Timothy Duguid | University of Glasgow (original) (raw)

Monographs by Timothy Duguid

Articles by Timothy Duguid

Music and Religious Education in Early Modern Europe, 2023

Yale Journal of Music and Theology, 2021

Non-literate societies are often dependent on music for transmitting news and ideas because of mu... more Non-literate societies are often dependent on music for transmitting news and ideas because of music’s ability to enhance memory. Sixteenth-century reformers were aware of this, but they had to compete with secular and Roman Catholic music that often contradicted Reformed doctrine. Highly influenced by the Strasbourg-based Martin Bucer and the writings of Saint Augustine, John Calvin insisted that Biblical Psalms, set in vernacular poetry, were most appropriate for both corporate worship and private devotion. The result was a series of metrical psalters that were intended to be performable by everyone. Some editions had explicitly liturgical designs, but most were intended for secular use as substitutes to secular ballads. The melodies that appeared in these psalters were usually simple and employed ranges that rarely exceeded an octave. It has generally been assumed that these narrow ranges would have allowed men, women, and children to sing the psalms together comfortably, singing in octaves with one another. However, a closer look reveals that the ranges of many metrical psalm tunes may have been difficult to sing. The following study explores the psalters produced by three centres of early modern Calvinist psalmody: Geneva, England, and Scotland. It argues that singers likely selected pitch ranges that were most comfortable rather than strictly adhering to those printed in metrical psalters. Despite this flexible performance practice, printers and editors faithfully reproduced the tunes in their original ranges. This sheds light on the shadowy origins of metrical psalm tunes, some of which were known before they became metrical psalms.

Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2019

This paper describes the work to date on Music Scholarship Online (MuSO), an online research envi... more This paper describes the work to date on Music Scholarship Online (MuSO), an online research environment for digitized and born-digital music resources that inscribes itself within the federated model of the Advanced Research Consortium (ARC). With the project now in its third year, MuSO has reached an inflection point where it has developed a music-centered RDF schema and demonstrated the potential for federated searching across ARC nodes by crosswalking eighteenth-century music content from Europeana into ARC. The case study presented here outlines the dissemination role that MuSO proposes to play within the music research community, the history of MuSO in relation to ARC, the Europeana test case, and future steps for the continued development of MuSO. By facilitating the discovery of digital music content, and providing a virtual environment for music researchers, MuSO will promote data reuse, strengthen community standards in music representation, and create possibilities for cross-disciplinary exchange. We propose that by leveraging the connections between digital music resources and digital humanities research technologies, MuSO will facilitate new research that expands the musicological discipline.

Despite recent interest in the relationship between technology and music research, literary schol... more Despite recent interest in the relationship between technology and music research, literary scholars have led the way in the larger, related field of digital humanities. Music scholars have been aware of the transition in literary circles from written and printed media to digital media, but only now are these researchers beginning to consider the issues that digital humanists have long been debating. In particular, music scholars and performers have virtually ignored the issue of peer review for digital resources. This lacuna represents the most significant barrier for the creation and implementation of digital technologies in music research and editing. Without a mechanism by which individuals may receive credit for the hard work that goes into digital resources, most will direct their energies towards gaining peer review via traditional printed publications. This article argues for the creation of a mechanism for peer reviewing digital projects in music, noting the benefits of such a system for performers and researchers of early music.

Reformation and Renaissance Review

This article sheds new light on events connected with the English-speaking exile church at Frankf... more This article sheds new light on events connected with the English-speaking exile church at Frankfurt from 1554 to 1555 and which have attracted the attention of historians for generations. Some of the notable Reformation personalities became involved in its controversies. In recent times, thirty-five new letters and documents relating to these ‘Troubles’ at Frankfurt were discovered at the Denbighshire Records Office (Wales); they are transcriptions of part of a larger collection of papers traceable to Christopher Goodman, a member of the Frankfurt church. These documents provide further insight into the debate that consumed the mostly English refugees located in cities throughout Continental Europe for nearly two years. This study incorporates these new documents into a revised narrative of the Frankfurt English-speaking exile church that challenges long-held assumptions about the Troubles and opens new avenues for further investigation.

Oxford Bibliographies Online

White Papers by Timothy Duguid

“MuSO: Aggregation and Peer Review in Music” was a project that laid the foundation for a virtual... more “MuSO: Aggregation and Peer Review in Music” was a project that laid the foundation for a virtual research environment (VRE) dedicated to music. It explored ways in which such an environment could draw from and contribute to existing VREs in the fields of history and literature. The MuSO (Music Scholarship Online) project considered the descriptive metadata needed for digital projects in music to become interoperable with these existing resources and proposed a peer reviewing mechanism that would provide quality control for the projects that would be aggregated by the MuSO VRE.

Digital Projects by Timothy Duguid

This Level I project will fund a two-day workshop at Texas A&M University for 15 software enginee... more This Level I project will fund a two-day workshop at Texas A&M University for 15 software engineers, music librarians, music encoding specialists, and music scholars from the United States, Canada and abroad that will lay the foundation to launch MuSO (Music Scholarship Online). Using the period-specific virtual research environments, or research nodes, of the Advanced Research Consortium (ARC) as templates, this workshop will establish methods for aggregating and evaluating digital projects in the fields of music analysis, culture, history and literature. The workshop will address the metadata needs for media such as musical scores and audio recordings, and it will establish a standard and process for peer reviewing the projects that contribute to and participate in MuSO. The funded workshop will therefore produce a list of changes to the ARC metadata guidelines as well as a method for evaluating digital projects in music.

An estimated 460 metrical psalters were printed in England and Scotland from 1560 to 1640. This d... more An estimated 460 metrical psalters were printed in England and Scotland from 1560 to 1640. This database lists the musical contents of each of these Sternhold and Hopkins metrical psalters.

Grants and Prizes by Timothy Duguid

2013 award recipient for the article, "The 'Troubles' at Frankfurt: A new chronology". One of tw... more 2013 award recipient for the article, "The 'Troubles' at Frankfurt: A new chronology". One of two annual prizes awarded in by Reformation and Renaissance Review for the highest quality scholarship in a published article

2012 award for excellence in music scholarship

2012 award for digital research in early modern British liturgical music.

Webinars by Timothy Duguid

Part 1 of a 2-part series from 2012. Did the Reformers Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin really hat... more Part 1 of a 2-part series from 2012. Did the Reformers Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin really hate music? In the first of a two-part series on the Reformation's influence on Protestant music, we will discuss the many approaches to music that surfaced in sixteenth-century Continental Europe. To provide some context, we will begin by considering liturgical music before the Reformation, correcting some commonly held misperceptions of sixteenth century Roman Catholic music. Then we will evaluate the responses by Reformers Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, and John Calvin.

Part 2 of a 2-part series from 2012. Civil wars, assassination plots, and political scandals abou... more Part 2 of a 2-part series from 2012. Civil wars, assassination plots, and political scandals abounded in Britain as England and Scotland reacted to the Reformation. In the midst of this uncertainty, British Reformed music became one of the strongest unifying forces within and between England and Scotland. For the first time, the people sang their religious music together, regardless of age, gender, education, occupation, or social standing. In particular, two musical collections provided Christians in both countries with the music that they would sing at work, school, church, and home. Join us for the second part of our series on the Reformation's influence on Protestant music as we discuss the development of these two significant British musical volumes.

Thesis Chapters by Timothy Duguid

"""The Book of Psalms has occupied a privileged place in Christianity from its earliest years, bu... more """The Book of Psalms has occupied a privileged place in Christianity from its earliest years, but it was not until the sixteenth century that metrical versifications of the Psalms became popular. Because of the notable influence of Martin Luther and John Calvin, the musical phenomenon of metrical psalm singing spread throughout Protestant circles on the European mainland and in Britain. These versifications knew no boundaries among Protestants: reformers and parishioners, kings and laypeople, men and women, young and old memorised and sang the metrical psalms. In England and Scotland, the versifications written by Thomas Sternhold and John Hopkins became the most popular, as editions of these texts were printed in England from 1549 to 1828. The present study considers these metrical versifications and their melodies as they were printed and performed in England and Scotland from their inception until the final Scottish edition appeared in 1640.

In particular, this study asserts that the years from 1560 to 1640 saw the development and reinforcement of two distinct ecclesiastical psalm cultures, one in England and the other in Scotland. Though based on a common foundation in the Sternhold and Hopkins texts, English and Scottish metrical psalmody preserved their distinct natures. However, both traditions also influenced their counterparts. The present study considers these cross‐influences and their effect on the tensions between conformity with foreign influences and fidelity to established practice in both countries. This study finally seeks to fill two significant gaps in current scholarship. It first compares the developments in English and Scottish metrical psalmody in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Secondly, it considers the relationships between psalm tunes and their texts, with a closer musical analysis of the tunes than has previously been attempted."""

Music and Religious Education in Early Modern Europe, 2023

Yale Journal of Music and Theology, 2021

Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2019

Reformation and Renaissance Review

Oxford Bibliographies Online

2012 award for excellence in music scholarship

2012 award for digital research in early modern British liturgical music.

This paper describes the work to date on Music Scholarship Online (MuSO), an online research envi... more This paper describes the work to date on Music Scholarship Online (MuSO), an online research environment for digitized and born digital music resources that inscribes itself within the federated model of the Advanced Research Consortium (ARC). With the project now in its third year, MuSO has reached an inflection point where it has developed a musiccentered RDF schema and demonstrated the potential for federated searching across ARC nodes by crosswalking eighteenth-century music content from Europeana into ARC. The case study presented here outlines the dissemination role that MuSO proposes to play within the music research community, the history of MuSO in relation to ARC, the Europeana test case, and future steps for the continued development of MuSO. By facilitating the discovery of digital music content, and providing a virtual environment for music researchers, MuSO will promote data reuse, strengthen community standards in music representation, and create possibilities for cro...

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

Reformation and Renaissance Review, 2012

ABSTRACT

Aggregation and Peer Review in Music" was a project that laid the foundation for a virtual resear... more Aggregation and Peer Review in Music" was a project that laid the foundation for a virtual research environment (VRE) dedicated to music. It explored ways in which such an environment could draw from and contribute to existing VREs in the fields of history and literature. The MuSO (Music Scholarship Online) project considered the descriptive metadata needed for digital projects in music to become interoperable with these existing resources and proposed a peer reviewing mechanism that would provide quality control for the projects that would be aggregated by the MuSO VRE.

Digital methods have begun to make their way into the research practices of music scholars, and m... more Digital methods have begun to make their way into the research practices of music scholars, and most this insurgence can be attributed to the rise of the discipline of music technology. Though music encoding is becoming increasingly prevalent among the research and teaching methodologies of music scholars, evidence gathered from course descriptions and presentations at national meetings of music scholars would indicate that encoding continues to lag other music-based technologies. Drawing from the advancement of music technology and the experiences of digital humanities teaching and scholarship, this paper presents a path for the music encoding community to promote greater integration of encoding and digital methods more broadly into the pedagogical practices of music historians and music theorists.

Music scholars have unprecedented access to an ever-growing digital corpus of music-related conte... more Music scholars have unprecedented access to an ever-growing digital corpus of music-related content, as libraries and institutions continue to digitize their holdings at an extraordinary pace. Yet, access to and discovery of these resources is problematic for music scholars. In 2016, the Music Scholarship Online (MuSO) project was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, Office of Digital Humanities to begin forming a community of music scholars to address these issues. This short paper will present the results of the planning meeting and further work done to address the social and technical issues impeding the interoperability, discovery, and access of born-digital music scholarship.

Despite its age, sites such as Yahoo, Google, and Bing continue to use lists of links to display ... more Despite its age, sites such as Yahoo, Google, and Bing continue to use lists of links to display their search results. Doubtless these companies have conducted usability studies that show the utility of paginated lists, as they have focused their attention on optimizing their search algorithms to ensure that the most relevant search results appear at the top or within the first couple of pages of search results. After all, few people will view more than 3-5 pages of Google search returns, let alone the millions of other results from any particular enquiry. This has given rise to Search Engine Optimization companies who work to ensure that their clients are listed at the top of those search results. Therefore, the most well-funded – not necessarily the most relevant – sites appear at the top of many internet searches. Paginated lists are even less helpful in conducting original research or for dealing with questions that may have multiple answers. For original research, it is often ...

The Journal of Ecclesiastical History

upon for years, which is that it was Germany’s history and structure under the Holy Roman Empire,... more upon for years, which is that it was Germany’s history and structure under the Holy Roman Empire, its ‘culture of biconfessionalism’, that prevented the realisation of a unified, Protestant, modern state in Germany and thus contributed to the outbreak of the world wars. It is a little hard to understand why Brady’s contribution was not included in part I with the other essays about the nineteenth century, but perhaps it serves well as a coda. Similarly, the decision of the editors to go in reverse chronological order – starting with the nineteenth-century erasures of plurality and ending with the earlier, sixteenth-century beginnings of confessional history – is puzzling. The volume might have been more effective in chronological order and with more meta-analysis in the introduction or conclusion explaining why it was the eighteenth century that saw the most acceptance of religious plurality in Germany. Nevertheless, this is a thought-provoking volume that serves as an important reminder to all historians of just how flawed the historical record can be and how historical scholarship is almost always affected by the culture and politics of the time in which it is created.

The Journal of Ecclesiastical History

Scottish Journal of Theology

The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 2016

I call on the Lord Jesus Christ 8.8.8.8. Of mercy yit he passis all LM We suld into remembrance 8... more I call on the Lord Jesus Christ 8.8.8.8. Of mercy yit he passis all LM We suld into remembrance 8.6.8.? Hay let vs sing LM In burgh and land 8.8.8.8. We suld beleue in God abufe CM The grace of God appeiris now LM Of thingis twa I pray the Lord LM Lord Father, God, that gaif me lyfe LM Blis, blissit God, thir giftis gude DLM Blissing goir, wisdome, and hartly thankfulnes 11.