cpython@144493d (original) (raw)

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` installation and a user-installed copy of the same version.

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`` (Changed by Ronald Oussoren; :issue:4865.)

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.. versionchanged:: 2.7.13

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As of 2.7.13, this change was removed.

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 ``/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages``, the site-packages directory

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used by the Apple-supplied system Python 2.7 is no longer appended to

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 ``sys.path`` for user-installed Pythons such as from the python.org

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installers. As of macOS 10.12, Apple changed how the system

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site-packages directory is configured, which could cause installation

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of pip components, like setuptools, to fail. Packages installed for

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the system Python will no longer be shared with user-installed

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Pythons. (:issue:28440)

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`Port-Specific Changes: FreeBSD

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`-----------------------------------

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``` @@ -2558,6 +2570,21 @@ exemption allowing new -3 warnings to be added in any Python 2.7


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`maintenance release.

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Two new environment variables for debug mode

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--------------------------------------------

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In debug mode, the ``[xxx refs]`` statistic is not written by default, the

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:envvar:PYTHONSHOWREFCOUNT environment variable now must also be set.

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(Contributed by Victor Stinner; :issue:31733.)

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When Python is compiled with ``COUNT_ALLOC`` defined, allocation counts are no

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longer dumped by default anymore: the :envvar:PYTHONSHOWALLOCCOUNT environment

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variable must now also be set. Moreover, allocation counts are now dumped into

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stderr, rather than stdout. (Contributed by Victor Stinner; :issue:31692.)

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.. versionadded:: 2.7.15

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`PEP 434: IDLE Enhancement Exception for All Branches

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`----------------------------------------------------

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`@@ -2602,10 +2629,162 @@ with the first of those changes appearing in the Python 2.7.7 release.

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`` certificate store, the :class:~ssl.SSLContext class, and other

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`` features. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor and David Reid; :issue:21308.)

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Refer to the "Version added: 2.7.9" notes in the module documentation for

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specific details.

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``` * :func:os.urandom was changed to cache a file descriptor to /dev/urandom


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```  instead of reopening ``/dev/urandom`` on every call. (Contributed by Alex

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`` Gaynor; :issue:21305.)

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:data:hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed and

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:data:hashlib.algorithms_available were backported from Python 3 to make

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it easier for Python 2 applications to select the strongest available hash

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algorithm. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor in :issue:21307)

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PEP 477: Backport ensurepip (PEP 453) to Python 2.7

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:pep:477 approves the inclusion of the :pep:453 ensurepip module and the

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improved documentation that was enabled by it in the Python 2.7 maintenance

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releases, appearing first in the Python 2.7.9 release.

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Bootstrapping pip By Default

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The new :mod:`ensurepip` module (defined in :pep:`453`) provides a standard

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cross-platform mechanism to bootstrap the pip installer into Python

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installations. The version of ``pip`` included with Python 2.7.9 is ``pip``

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1.5.6, and future 2.7.x maintenance releases will update the bundled version to

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the latest version of ``pip`` that is available at the time of creating the

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release candidate.

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By default, the commands ``pip``, ``pipX`` and ``pipX.Y`` will be installed on

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all platforms (where X.Y stands for the version of the Python installation),

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along with the ``pip`` Python package and its dependencies.

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For CPython :ref:`source builds on POSIX systems <building-python-on-unix>`,

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the ``make install`` and ``make altinstall`` commands do not bootstrap ``pip``

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by default. This behaviour can be controlled through configure options, and

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overridden through Makefile options.

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On Windows and Mac OS X, the CPython installers now default to installing

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``pip`` along with CPython itself (users may opt out of installing it

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during the installation process). Window users will need to opt in to the

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automatic ``PATH`` modifications to have ``pip`` available from the command

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line by default, otherwise it can still be accessed through the Python

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launcher for Windows as ``py -m pip``.

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As `discussed in the PEP`__, platform packagers may choose not to install

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these commands by default, as long as, when invoked, they provide clear and

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simple directions on how to install them on that platform (usually using

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the system package manager).

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__ https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0477/#disabling-ensurepip-by-downstream-distributors

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Documentation Changes

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As part of this change, the :ref:installing-index and

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:ref:distributing-index sections of the documentation have been

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completely redesigned as short getting started and FAQ documents. Most

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packaging documentation has now been moved out to the Python Packaging

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Authority maintained `Python Packaging User Guide

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http://packaging.python.org`__ and the documentation of the individual

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projects.

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However, as this migration is currently still incomplete, the legacy

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versions of those guides remaining available as :ref:install-index

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and :ref:distutils-index.

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.. seealso::

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:pep:453 -- Explicit bootstrapping of pip in Python installations

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PEP written by Donald Stufft and Nick Coghlan, implemented by

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Donald Stufft, Nick Coghlan, Martin von Löwis and Ned Deily.

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PEP 476: Enabling certificate verification by default for stdlib http clients

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:pep:476 updated :mod:httplib and modules which use it, such as

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:mod:urllib2 and :mod:xmlrpclib, to now verify that the server

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presents a certificate which is signed by a Certificate Authority in the

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platform trust store and whose hostname matches the hostname being requested

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by default, significantly improving security for many applications. This

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change was made in the Python 2.7.9 release.

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For applications which require the old previous behavior, they can pass an

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alternate context::

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import urllib2

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import ssl

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This disables all verification

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context = ssl._create_unverified_context()

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This allows using a specific certificate for the host, which doesn't need

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to be in the trust store

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context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile="/path/to/file.crt")

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urllib2.urlopen("https://invalid-cert", context=context)

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PEP 493: HTTPS verification migration tools for Python 2.7

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:pep:493 provides additional migration tools to support a more incremental

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infrastructure upgrade process for environments containing applications and

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services relying on the historically permissive processing of server

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certificates when establishing client HTTPS connections. These additions were

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made in the Python 2.7.12 release.

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These tools are intended for use in cases where affected applications and

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services can't be modified to explicitly pass a more permissive SSL context

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when establishing the connection.

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For applications and services which can't be modified at all, the new

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``PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY`` environment variable may be set to ``0`` to revert an

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entire Python process back to the default permissive behaviour of Python 2.7.8

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and earlier.

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For cases where the connection establishment code can't be modified, but the

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overall application can be, the new :func:ssl._https_verify_certificates

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function can be used to adjust the default behaviour at runtime.

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New ``make regen-all`` build target

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To simplify cross-compilation, and to ensure that CPython can reliably be

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compiled without requiring an existing version of Python to already be

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available, the autotools-based build system no longer attempts to implicitly

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recompile generated files based on file modification times.

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Instead, a new ``make regen-all`` command has been added to force regeneration

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of these files when desired (e.g. after an initial version of Python has

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already been built based on the pregenerated versions).

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More selective regeneration targets are also defined - see

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:source:Makefile.pre.in for details.

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(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:23404.)

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.. versionadded:: 2.7.14

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Removal of ``make touch`` build target

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The ``make touch`` build target previously used to request implicit regeneration

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of generated files by updating their modification times has been removed.

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It has been replaced by the new ``make regen-all`` target.

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(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:23404.)

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.. versionchanged:: 2.7.14

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`.. ======================================================================

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