type I collagens, whereas expression of a truncated receptor lacking the distal portion of the collagenous domain did not. Further, a synthetic peptide derived from the collagenous domain was effective in abrogating M adhesion to denatured forms of type I collagen. We also addressed collagen-type specificity by examining MSR affinity for type III and type IV collagens. As with type I collagen, Ms adhered only to denatured forms of type III collagen. Moreover, the adhesion was mediated by MSRs. In contrast, adhesion to denatured type IV collagen was not shown to be MSR-dependent, but adhesion to the native form was. MSR-mediated adhesion to types III and IV collagens was also shown to be dependent on the collagenous domain. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the collagenous domain is involved in MSR-mediated adhesion to denatured forms of types I and III collagens and native, but not denatured, type IV collagen.

Atmosphere, 2021

The rationale of this study is to highlight the significance of relationships of dengue transmiss... more The rationale of this study is to highlight the significance of relationships of dengue transmission with climate and societal factors for four major cities in Pakistan (i.e., Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, and Karachi). These cities have been observed to report higher numbers of dengue cases in the last few years, with the highest number of cases reported during 2011. With careful consideration, the relationships of dengue transmission with climate factors, human population density, and traveling in the study areas have been taken into account. Regression model and generalized linear mixed model (GLM) with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm are computed to determine the relationships and random effects of different social (human population density, traveling) and climate (minimum-maximum temperatures, and rainfall) factors on dengue transmission. Neural network (NN) with multilayer perceptron algorithm is used to analyze the normalized importance of different covariates rela...

Ruminants are the most abundant (over 3 billion individuals) and diverse (up to over 300 distingu... more Ruminants are the most abundant (over 3 billion individuals) and diverse (up to over 300 distinguished species) group of ungulates. They include most of the agriculturally, environmentally, economically and culturally important species on earth. Ruminants display a fascinating spectrum of adaptations allowing them to successfully inhabit nearly every terrestrial biome. Yet, the evolutionary history of ruminants remains unresolved. The fossil record documents 43 million years of diversification including several key radiations, marking important steps in ruminant cladogenesis. This long time of radiations and extinctions makes ruminants an ideal group in which to study many aspects of evolutionary theory, like selection and speciation. Ruminant phylogenetics has been a subject of scientific interest since the initial Linnean classification in 1735. Many competing phylogenetic hypotheses have been advanced since then, linking the many extinct and the six surviving ruminant families in almost every possible manner. For 250 years, these hypotheses were based on comparative studies of diverse phenotypic traits in a wide array of disciplines. In the last 20 years, advances in genome sequencing, developmental genetics, and computational phylogenetics have brought new forms of data and methodologies to bear on these questions. In some cases, this has helped to resolve phylogeny. In others, it has added to the confusion. Both phenomic and genomic data from fossil and extant species accumulate at an ever increasing rate. Expertise from specialists in all of these diverse disciplines is needed to make a coherent and logical synthesis of this enormous amount of data. The International Conference on Ruminant Phylogenetics is the first of its kind and aims to provide an interdisciplinary meeting environment, promoting interaction of leading experts in diverse aspects of comparative ruminant (palaeo)biology. It includes reviews of critical disciplines by recognised experts, presentation and discussion of the most recent research results by participants and working group sessions on special topics and issues. It is designed to produce a stimulating atmosphere for intensive debate on crucial issues leading to the recognition of critical deficiencies and the initiation of collaborative efforts to resolve them. We wish all participants a memorable conference with a fruitful outcome and the beginning of a new era in ruminant phylogenetics. Welcome to Munich!

Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2010

Kashmir region is one of the most seismic prone area lies on the Eurasian and Indian plate bounda... more Kashmir region is one of the most seismic prone area lies on the Eurasian and Indian plate boundary. It has been the host of many great earthquakes from centuries including last 8 October 2005 earthquake. This study involves the seismicity pattern of Kashmir region before and after 8 October 2005 earthquake. Although the spatial and temporal seismicity patterns in an earthquake-prone Kashmir region are closely related to both tectonic regime and fault structures. It is the most difficult to quantify the relations in a way which allows large events in the seismic region to be predicted. However, regular and persistent studies regarding seismic activities are most important phenomena for the future recurrence and magnitude of earthquakes. Seismicity time properties of Kashmir region are investigated through a systematic pattern recognition analysis. Statistical methods have been applied to a long time database of instrumental data recorded from 1904 – 2006. The seismicity pattern of t...

Al-Manar, 2021

Efforts of interpretation by a mufassir cannot be separated from the context of his social space.... more Efforts of interpretation by a mufassir cannot be separated from the context of his social space. Because the interpretation process that is done is not in a empty room that is independent of social life. This thing cannot be separated from the effort of an interpreter with the surrounding of social environment. Under these circumstances, it is very fascinating to analyze the interpretation with the currently developing educational nowadays, for instance, knowing the extent to which interpretation embraces the science of child education in the Qur’an. From here, then the question arises, how the interpretation of the classical and modern era of verse Q.S. Lukman / 31: 13-19? How is the compatibility of theories and models of child education delivered by education experts and explanations of classical, modern era commentators on this verse? Looking at the context of this research, the theoretical review used is the theory of group communication, which in this theory said that a group...

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2015

Maximum removal (94±1.2%) of 2, 4 dichlorophenol (50 mg.dm-3) was achieved on silica with agitati... more Maximum removal (94±1.2%) of 2, 4 dichlorophenol (50 mg.dm-3) was achieved on silica with agitation of 4 hours, at pH 8 and 42°C. The positive enthalpy (∆H) and negative free energy values (∆G 315K) suggested the endothermic and a spontaneous nature of sorption. The free energy of the process at all temperature was negative and increased with the increase in temperature. The values of free energy suggested a spontaneous process where the spontaneity decreased with the rise in temperature. Positive values of ΔS described the randomness and a greater stability of sorption process with no structural changes at the solid-solution interface during the sorption. The data was subjected to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and the values of q e (mg.g-1), K 1,ads and K 2,ads (min-1) demonstrated that pseudo first order model was not fit for process, whereas, the pseudo second order kinetic model was best to describe the kinetics of process. The Elovich model and Intra particle diffusion kinetic model graph were best to describe the kinetics for DCP. A comparative experimental data revealed that developed method might be employed for removal of DCP from the aqueous industrial effluents before discharging them into water bodies.

REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PALEONTOLOGIA, 2018

Previously described fossil remains of the family Cervidae are considered for the age estimation ... more Previously described fossil remains of the family Cervidae are considered for the age estimation of two well-known fossiliferous localities of Dhok Pathan Formation (i.e. Dhok Pathan Type section and Hasnot). It is now well established that different species of the tribe Cervini appeared in the Pliocene in the Siwalik continental deposits. This information is based on the fossil record of these species, and molecular phylogenetic studies regarding the separation of different genera of the tribe Cervini also agree with this age. In previous literature, the age of these fossil sites has been recognized as late Miocene mostly, while other authors mentioned the age of these sites as Pliocene, entirely based on the mammalian fossil assemblages. Recent field surveys conducted in these localities reveals that the fossils, mostly found in pockets and fossil sites within these localities, have a late Miocene-Pliocene age, based on the mammalian fauna.

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2011

There are no reliable estimates of the burden of fall-related injuries in Pakistan. To assess thi... more There are no reliable estimates of the burden of fall-related injuries in Pakistan. To assess this burden and develop an epidemiologic profile for these injuries data from the National Injury Survey of Pakistan, a crosssectional population-based survey on injuries, were analysed to determine incidence and relative risks for fall injury. The annual incidence of fall-related injuries was 8.85 per 1000 population per year (95% CI: 6.8-11.3). The mean and median age of individuals injured by falls was 19 years and 10.5 years respectively. Children under the age of 15 years were at a substantially higher risk of fall injuries. Being a student and farmer/labourer/vendor were associated with a higher risk for falls compared with unemployed. Fall-related injuries are a health burden in Pakistan, especially in children under 15 years of age. This represents a significant loss of healthy life and requires policies to curb this burden in the population.

Journal of Applied Physiology, 1994

Recent evidence suggests that exercise affects macrophage functions and that amount of exercise m... more Recent evidence suggests that exercise affects macrophage functions and that amount of exercise may be important. We determined effects of moderate (MOD) and exhaustive treadmill running (EXH) on 1) ability of macrophages to become activated for antitumor cytotoxicity after injection of heat-inactivated Propionibacterium acnes in vivo, 2) macrophage responsiveness to activating agents lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, and 3) role of glucocorticoids and various macrophage metabolic products in modulating cytotoxicity in exercised animals. Male C3H/HeN mice were randomly assigned to MOD (18 m/min, 5% grade, 30 min/day) or EXH (18–35 m/min, 5%, 2–4 h) on a motor-driven treadmill. Control animals were kept in simulated treadmill lanes located directly over the runners. In general, both MOD and EXH increased cytotoxicity (42 and 22%, respectively, across all experiments; P < 0.05). Enhanced cytotoxicity was not due to altered macrophage adherence, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, i...

Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 2017

In this paper, new fossil data from a new fossil locality with its taxonomic relationships and ge... more In this paper, new fossil data from a new fossil locality with its taxonomic relationships and geological aspects is discussed. A thorough comparison of studied specimens with all known cervid species from Europe and South Asia of this time span supports the assignment of these antlers to Axis cf. A. punjabiensis. Limited data are available on Siwalik antlers and any new fossil will definitely add to our understanding of this group of mammals.

International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2001

Exercise can increase plasma inflammatory cytokine concentrations in humans, but tissue responses... more Exercise can increase plasma inflammatory cytokine concentrations in humans, but tissue responses are not well studied. We examined plasma concentrations and tissue expression of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 following treadmill running in mice. C57B1/6 mice were randomly assigned to: non-exercise control (CON), sacrifice at 0 or 1.5 h after 60 min running (MOD0, MOD 1.5), sacrifice at 0, 1.5, or 3 h after fatiguing running (approximately 3 h) (EX0, EX1.5, EX3), or lipopolysaccharide (25 microg) with no exercise (LPS). Lung, liver, muscle, and brain mRNA expression was analyzed (n = 4-6/group) using reverse transcriptase-rapid polymerase chain reaction (RT-RPCR). Plasma cytokine concentrations were determined (n =4-10/group) by ELISA. Plasma IL-6 was higher in EX1.5, and lung TNFalpha mRNA was higher in EX1.5 and EX3 compared to CON (P < 0.05). No significant increases in plasma cytokine concentrations or tissue cytokine expression were found in other EX groups. LPS significantly increased these cytokine measures in tissues and plasma, with the exception of plasma IL-1beta which was undetectable. The source of the plasma IL-6 following exercise does not appear to be lung, liver, muscle, or brain tissue, and remains to be determined. These data also suggest that tissue level cytokine expression may not necessarily lead to increased plasma cytokine concentrations.

Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 2016

Seven species of Sivaonyx genus have been described so far from Eurasia and Africa. The type spec... more Seven species of Sivaonyx genus have been described so far from Eurasia and Africa. The type species of the genus is Sivaonyx bathygnathus (Lydekker), of which the holotype specimen is GSI D33. In this paper, new fragmentary material from the Dhok Pathan Formation (Middle Siwaliks) of Hasnot, Pakistan is described. Among the known late Miocene-Pliocene fossiliferrous localities, Hasnot is the only fossil bearing locality that preserves a significant fossil record of the genus Sivaonyx. Phylogenetic relationships and stratigraphic implications of the newly discovered material with already described specimens from the Siwaliks as well as with all known species of Sivaonyx from Africa and Asia are given. The new description of the specimen from the early Pliocene (5.3-3.5Ma) show a younger stratigraphic range than described earlier in the Siwalik continental deposits.

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 2006

ABSTRACT Four dentary fragments of the deer species, Cervus cf. rewati (Cervidae, Artiodactyla, M... more ABSTRACT Four dentary fragments of the deer species, Cervus cf. rewati (Cervidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) are described from the Dhok Pathan Formation, Middle Siwaliks (Siwalik Group, Pliocene) of northern Pakistan. The specimens under study include the lower teeth and exhibit the basic characters of Cervus rewati. Arif et al. (1991) described this species for the first time from the Upper Siwaliks (Pleistocene) but our findings extend the range of this species from the Pliocene of the Middle Siwaliks to the Upper Si-waliks of the Indian subcontinent. Es werden vier Unterkieferfragmente von der Cervus cf. rewati (Cervidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) aus der Dhok Pathan Forma-tion, Mittlere Siwaliks (Siwalik-Gruppe, Pliozän) aus dem nördlichen Pakistan beschrieben. Die Unterkieferzähne zeigen die prinzi-piellen Merkmale von Cervus rewati. Arif et al. (1991) beschrieben diesen Art zum ersten Mal aus den oberen Siwaliks (Pleistozän) und unsere Ergebnisse können diesen Art nun zum ersten Mal auch aus dem Pliozän der Mittleren bis Oberen Siwaliks des indi-schen Subkontinents belegen. ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ KEYWORDS Dentary fragments Early Pliocene Deer species Lower teeth Artiodactyla Pakistan Cervus cf. rewati (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the Pliocene Dhok Pathan Formation (Middle Siwaliks), Pakistan_______

Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2001

Class A macrophage scavenger receptors (MSRs) have a remarkably broadligand specificity and are w... more Class A macrophage scavenger receptors (MSRs) have a remarkably broadligand specificity and are well‐known for their roles in atherogenesisand host defense. Recently, we demonstrated that these receptors also recognize and mediate adhesion to denatured forms of type I collagen.In this study, the involvement of the collagenous domain of MSRs in binding to denatured type I collagen was investigated. Transient expression of full‐length, native type II MSR in COS‐1 cells conferred adhesion to denatured type I collagens, whereas expression of a truncated receptor lacking the distal portion of the collagenous domain did not. Further, a synthetic peptide derived from the collagenous domain was effective in abrogating Mφ adhesion to denatured forms of type I collagen. We also addressed collagen‐type specificity by examining MSR affinity for type III and type IV collagens. As with typeI collagen, Mφs adhered only to denatured forms of type III collagen.Moreover, the adhesion was mediated by MSRs. In contrast, adhesion to denatured type IV collagen was not shown to be MSR‐dependent, but adhesion to the native form was. MSR‐mediated adhesion to types III andIV collagens was also shown to be dependent on the collagenous domain.Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the collagenous domain is involved in MSR‐mediated adhesion to denatured forms of types I andIII collagens and native, but not denatured, type IV collagen

Abstract : Immunotoxic effects of WR 99,210, WR 122,455, and WR-228,258 were tested in the animal... more Abstract : Immunotoxic effects of WR 99,210, WR 122,455, and WR-228,258 were tested in the animal model for the screening. WR 99,210 caused a significant enhancement in the phagocytic function (alpha value), and severe depression in the antibody PFC response when given before antigen, and reduction in the liver and spleen sizes. WR 122,455 and WR 228,258 had similar effects, although with somewhat less severity. Thus, the reduction in the PFC responses and reduction in splenic and hepatic sizes was less pronounced. WR 122,455 was relatively more effective in stimulating the phagocytic function whereas WR 228,258 caused no significant alteration in the phagocytic function. None of the agents seemed to alter significantly the delayed hypersensitivity reaction. In addition, T and B lymphocyte contents in the peripheral blood of human volunteers treated with WR 171,669 (single dose of 750 to 2000 mg) were enumerated. These studies evaluated 24 individuals before and 2 days after the treatment: half of these volunteers received various doses of the drug and the other half received a placebo. No significant differences were noticed in the proportions of T and B cells in the peripheral blood of these volunteers when placebo and drug-treated groups on Day 0 and Day 2 (pre- and post-treatment) samples were compared.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 2011

The double and triple Langmuir probe diagnostic systems with their necessary driving circuits are... more The double and triple Langmuir probe diagnostic systems with their necessary driving circuits are developed successfully for the characterization of laboratory built low pressure inductively coupled nitrogen plasma, generated by 13.56 MHz radio frequency (RF) power supply along with an automatic impedance matching network. Using the DC properties of these two probes, the discharge plasma parameters like ion saturation current (I io), electron temperature (kT e) and electron number density (n e) are measured at the input RF power ranging from 250 to 400 W and filling gas pressures ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 mbar. An increasing trend is observed in kT e and n e with the increase of input RF power at a fixed filling gas pressure of 0.3 mbar, while a decreasing trend is observed in kT e and n e with the increase of filling gas pressure at a fixed input RF power of 250 W.