GitHub - kapilduraphe/mcp-watch: A comprehensive security scanner for Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers that detects vulnerabilities and security issues in your MCP server implementations. (original) (raw)
MCP Watch ๐
A comprehensive security scanner for Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers that detects vulnerabilities and security issues in your MCP implementations.
Features
- ๐ Credential Detection - Finds hardcoded API keys, tokens, and insecure credential storage
- ๐งช Tool Poisoning - Detects hidden malicious instructions in tool descriptions
- ๐ฏ Parameter Injection - Identifies magic parameters that extract sensitive AI context
- ๐ Prompt Injection - Scans for prompt manipulation and injection attacks
- ๐ Tool Mutation - Detects dynamic tool changes and rug-pull risks
- ๐ฌ Conversation Exfiltration - Finds triggers that steal conversation history
- ๐จ ANSI Injection - Detects steganographic attacks using escape sequences
- ๐ Protocol Violations - Identifies MCP protocol security violations
- ๐ก๏ธ Input Validation - Finds command injection, SSRF, and path traversal issues
- ๐ญ Server Spoofing - Detects servers impersonating popular services
- ๐ Toxic Flows - Identifies dangerous data flow patterns
- ๐ Permission Issues - Finds excessive permissions and access control problems
Installation
Global Installation
Local Installation
From Source
git clone https://github.com/yourusername/mcp-watch.git cd mcp-watch npm install npm run build
Usage
Command Line
Scan a GitHub repository
mcp-watch scan https://github.com/user/mcp-server
Scan with JSON output
mcp-watch scan https://github.com/user/mcp-server --format json
Filter by severity
mcp-watch scan https://github.com/user/mcp-server --severity high
Filter by category
mcp-watch scan https://github.com/user/mcp-server --category credential-leak
Note: If you don't want to download npm then just substitute mcp-watch
with node dist/main.js
.
Example: node dist/main.js scan https://github.com/user/repo
Options
--format <type>
- Output format:console
(default) orjson
--severity <level>
- Minimum severity:low
,medium
,high
,critical
--category <cat>
- Filter by vulnerability category
Categories
credential-leak
- Hardcoded credentials and insecure storagetool-poisoning
- Malicious tool descriptionsdata-exfiltration
- Data theft and parameter injectionprompt-injection
- Prompt manipulation attackstool-mutation
- Dynamic tool changessteganographic-attack
- Hidden content in escape sequencesprotocol-violation
- MCP protocol security issuesinput-validation
- Command injection, SSRF, path traversalserver-spoofing
- Server impersonationtoxic-flow
- Dangerous data flowsaccess-control
- Permission and access issues
Example Output
๐ Scanning repository: https://github.com/user/mcp-server
๐ Based on vulnerablemcp.info, HiddenLayer, Invariant Labs, and Trail of Bits research
๐ Scanning for credential vulnerabilities...
๐งช Scanning for tool poisoning vulnerabilities...
๐ฏ Scanning for parameter injection vulnerabilities...
๐ Scanning for prompt injection vulnerabilities...
๐ MCP SECURITY SCAN RESULTS
===============================
๐ Summary by Severity:
๐จ CRITICAL: 2
โ ๏ธ HIGH: 1
โก MEDIUM: 3
๐ Detailed Results:
--------------------
1. ๐จ Hardcoded credentials detected
๐ ID: HARDCODED_CREDENTIALS
๐ฏ Severity: CRITICAL
๐ Category: credential-leak
๐ Location: src/config.ts:15
๐ Evidence: const apiKey = "sk-***REDACTED***"
Development
Project Structure
mcp-watch/
โโโ main.ts # CLI entry point
โโโ types/
โ โโโ Vulnerability.ts # Type definitions
โโโ scanner/
โ โโโ MCPScanner.ts # Main scanner orchestrator
โ โโโ BaseScanner.ts # Base scanner utilities
โ โโโ scanners/ # Individual vulnerability scanners
โ โโโ CredentialScanner.ts
โ โโโ ParameterInjectionScanner.ts
โ โโโ ...
โโโ utils/
โโโ reportFormatter.ts # Report formatting
Development Scripts
Build the project
npm run build
Run in development mode
npm run dev scan https://github.com/user/repo
Quick scan during development
npm run scan https://github.com/user/repo
Clean build artifacts
npm run clean
Adding New Scanners
- Create a new scanner in
scanner/scanners/
- Extend
AbstractScanner
- Implement the
scan()
method - Add to
MCPScanner.ts
Example:
import { AbstractScanner } from "../BaseScanner"; import { Vulnerability } from "../../types/Vulnerability";
export class MyScanner extends AbstractScanner { async scan(projectPath: string): Promise<Vulnerability[]> { console.log("๐ Scanning for my vulnerability type...");
const vulnerabilities: Vulnerability[] = [];
// Your scanning logic here
return vulnerabilities;
} }
Security Research
This tool is based on security research from leading organizations in AI and cybersecurity, identifying novel attack vectors specific to MCP environments including:
- Parameter injection attacks that extract sensitive AI context
- Tool poisoning with hidden malicious instructions
- Conversation exfiltration using trigger phrases
- Steganographic attacks via ANSI escape sequences
- Toxic agent flows across repository boundaries
Research Sources
- VulnerableMCP Database (vulnerablemcp.info)
- Comprehensive database of MCP vulnerabilities
- Real-world attack patterns and examples
- Regular updates on new attack vectors
- HiddenLayer Research (Exploiting MCP Tool Parameters)
- Parameter injection attacks that extract sensitive data
- Tool call history and conversation exfiltration
- System prompt extraction vulnerabilities
- Chain of thought manipulation
- Model name disclosure risks
- Invariant Labs Research (GitHub MCP Vulnerability)
- Tool poisoning detection
- Toxic agent flows
- Cross-repository security issues
- Rug-pull updates in tool functionality
- Server spoofing prevention
- Trail of Bits Research (MCP Security Research)
- Conversation exfiltration methods
- ANSI injection attacks
- Protocol-level vulnerabilities
- Insecure credential storage patterns
- Cross-server shadowing attacks
- PromptHub Analysis (5 MCP Security Vulnerabilities)
- Command injection patterns (43% of public MCP servers affected)
- SSRF vulnerability statistics (30% allow arbitrary URL fetching)
- Path traversal attack vectors (22% leak files outside intended directories)
- Retrieval-Agent Deception (RADE) attacks
- Tool poisoning prevention strategies
Exit Codes
0
- No critical or high severity vulnerabilities found1
- Critical or high severity vulnerabilities detected1
- Scan error occurred
Contributing
- Fork the repository
- Create a feature branch
- Run type checking with
npm run type-check
- Test your changes manually
- Submit a pull request
License
MIT License - see LICENSE file for details.
Support
- Create an issue for bug reports or feature requests
- Check existing issues before creating new ones
- Include scan output and repository details when reporting issues
โ ๏ธ Security Notice: This tool identifies potential security issues but should not be the only security measure. Always perform manual security reviews and follow security best practices.