CallbackB.java Example of using Callbacks for nested calls showing the incidental complexity that results and how eventually the asynchronous paths need to be synchronized together. (original) (raw)
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
public class CallbackB {
/**
* Demonstration of nested callbacks which then need to composes their responses together.
*
* Various different approaches for composition can be done but eventually they end up relying upon
* synchronization techniques such as the CountDownLatch used here or converge on callback design
* changes similar to Rx.
*/
public static void run() throws Exception {
final ExecutorService executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(4, 4, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
/* the following are used to synchronize and compose the asynchronous callbacks */
final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(3);
final AtomicReference<String> f3Value = new AtomicReference<String>();
final AtomicReference<Integer> f4Value = new AtomicReference<Integer>();
final AtomicReference<Integer> f5Value = new AtomicReference<Integer>();
try {
// get f3 with dependent result from f1
executor.execute(new CallToRemoteServiceA(new Callback<String>() {
@Override
public void call(String f1) {
executor.execute(new CallToRemoteServiceC(new Callback<String>() {
@Override
public void call(String f3) {
// we have f1 and f3 now need to compose with others
System.out.println("intermediate callback: " + f3 + " => " + ("f4 * f5"));
// set to thread-safe variable accessible by external scope
f3Value.set(f3);
latch.countDown();
}
}, f1));
}
}));
// get f4/f5 after dependency f2 completes
executor.execute(new CallToRemoteServiceB(new Callback<Integer>() {
@Override
public void call(Integer f2) {
executor.execute(new CallToRemoteServiceD(new Callback<Integer>() {
@Override
public void call(Integer f4) {
// we have f2 and f4 now need to compose with others
System.out.println("intermediate callback: f3" + " => " + (f4 + " * f5"));
// set to thread-safe variable accessible by external scope
f4Value.set(f4);
latch.countDown();
}
}, f2));
executor.execute(new CallToRemoteServiceE(new Callback<Integer>() {
@Override
public void call(Integer f5) {
// we have f2 and f5 now need to compose with others
System.out.println("intermediate callback: f3" + " => " + ("f4 * " + f5));
// set to thread-safe variable accessible by external scope
f5Value.set(f5);
latch.countDown();
}
}, f2));
}
}));
/* we must wait for all callbacks to complete */
latch.await();
System.out.println(f3Value.get() + " => " + (f4Value.get() * f5Value.get()));
} finally {
executor.shutdownNow();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
run();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static final class CallToRemoteServiceA implements Runnable {
private final Callback<String> callback;
private CallToRemoteServiceA(Callback<String> callback) {
this.callback = callback;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// simulate fetching data from remote service
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
callback.call("responseA");
}
}
private static final class CallToRemoteServiceB implements Runnable {
private final Callback<Integer> callback;
private CallToRemoteServiceB(Callback<Integer> callback) {
this.callback = callback;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// simulate fetching data from remote service
try {
Thread.sleep(40);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
callback.call(100);
}
}
private static final class CallToRemoteServiceC implements Runnable {
private final Callback<String> callback;
private final String dependencyFromA;
private CallToRemoteServiceC(Callback<String> callback, String dependencyFromA) {
this.callback = callback;
this.dependencyFromA = dependencyFromA;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// simulate fetching data from remote service
try {
Thread.sleep(60);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
callback.call("responseB_" + dependencyFromA);
}
}
private static final class CallToRemoteServiceD implements Runnable {
private final Callback<Integer> callback;
private final Integer dependencyFromB;
private CallToRemoteServiceD(Callback<Integer> callback, Integer dependencyFromB) {
this.callback = callback;
this.dependencyFromB = dependencyFromB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// simulate fetching data from remote service
try {
Thread.sleep(140);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
callback.call(40 + dependencyFromB);
}
}
private static final class CallToRemoteServiceE implements Runnable {
private final Callback<Integer> callback;
private final Integer dependencyFromB;
private CallToRemoteServiceE(Callback<Integer> callback, Integer dependencyFromB) {
this.callback = callback;
this.dependencyFromB = dependencyFromB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// simulate fetching data from remote service
try {
Thread.sleep(55);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
callback.call(5000 + dependencyFromB);
}
}
private static interface Callback<T> {
public void call(T value);
}
}