Abraham Johnson | Gujarat Forensic Sciences university (original) (raw)

Papers by Abraham Johnson

Forensic Science International: Reports, 2020

Reconstruction of fragmented material remains has been given a considerable attention in the fiel... more Reconstruction of fragmented material remains has been given a considerable attention in the fields of archaeology, forensic anthropology, and palaeoanthropology. Fragmented osseous remains are often found in cases of mass disasters, burning incidents, crash incidents, as well as bodily mutilation through criminal and suicidal activities. In cases where the remains are burnt or fragile, the handling of the remains becomes difficult and improper handling may lead to further destruction of the evidence. In such cases, digital restoration of the remains by means of threedimensional technology can be done as it is a non-invasive in nature and minimizes physical handling. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that virtual methods facilitate preservation, storage, and conservation of skeletal remains. For this current preliminary study, fragile fragmentary osseous remains were obtained and then digitally reconstructed. The data was acquired using hand-held 3D laser scanners and digitally reconstructed using software. The reconstructed specimen was then printed and could be used for further analysis due to the fragile nature of the original specimen.

Forensic Science International: Synergy, 2020

The preservation and reconstruction of anthropological and archaeological remains has been given ... more The preservation and reconstruction of anthropological and archaeological remains has been given considerable attention in recent years, particularly within the fields of forensic science and palaeoanthropology. However, few studies have tapped the potential of using 3D technology to reconstruct, remodel and recontour remains and artefacts for the purpose of human identification. The aim of this study was to use 3D technology for the reconstruction and remodelling of fragmented and missing elements of skeletal remains. This project presents the application of three dimensional (3D) modalities to two different simulated forensic case scenarios where an attempt was made to remodel the missing element of the human cranium and reconstruction of fragmented replicated human mandible was performed. The accuracy of the reconstructed model was affirmed based on the anatomical features and digital analysis and methods for use in forensic practice are recommended.

Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 2019

Imaging innovations assume a necessary part irrespective of the considerable evolution in the dis... more Imaging innovations assume a necessary part irrespective of the considerable evolution in the discipline of forensic anthropology. Thus, enables the anthropologist to record the site and anthropological remains in outstanding point of interest. With advancement in innovations, virtual human studies are increasing pervasively replacing conventional radiographs that have been utilized to archive specimens. The forensic anthropologists have incorporated computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) surface scans as advanced imaging methods for their case analyses and research to obtain process and dissect 3D information. Among these methods, three dimensional scanners have picked up a conspicuous place for an assortment of reasons that make them valuable to anthropologists. These propelled imaging innovations give a way to report anthropological specimens, their injury patterns, and thus provides a platform to create virtual models for record purpose. Imaging specialists have also tried creating techniques for evaluating and utilizing various parameters from the virtual models like surface mapping and advanced methods of geomorphometric analysis. It stretches out our capacity to evaluate phenotypic variety, its non-damaging nature adds to specimen preservation, and it can turn into a basic piece of virtual human studies, along these lines accomplishing more than simply "beginning to expose what's 3D scanning is all about. The present paper provides an insight on the new scanning technology and discusses the possible future application of these techniques in forensic analysis.

Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 2019

Introduction: Teeth are invaluable in both the living and the deceased for forensic identificatio... more Introduction: Teeth are invaluable in both the living and the deceased for forensic identification and profiling purposes. The occlusal surface patterns in the molars of an individual depend on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The individualistic nature of the groove pattern can be used to determine the identity of an individual by the process of comparative identification. Aim and Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the uniqueness of the groove pattern among individuals by the means of digital analysis. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 80 dental casts where the occlusal groove patterns of 1 st and 2 nd molars from each cast were traced digitally using image analysis software GIMP (v 2.10.6). The traced patterns were then examined to determine their uniqueness. Results: The most common groove patterns for the maxillary 1 st and 2 nd molars were found to resemble "Branched H" and "H", respectively. "Y" pattern was observed to be the most common in mandibular 1 st molar, whereas mandibular 2 nd molar most commonly exhibited "+" pattern. No two groove patterns were similar in the analysis. Conclusion: Digital method of analysis is preferable over conventional manual methods as it is noninvasive and precise. The individualistic nature of occlusal groove patterns may play an important role in comparative forensic identification.

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2020

Introduction: Nasal morphology is an important factor in forensic investigations and facial recon... more Introduction: Nasal morphology is an important factor in forensic investigations and facial reconstructive procedures. Found to be strongly related to ethnicity and environmental factors, and known to be sexually dimorphic, the study of nasal parameters is useful in forensic facial reconstruction. The aim of the study is to evaluate the nasal morphological characteristics of the Gujarati population as an indicator for personal identification and to assess the prevalent nasal morphology of the study population determined. Material and Methods: The study involved randomly selected 180 healthy subjects (90 males and 90 females) between three age groups. Nasal width and nasal height were measured using a digital vernier caliper, and nasal index was calculated along with other parameters. The data were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean nasal width for male and female was 38.23 mm and 34.94 mm while the mean nasal height was 47.59 mm and 44.35 mm, respectively. The mean nasal index for male subjects (81.08) was also higher than for female subjects (77.30). The morphological classification showed the mesorrhine nose type as the most prevalent among both the males (58.88%) and females (66.66%). Discussion and Conclusion: The population under the study exhibits mesorrhine type of the nose and shows sexual dimorphism in the values of nasal measurements. Thus, the current study is valuable not only in forensic facial reconstruction but also as an added method for determining the gender and ethnicity of an unidentified individual.

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine, 2020

Dental anatomy and histology is one of the fundamental subjects and a key to comprehend the act o... more Dental anatomy and histology is one of the fundamental subjects and a key to comprehend the act of dentistry. Dental features such as tooth morphology and variations in shape and size play a vital role in the area of forensic odontology. Forensic odontology is a challenging field that involves the application of such knowledge of dental sciences in the identification of deceased individuals. The aim and objective was to assess and evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding dental anatomy and histology in forensic investigation among dental practitioners. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 217 dental practitioners from Maharashtra who in their day-today life may experience instances of forensic interest. The information was collected through telephonic interview by means of a pretested, close-ended questionnaire. In our study, the general awareness about forensic odontology was found to be more among MDS dental practitioners than BDS dental practitioners. Overall, there is a lack of adequate legal knowledge and forensic practices among the dentists of Mumbai and Nagpur. However, the practitioners did have a positive attitude toward the field and were keen to learn more about it. The study is the first of its kind to be conducted in Maharashtra state of India regarding dental anatomy and histology with respect to forensic odontology. The dental practitioners were also aware about the dental anatomy and dental histology with respect to forensic investigation.

European Endodontic Journal, 2020

The study aimed to highlight the relationship between forensic science and endodontics by illustr... more The study aimed to highlight the relationship between forensic science and endodontics by illustrating CBCT records can be used as legal evidence for forensic analysis and evaluate the effect of elevated temperature on the endodontically treated teeth. Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 extracted permanent mandibular premolars, which were divided into two groups based on predetermined incineration temperature: Group I-400°C & Group II-800°C subjected for 15 minutes holding time in a digital burnout furnace. The root canal treatment was performed for both the groups and a Pre-incineration CBCT scan was taken for both the groups as an ante-mortem data. Following heating analysis, root canal treated teeth were examined using a stereomicroscope at 20x resolution to evaluate the morphological changes. The post-incineration CBCT scan was taken as the post-mortem record for each group. Both ante-mortem records and post-mortem records were compared for the forensic analysis. Results: The endodontically treated teeth display a series of macroscopic and stereo-microscopic changes for each temperature scale. The CBCT records identify the thermal stress-induced 3D alterations in the gutta-percha filled teeth. Conclusion: Knowledge of changes in human dentition and traces of the endodontically treated teeth can help forensic experts for the identification of the fire victims.

Bulletin of the International Association for Paleodontology, 2020

* Bulletin of the International Association for Paleodontology is a journal powered by enthusiasm... more * Bulletin of the International Association for Paleodontology is a journal powered by enthusiasm of individuals. We do not charge readers, we do not charge authors for publications, and there are no fees of any kind. We support the idea of free science for everyone. Support the journal by submitting your papers. Authors are responsible for language correctness and content.

Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 2021

Three-dimensional(3D) scanning and printing technologies has proved to be a boon and revolutioniz... more Three-dimensional(3D) scanning and printing technologies has proved to be a boon and revolutionized Indian society in recent years. 3D printing is slowly gaining popularity in the fields of forensics due to its capability to provide information in all three axis (x, y and z) when compared to 2D photographs.The technology is actively being used in the fields of forensic medicine, anthropology, ballistics and odontology.3D printing allows better visualisation, interpretation, preservation and analysis of the evidence. The present article highlights the applications of 3D printing and presents current needs to develop and incorporate 3D printing technology in Indian forensics.

Search Results Web results National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 2020

Background: Stepping into the twenty-first century, the computer technology has become an integra... more Background: Stepping into the twenty-first century, the computer technology has become an integral part of the clinical practice of dentistry. Dental practitioners should have thorough knowledge of dental records as it has a legal and forensic implication with respect to identification of missing and deceased individuals, settlement of insurance claims, etc. Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of accurate dental records and the need of digitization among the dentists. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 242 dentists from West Bengal with relevant questions focusing on awareness of dental record maintenance, its importance and its need for digitization. The data were summarized and were subjected for descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Only 65.7% of dentists maintained dental records regularly in their clinical practice. 37.2% were aware about the time-period for maintaining dental record and 64.9 % were aware that they have a professional and a legal obligation to maintain clinically relevant, accurate dental records of patients. Lastly, 82.6% preferred in digitizing & archiving dental records. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a need of proper awareness of dental records & its maintenance among fellow dentists. Also, it demonstrates the trend towards increased adoption of digital platforms for dental record management. [Kundu A Natl J Integr Res Med, 2020; 11(2):64-69]

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology , 2020

Background: Teeth are generally considered as the most durable structures that resist physical, c... more Background: Teeth are generally considered as the most durable structures that resist physical, chemical and biological insults than skeletal tissue. Human identification through dental remains is of prime importance when the remains are found in chemical accidents such as acid attacks or uneventful accident in chemical industries, where soft tissues cannot provide reliable information. Proper examination and analysis of dental remains can provide vital information in forensic context.

Forensic Sciences Research, 2020

Forensic odontology majorly focuses on the identification of victims through the analyses of oral... more Forensic odontology majorly focuses on the identification of victims through the analyses of oral and para–oral structures. Exposure to high temperatures and trauma can occur in mass disasters and may lead to the fracturing and fragmentation of teeth. These fragments may become very fragile and easily damaged while handling. Conventional methodologies such as the use of transparent nail polish, hair spray, cyanoacrylate or adhesives have been used to stabilize the fragmented pieces. This study introduces a new and innovative digital technique that utilizes three-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS) and rapid prototyping techniques to reconstruct fractured portions of the teeth. The results of qualitative congruency analysis suggest that over all variance of morphological error (0.0526 ± 0.05) mm. These results imply that the reconstructed 3D model can be used for various morphometric analyses.

Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology , 2019

In mass disasters, accidents and crime investigations, where human remains are decomposed, charre... more In mass disasters, accidents and crime investigations, where
human remains are decomposed, charred or skeletonized, teeth may dislodge due to post-mortem loss or due to mishandling of evidence during the manipulation of skeletal and dental remains. Thus, the identification process is hampered due to the loss of dental evidence. In these situations, forensic tooth reconstruction may aid in the identification process. Forensic tooth reconstruction (FTR) refers to the process that aims to reconstruct the morphology of the missing tooth from the skeletal remains from the intra-alveolar morphology of the dental socket. The study is an innovative attempt to develop a digital approach to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) printed tooth models through recording intra-alveolar morphology of empty dental sockets which simulate the teeth which are missing post-mortem. An experimental study was conducted on the human mandible, where using volumetric scanning, 3D scanning and printing techniques the tooth was reconstructed from the intra-alveolar morphology of the socket. Through
metric analysis and qualitative congruency testing it was established that there was minimal discrepancy between natural tooth and 3D printed tooth. It was determined that teeth missing post-mortem do not necessarily invalidate the identification process. Digital FTR gives accurate results with minimum error.

Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 2018

Journal of Forensic Science & Criminal Investigation, 2018

Forensic odontology is a branch of dentistry that mainly deals with the identification based on i... more Forensic odontology is a branch of dentistry that mainly deals with the identification based on individual’s oral structures. The tongue is a unique structure that presents both geometric shape as well as physiological texture information that may be potentially useful in identity verification. The present research was taken over the people to study and analyse the morphological shape and texture of the tongue and demonstrate their importance as an aid in human identification. For the study, clinical examination, photographs and impressions were taken of the tongue. The undertaken study showed a qualitative result among different sex and age groups. It can be opined that the human tongue promises to deliver a level of uniqueness in shape, texture and is suitable for the use in identity recognition.

Journal of Forensic Science & Criminal Investigation, 2018

According to the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 a “Senior citiz... more According to the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 a “Senior citizen” is any citizen of India who has attained 60 years and above whether living in India or not. Like everyone, even the elders have the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well–being of themselves, including food, clothing, housing and medical care, etc. But unfortunately elderly abuses are increasing as traditional joint family system are now transforming into small family system, with declining moral values and fast paced modern lifestyle. Elder abuse is any form of wrongful treatment by a person in a position of trust that leads in harm or loss to an older person.A dentist is in an ideal position to recognize such suspected abuses, as they perform a thorough examination of the head and neck region and generally see their patients twice a year. Some of the findings seen in cases of elder abuse/neglect consist of physical trauma, poor hygiene, untreated or neglected medical conditions apart from dehydration, malnutrition etc. The dentist uses his or her clinical knowledge and experience to distinguish abuse from normal fragility of the tissues. This article gives a brief idea about the role of a forensic odontologist in cases of elder abuse and their rights. The forensic odontologist is regularly consulted when either law enforcement or health care personnel recognize that there is dental evidence connected to an incident.

National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 2016

Oral mucosa is subjected constantly to external and internal stimuli that can give rise to reacti... more Oral mucosa is subjected constantly to external and internal stimuli that can give rise to reactive lesions. These lesions are non-neoplastic in nature. They manifest a spectrum of diseases that range from developmental, inflammatory, and reactive to neoplastic changes. Reactive lesions are typically gives response to chronic inflammation caused by various forms of low grade chronic irritations to the oral mucosa such as dental plaque and calculus, sharp edges of grossly carious teeth, faulty dental restorations, chronic biting habits, ill-fitting dental/oral appliances and food impactions. These lesions have a very similar appearance to benign neoplastic proliferations. This similarity is troublesome in differential diagnosis among them. Different types of localized reactive lesions of oral cavity are focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH), pyogenic granuloma (PG), irritational fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), fibro-epithelial hyperplasia/polyp, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, and inflammatory gingival hyperplasia.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2018

Bitemark analysis of humans and domestic animals is by far the most demanding and complicated par... more Bitemark analysis of humans and domestic animals is by far the most demanding and complicated part of forensic dentistry. This study compared and analyzed the bite mark impression patterns of 34 domestic animals and 16 humans. Bitemark comparison included comparing the bitemark of the suspected biter's distinctive dental features to determine whether a link exists between the two sets of evidence. Oval or elliptical arch shape of humans, circular to oval shape of dog, circular arch shape of cat was noted. The incisor morphology for humans was rectangular shape, oval to rectangular for dogs, circular for cats was observed. The inter canine distance of humans measured on dental cast ranged from 22-40 mm with a standard deviation of 5.0 and mean of 33.2, 32-50 mm with a standard deviation of 4.11 and mean of 38.44 for dogs, 11.80 to 18.24 mm with a standard deviation of 2.44 and mean of 16.14 for cats. Intercanine distance, arch shape are few, simple reliable parameter to differentiate between bite marks that are produced by humans and domestic animals. The outcome of the study serves and helps the forensic fraternity of different expertise such as forensic odontologist, forensic pathologists, veterinarians, biologists, crime investigators, and others.

Forensic Science International: Reports, 2020

Reconstruction of fragmented material remains has been given a considerable attention in the fiel... more Reconstruction of fragmented material remains has been given a considerable attention in the fields of archaeology, forensic anthropology, and palaeoanthropology. Fragmented osseous remains are often found in cases of mass disasters, burning incidents, crash incidents, as well as bodily mutilation through criminal and suicidal activities. In cases where the remains are burnt or fragile, the handling of the remains becomes difficult and improper handling may lead to further destruction of the evidence. In such cases, digital restoration of the remains by means of threedimensional technology can be done as it is a non-invasive in nature and minimizes physical handling. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that virtual methods facilitate preservation, storage, and conservation of skeletal remains. For this current preliminary study, fragile fragmentary osseous remains were obtained and then digitally reconstructed. The data was acquired using hand-held 3D laser scanners and digitally reconstructed using software. The reconstructed specimen was then printed and could be used for further analysis due to the fragile nature of the original specimen.

Forensic Science International: Synergy, 2020

The preservation and reconstruction of anthropological and archaeological remains has been given ... more The preservation and reconstruction of anthropological and archaeological remains has been given considerable attention in recent years, particularly within the fields of forensic science and palaeoanthropology. However, few studies have tapped the potential of using 3D technology to reconstruct, remodel and recontour remains and artefacts for the purpose of human identification. The aim of this study was to use 3D technology for the reconstruction and remodelling of fragmented and missing elements of skeletal remains. This project presents the application of three dimensional (3D) modalities to two different simulated forensic case scenarios where an attempt was made to remodel the missing element of the human cranium and reconstruction of fragmented replicated human mandible was performed. The accuracy of the reconstructed model was affirmed based on the anatomical features and digital analysis and methods for use in forensic practice are recommended.

Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 2019

Imaging innovations assume a necessary part irrespective of the considerable evolution in the dis... more Imaging innovations assume a necessary part irrespective of the considerable evolution in the discipline of forensic anthropology. Thus, enables the anthropologist to record the site and anthropological remains in outstanding point of interest. With advancement in innovations, virtual human studies are increasing pervasively replacing conventional radiographs that have been utilized to archive specimens. The forensic anthropologists have incorporated computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) surface scans as advanced imaging methods for their case analyses and research to obtain process and dissect 3D information. Among these methods, three dimensional scanners have picked up a conspicuous place for an assortment of reasons that make them valuable to anthropologists. These propelled imaging innovations give a way to report anthropological specimens, their injury patterns, and thus provides a platform to create virtual models for record purpose. Imaging specialists have also tried creating techniques for evaluating and utilizing various parameters from the virtual models like surface mapping and advanced methods of geomorphometric analysis. It stretches out our capacity to evaluate phenotypic variety, its non-damaging nature adds to specimen preservation, and it can turn into a basic piece of virtual human studies, along these lines accomplishing more than simply "beginning to expose what's 3D scanning is all about. The present paper provides an insight on the new scanning technology and discusses the possible future application of these techniques in forensic analysis.

Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 2019

Introduction: Teeth are invaluable in both the living and the deceased for forensic identificatio... more Introduction: Teeth are invaluable in both the living and the deceased for forensic identification and profiling purposes. The occlusal surface patterns in the molars of an individual depend on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The individualistic nature of the groove pattern can be used to determine the identity of an individual by the process of comparative identification. Aim and Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the uniqueness of the groove pattern among individuals by the means of digital analysis. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 80 dental casts where the occlusal groove patterns of 1 st and 2 nd molars from each cast were traced digitally using image analysis software GIMP (v 2.10.6). The traced patterns were then examined to determine their uniqueness. Results: The most common groove patterns for the maxillary 1 st and 2 nd molars were found to resemble "Branched H" and "H", respectively. "Y" pattern was observed to be the most common in mandibular 1 st molar, whereas mandibular 2 nd molar most commonly exhibited "+" pattern. No two groove patterns were similar in the analysis. Conclusion: Digital method of analysis is preferable over conventional manual methods as it is noninvasive and precise. The individualistic nature of occlusal groove patterns may play an important role in comparative forensic identification.

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2020

Introduction: Nasal morphology is an important factor in forensic investigations and facial recon... more Introduction: Nasal morphology is an important factor in forensic investigations and facial reconstructive procedures. Found to be strongly related to ethnicity and environmental factors, and known to be sexually dimorphic, the study of nasal parameters is useful in forensic facial reconstruction. The aim of the study is to evaluate the nasal morphological characteristics of the Gujarati population as an indicator for personal identification and to assess the prevalent nasal morphology of the study population determined. Material and Methods: The study involved randomly selected 180 healthy subjects (90 males and 90 females) between three age groups. Nasal width and nasal height were measured using a digital vernier caliper, and nasal index was calculated along with other parameters. The data were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean nasal width for male and female was 38.23 mm and 34.94 mm while the mean nasal height was 47.59 mm and 44.35 mm, respectively. The mean nasal index for male subjects (81.08) was also higher than for female subjects (77.30). The morphological classification showed the mesorrhine nose type as the most prevalent among both the males (58.88%) and females (66.66%). Discussion and Conclusion: The population under the study exhibits mesorrhine type of the nose and shows sexual dimorphism in the values of nasal measurements. Thus, the current study is valuable not only in forensic facial reconstruction but also as an added method for determining the gender and ethnicity of an unidentified individual.

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine, 2020

Dental anatomy and histology is one of the fundamental subjects and a key to comprehend the act o... more Dental anatomy and histology is one of the fundamental subjects and a key to comprehend the act of dentistry. Dental features such as tooth morphology and variations in shape and size play a vital role in the area of forensic odontology. Forensic odontology is a challenging field that involves the application of such knowledge of dental sciences in the identification of deceased individuals. The aim and objective was to assess and evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding dental anatomy and histology in forensic investigation among dental practitioners. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 217 dental practitioners from Maharashtra who in their day-today life may experience instances of forensic interest. The information was collected through telephonic interview by means of a pretested, close-ended questionnaire. In our study, the general awareness about forensic odontology was found to be more among MDS dental practitioners than BDS dental practitioners. Overall, there is a lack of adequate legal knowledge and forensic practices among the dentists of Mumbai and Nagpur. However, the practitioners did have a positive attitude toward the field and were keen to learn more about it. The study is the first of its kind to be conducted in Maharashtra state of India regarding dental anatomy and histology with respect to forensic odontology. The dental practitioners were also aware about the dental anatomy and dental histology with respect to forensic investigation.

European Endodontic Journal, 2020

The study aimed to highlight the relationship between forensic science and endodontics by illustr... more The study aimed to highlight the relationship between forensic science and endodontics by illustrating CBCT records can be used as legal evidence for forensic analysis and evaluate the effect of elevated temperature on the endodontically treated teeth. Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 extracted permanent mandibular premolars, which were divided into two groups based on predetermined incineration temperature: Group I-400°C & Group II-800°C subjected for 15 minutes holding time in a digital burnout furnace. The root canal treatment was performed for both the groups and a Pre-incineration CBCT scan was taken for both the groups as an ante-mortem data. Following heating analysis, root canal treated teeth were examined using a stereomicroscope at 20x resolution to evaluate the morphological changes. The post-incineration CBCT scan was taken as the post-mortem record for each group. Both ante-mortem records and post-mortem records were compared for the forensic analysis. Results: The endodontically treated teeth display a series of macroscopic and stereo-microscopic changes for each temperature scale. The CBCT records identify the thermal stress-induced 3D alterations in the gutta-percha filled teeth. Conclusion: Knowledge of changes in human dentition and traces of the endodontically treated teeth can help forensic experts for the identification of the fire victims.

Bulletin of the International Association for Paleodontology, 2020

* Bulletin of the International Association for Paleodontology is a journal powered by enthusiasm... more * Bulletin of the International Association for Paleodontology is a journal powered by enthusiasm of individuals. We do not charge readers, we do not charge authors for publications, and there are no fees of any kind. We support the idea of free science for everyone. Support the journal by submitting your papers. Authors are responsible for language correctness and content.

Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 2021

Three-dimensional(3D) scanning and printing technologies has proved to be a boon and revolutioniz... more Three-dimensional(3D) scanning and printing technologies has proved to be a boon and revolutionized Indian society in recent years. 3D printing is slowly gaining popularity in the fields of forensics due to its capability to provide information in all three axis (x, y and z) when compared to 2D photographs.The technology is actively being used in the fields of forensic medicine, anthropology, ballistics and odontology.3D printing allows better visualisation, interpretation, preservation and analysis of the evidence. The present article highlights the applications of 3D printing and presents current needs to develop and incorporate 3D printing technology in Indian forensics.

Search Results Web results National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 2020

Background: Stepping into the twenty-first century, the computer technology has become an integra... more Background: Stepping into the twenty-first century, the computer technology has become an integral part of the clinical practice of dentistry. Dental practitioners should have thorough knowledge of dental records as it has a legal and forensic implication with respect to identification of missing and deceased individuals, settlement of insurance claims, etc. Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of accurate dental records and the need of digitization among the dentists. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 242 dentists from West Bengal with relevant questions focusing on awareness of dental record maintenance, its importance and its need for digitization. The data were summarized and were subjected for descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Only 65.7% of dentists maintained dental records regularly in their clinical practice. 37.2% were aware about the time-period for maintaining dental record and 64.9 % were aware that they have a professional and a legal obligation to maintain clinically relevant, accurate dental records of patients. Lastly, 82.6% preferred in digitizing & archiving dental records. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a need of proper awareness of dental records & its maintenance among fellow dentists. Also, it demonstrates the trend towards increased adoption of digital platforms for dental record management. [Kundu A Natl J Integr Res Med, 2020; 11(2):64-69]

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology , 2020

Background: Teeth are generally considered as the most durable structures that resist physical, c... more Background: Teeth are generally considered as the most durable structures that resist physical, chemical and biological insults than skeletal tissue. Human identification through dental remains is of prime importance when the remains are found in chemical accidents such as acid attacks or uneventful accident in chemical industries, where soft tissues cannot provide reliable information. Proper examination and analysis of dental remains can provide vital information in forensic context.

Forensic Sciences Research, 2020

Forensic odontology majorly focuses on the identification of victims through the analyses of oral... more Forensic odontology majorly focuses on the identification of victims through the analyses of oral and para–oral structures. Exposure to high temperatures and trauma can occur in mass disasters and may lead to the fracturing and fragmentation of teeth. These fragments may become very fragile and easily damaged while handling. Conventional methodologies such as the use of transparent nail polish, hair spray, cyanoacrylate or adhesives have been used to stabilize the fragmented pieces. This study introduces a new and innovative digital technique that utilizes three-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS) and rapid prototyping techniques to reconstruct fractured portions of the teeth. The results of qualitative congruency analysis suggest that over all variance of morphological error (0.0526 ± 0.05) mm. These results imply that the reconstructed 3D model can be used for various morphometric analyses.

Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology , 2019

In mass disasters, accidents and crime investigations, where human remains are decomposed, charre... more In mass disasters, accidents and crime investigations, where
human remains are decomposed, charred or skeletonized, teeth may dislodge due to post-mortem loss or due to mishandling of evidence during the manipulation of skeletal and dental remains. Thus, the identification process is hampered due to the loss of dental evidence. In these situations, forensic tooth reconstruction may aid in the identification process. Forensic tooth reconstruction (FTR) refers to the process that aims to reconstruct the morphology of the missing tooth from the skeletal remains from the intra-alveolar morphology of the dental socket. The study is an innovative attempt to develop a digital approach to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) printed tooth models through recording intra-alveolar morphology of empty dental sockets which simulate the teeth which are missing post-mortem. An experimental study was conducted on the human mandible, where using volumetric scanning, 3D scanning and printing techniques the tooth was reconstructed from the intra-alveolar morphology of the socket. Through
metric analysis and qualitative congruency testing it was established that there was minimal discrepancy between natural tooth and 3D printed tooth. It was determined that teeth missing post-mortem do not necessarily invalidate the identification process. Digital FTR gives accurate results with minimum error.

Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 2018

Journal of Forensic Science & Criminal Investigation, 2018

Forensic odontology is a branch of dentistry that mainly deals with the identification based on i... more Forensic odontology is a branch of dentistry that mainly deals with the identification based on individual’s oral structures. The tongue is a unique structure that presents both geometric shape as well as physiological texture information that may be potentially useful in identity verification. The present research was taken over the people to study and analyse the morphological shape and texture of the tongue and demonstrate their importance as an aid in human identification. For the study, clinical examination, photographs and impressions were taken of the tongue. The undertaken study showed a qualitative result among different sex and age groups. It can be opined that the human tongue promises to deliver a level of uniqueness in shape, texture and is suitable for the use in identity recognition.

Journal of Forensic Science & Criminal Investigation, 2018

According to the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 a “Senior citiz... more According to the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 a “Senior citizen” is any citizen of India who has attained 60 years and above whether living in India or not. Like everyone, even the elders have the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well–being of themselves, including food, clothing, housing and medical care, etc. But unfortunately elderly abuses are increasing as traditional joint family system are now transforming into small family system, with declining moral values and fast paced modern lifestyle. Elder abuse is any form of wrongful treatment by a person in a position of trust that leads in harm or loss to an older person.A dentist is in an ideal position to recognize such suspected abuses, as they perform a thorough examination of the head and neck region and generally see their patients twice a year. Some of the findings seen in cases of elder abuse/neglect consist of physical trauma, poor hygiene, untreated or neglected medical conditions apart from dehydration, malnutrition etc. The dentist uses his or her clinical knowledge and experience to distinguish abuse from normal fragility of the tissues. This article gives a brief idea about the role of a forensic odontologist in cases of elder abuse and their rights. The forensic odontologist is regularly consulted when either law enforcement or health care personnel recognize that there is dental evidence connected to an incident.

National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 2016

Oral mucosa is subjected constantly to external and internal stimuli that can give rise to reacti... more Oral mucosa is subjected constantly to external and internal stimuli that can give rise to reactive lesions. These lesions are non-neoplastic in nature. They manifest a spectrum of diseases that range from developmental, inflammatory, and reactive to neoplastic changes. Reactive lesions are typically gives response to chronic inflammation caused by various forms of low grade chronic irritations to the oral mucosa such as dental plaque and calculus, sharp edges of grossly carious teeth, faulty dental restorations, chronic biting habits, ill-fitting dental/oral appliances and food impactions. These lesions have a very similar appearance to benign neoplastic proliferations. This similarity is troublesome in differential diagnosis among them. Different types of localized reactive lesions of oral cavity are focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH), pyogenic granuloma (PG), irritational fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), fibro-epithelial hyperplasia/polyp, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, and inflammatory gingival hyperplasia.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2018

Bitemark analysis of humans and domestic animals is by far the most demanding and complicated par... more Bitemark analysis of humans and domestic animals is by far the most demanding and complicated part of forensic dentistry. This study compared and analyzed the bite mark impression patterns of 34 domestic animals and 16 humans. Bitemark comparison included comparing the bitemark of the suspected biter's distinctive dental features to determine whether a link exists between the two sets of evidence. Oval or elliptical arch shape of humans, circular to oval shape of dog, circular arch shape of cat was noted. The incisor morphology for humans was rectangular shape, oval to rectangular for dogs, circular for cats was observed. The inter canine distance of humans measured on dental cast ranged from 22-40 mm with a standard deviation of 5.0 and mean of 33.2, 32-50 mm with a standard deviation of 4.11 and mean of 38.44 for dogs, 11.80 to 18.24 mm with a standard deviation of 2.44 and mean of 16.14 for cats. Intercanine distance, arch shape are few, simple reliable parameter to differentiate between bite marks that are produced by humans and domestic animals. The outcome of the study serves and helps the forensic fraternity of different expertise such as forensic odontologist, forensic pathologists, veterinarians, biologists, crime investigators, and others.