Prabhakar Telagarapu | GMRIT - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Prabhakar Telagarapu

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, Jun 1, 2015

Distinguishing between malignant and benign tumours is difficult and time-consuming task for radi... more Distinguishing between malignant and benign tumours is difficult and time-consuming task for radiologists. This leads to a high rate of unnecessary biopsies that can be avoided. So, we are proposing a method to effectively differentiate benign and malignant tumours with optimal feature set. Statistical texture features are extracted from tumour region by recent shearlet transform and then to reduce the dimensionality of the feature in order to reduce the computational complexity feature selection methods are applied. Feature selection methods are such as Principal component analysis (PCA), Genetic algorithm and ReliefF based feature selection methods are applied. Using the new reduced feature set abnormalities are classified using KNN and SVM classifier. By comparing the Performance of the feature selection methods ReliefFbased feature selection with SVM classification method gives with the Accuracy of 78.33%, Sensitivity is 84.16% and 80.16% as specificity.

Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 2020

The involvement of genetic engineering techniques in the development of novel biomaterials has a ... more The involvement of genetic engineering techniques in the development of novel biomaterials has a huge impact on a vast range of applications. The capability of new genetically engineered material has achieved various innovative scopes in the biomedical industry. Such materials are usually designed via chemical and physical methods of genetic engineering. According to the genetic basis of sequence, molecular weight, folded structure, and stereochemistry, protein polymers thus suggest a generous view for the architecture of protein-based genetically engineered biomaterials. The scopes of developing genetically engineered biomaterials are leading to improve biological features of materials which can enhance the applicability and properties of materials. In the last five years, Genetic engineering research is becoming closer to the mass consumer. Leading global geneticists predict that in the coming years, a boom will occur in the genetic engineering market, comparable to the massive spread of personal computers in the 1980s. Thus genetically modified biomaterials with upgraded biological properties, expanding towards mass-scale industrial production, and the considerable consumption in regular universal activities. The techniques used to develop new materials and to modify the properties of existing materials, are subjected to different industries and fields of scientific researches. CRISPR is an authoritative research tool that facilitates scientists to deal with the expression of a gene. It has shown tremendous potential in genome research due to its ability to delete unwanted traits, and possibly even replace them with desirable traits. It is agile, worthwhile, and more authentic than any preceding gene-editing techniques. Genetically engineered biomaterials have been an enormous field of research over the last fifteen years and CRISPR has already initiated performing a significant aspect in boosting biomaterial research.

Soft Computing, 2022

The non-stationary ECG signals are used as a key tools in screening coronary diseases. ECG record... more The non-stationary ECG signals are used as a key tools in screening coronary diseases. ECG recording is collected from millions of cardiac cells' and depolarization and re-polarization conducted in a synchronized manner as: The P-wave occurs first, followed by the QRScomplex and the T-wave, which will repeat in each beat. The signal is altered in a cardiac beat period for different heart conditions. This change can be observed in order to diagnose the patient's heart status. There are life-threatening (critical) and non-life-threatening (noncritical) arrhythmia (abnormal Heart). Critical arrhythmia gives little time for surgery, whereas non-critical needs additional life-saving care. Simple naked eye diagnosis can mislead the detection. At that point, Computer Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) is therefore required. In this paper Dual Tree Wavelet Transform (DTWT) used as a feature extraction technique along with Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to detect abnormal Heart. The findings of this research and associated studies are without any cumbersome artificial environments. The CAD method proposed has high generalizability; it can help doctors efficiently identify diseases and decrease misdiagnosis.

The number of Breast cancer has been increasing over the past three decades. Early detection of b... more The number of Breast cancer has been increasing over the past three decades. Early detection of breast cancer is crucial for an effective treatment. Mammography is used for early detection and screening. Especially for young women, mammography procedures may not be very comfortable. Moreover, it involves ionizing radiation. Ultrasound is broadly popular medical imaging modality because of its non-invasive, real time, convenient and low cost nature. However, the excellence of ultrasound image is corrupted by a speckle noise. The presence of speckle noise severely degrades the signal-to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast resolution of the image. Therefore speckle noise need to be reduced before extracting the features. In this research focus on developing an algorithm to reduce the speckle noise, feature extraction and classification methods for benign and malignant tumors showed that SVM-Polynomial classification produces a high classification rate (77%) for Grey level Co-occurrence matr...

2018 International CET Conference on Control, Communication, and Computing (IC4), 2018

(AD) Alzheimer's disease is widely recognized as a disorder of the mental processes initiated... more (AD) Alzheimer's disease is widely recognized as a disorder of the mental processes initiated by brain disease which a□ects more than 35 million individuals around the world. Structural Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging strategies noninvasive tool and it assumes a significant part in analyzing Structural brain changes in subjects with neurodegenerative infections. Magnetic resonance imaging which delineates the pathology of brain structures and enhances the finding of the AD. This paper gives an analysis of Alzheimer Condition in Tl-Weighted MR Images using Texture Features and k-NN Classifier. Texture features are extracted utilizing GLCM to identify the AD and the Normal Control (NC). With a specific end goal to assess the proposed technique, performed assessments on the MRI securing from the OASIS database. The proposed strategy yields a normal testing exactness of 74.73% which demonstrates that the proposed technique can separate AD and NC agreeably.

International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, May 1, 2011

ABSTRACT Adaptive Filtering is a widely researched topic in the present era of communications. Wh... more ABSTRACT Adaptive Filtering is a widely researched topic in the present era of communications. When the received signal is continuously corrupted by noise where both the received signal and noise change continuously, then arises the need for adaptive filtering. The heart of the adaptive filter is the adaptive algorithm. This paper deals with cancellation of noise on speech signals using two algorithms-Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm with implementation in MATLAB. Comparisons of algorithms are based on SNR and tap weights of FIR filter. The algorithms chosen for implementation which provide efficient performances with less computational complexity.

Face recognition using eigen faces is an approach to the detection and identification of human fa... more Face recognition using eigen faces is an approach to the detection and identification of human faces and then recognizes the person by comparing characteristics of the face to those of known individuals is described. This approach treats face recognition as a two-dimensional recognition problem, taking advantage of the fact that faces are normally upright and thus may be described by a small set of 2-D characteristic views. Face images are projected onto a feature space `face space' that best encodes the variation among known face images. The face space is defined by the `eigen faces', which are the eigenvectors of the set of faces. They do not necessarily correspond to isolated features such as eyes, ears, and noses. Eigen faces are obtained from eigenvectors of an image which is a principle component of analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most successful techniques that have been used in image recognition and compression. The main idea of using P...

Coding techniques is used for providing reliable information through the transmission channel to ... more Coding techniques is used for providing reliable information through the transmission channel to the user. In coding techniques the number of symbols in the source encoded message is increased in a controlled manner in order to facilitate two basic objectives at the receiver one is Error detection and other is Error correction. It is used to reduce the level of noise and interferences in electronic medium. The amount of error detection and correction required and its effectiveness depends on the signal to noise ratio (SNR). In digital communication, coding techniques is a broadly used term mostly referring to the forward error correction code. The advantage of forward error correction is that a back-channel is not required, or that retransmission of data can often be avoided, at the cost of higher bandwidth requirements on average. In this paper is useful for performance evaluation of physical layer of WIMAX by using Reed-Solomon coding and convolution coding scheme, cyclic prefix and interleaving for different modulation technique with respect to bit-error rate and SNR ratio.

This paper addresses the problem associated with classification of signatures of four different t... more This paper addresses the problem associated with classification of signatures of four different types of aircraft prototypes. In order to classify the signatures, Nonlinear Alignment method is proposed. This procedure is designed to pair wise generate optimally aligned signatures by back tracking along the optimal alignment path. Classification results on these prototype signatures show that this method is quite robust in classifying the signals with unequal duration, compared to nearest mean classifier. Classification results were observed for different MSSNR for both classification methods. This paper also focused on reconstructing signatures based on the alignment path.

In this paper, we propose an independent efficient compression and encryption techniques for an i... more In this paper, we propose an independent efficient compression and encryption techniques for an image in multimedia applications. In order to reduce the volume of multimedia data over wireless channels, data compression techniques are widely used. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) is one of the major compression Scheme. In this paper , we present Dynamic bit-width adaptation scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) as an efficient compression technique. We select the appropriate operand bit widths that achieve significant reduction of power consumption. It is essential to protect the confidential image data from unauthorized access for multimedia applications. Hence, in this paper, we present a modification to the Advanced Encryption Standard (MAES) to reflect a high level security and better image encryption. The modification is done by adjusting the Shift Row Transformation.

In this paper, we propose an efficient compression/decompression technology and encryption/decryp... more In this paper, we propose an efficient compression/decompression technology and encryption/decryption technology for a multimedia communication system. In order to reduce the volume of multimedia data over wireless channels, data compression techniques are widely used. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) is one of the major compression Scheme. Hence , we present Dynamic bit-width adaptation scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) as an efficient compression technique. We select the appropriate operand bit widths that achieve significant reduction of power consumption. It is essential to protect the confidential image data from unauthorized access for multimedia applications. Hence, in this paper, we present a modification to the Advanced Encryption Standard (MAES) to reflect a high level security and better image encryption. The modification is done by adjusting the Shift Row Transformation.

Digital Audio Watermarking involves the concealment of data within a discrete audio file. Digital... more Digital Audio Watermarking involves the concealment of data within a discrete audio file. Digital watermarking is identified as a partial solution to related problems like illegal reproduction and distribution of digital media. Intellectual property protection is the main driving force behind research in this area. In order to provide authentication the watermark image is scrambled with Arnold transformation and then embedded into the Discrete Cosine Transformed (DCT) original audio signal. The performance of this technique is evaluated in terms of PSNR, MOS Criteria and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PC C).

An Adaptive filter is a filter that self-adjusts its transfer function according to an optimizing... more An Adaptive filter is a filter that self-adjusts its transfer function according to an optimizing algorithm. Because of the complexity of the optimizing algorithms, most adaptive filters are digital filters that perform digital signal processing and adapt their performance based on the input signal. An Adaptive filter is often employed in an environment of unknown Statistics for various purposes such as system identification, inverse modeling for channel equalization, adaptive prediction and interference canceling. Knowing nothing about the environment , the filter is initially set to an arbitrary condition and updated in a step by step manner towards an optimum filter setting. For updating, the least mean-square algorithm is often used for its simplicity and robust performance. However , the L MS algorithm exhibits slow convergence when used with an ill-conditioned input such as speech and requires a high computational cost, especially when the system to identified has a long impulse response. Adaptive Filtering is an important concept in the field of signal processing and has numerous applications in fields such as Multimedia Applications and communications. Examples in speech processing include speech enhancement, echo and interference cancellation and speech coding. Simulations show that the proposed structure converges faster than both an equivalent full band structure at lower computational complexity and recently proposed SAF structures for a colored input.

A vision-based pedestrian and car tracking system which is able to distinguish between car and pe... more A vision-based pedestrian and car tracking system which is able to distinguish between car and pedestrian is possible using Morphological processing and Blob analysis. Videos are sequence of image frames. Here the algorithm is developed to analyse a frame and the same will be applied to all frames in a video. The unwanted objects in video frame can be removed by converting colour frames into a gray scale and by applying thresholding algorithm. Threshold can be set depending on the object to be detected. Gray scale image will be converted to binary during thresholding process. Morphological processing will be applied on binary image to remove small unwanted objects that are presented in a frame. A developed blob analysis technique for extracted binary image facilitates pedestrian and car detection. Processing blob's information of relative size and location leads to distinguishing between pedestrian and car. The threshold, morphological and blobs process is applied to all frames in a video and finally original video with tagged cars will be displayed.

Coding techniques is used for providing reliable information through the transmission channel to ... more Coding techniques is used for providing reliable information through the transmission channel to the user. In coding techniques the number of symbols in the source encoded message is increased in a controlled manner in order to facilitate two basic objectives at the receiver one is Error detection and other is Error correction. It is used to reduce the level of noise and interferences in electronic medium. The amount of error detection and correction required and its effectiveness depends on the signal to noise ratio (SNR). In digital communication, coding techniques is a broadly used term mostly referring to the forward error correction code. The advantage of forward error correction is that a back-channel is not required, or that retransmission of data can often be avoided, at the cost of higher bandwidth requirements on average. In this paper is useful for performance evaluation of physical layer of WIMAX by using Reed-Solomon coding and convolution coding scheme, cyclic prefix and interleaving for different modulation technique with respect to bit-error rate and SNR ratio.

In this paper, we propose an efficient compression technique for an image in multimedia applicati... more In this paper, we propose an efficient compression technique for an image in multimedia applications. In order to reduce the volume of multimedia data over wireless channels, data compression techniques are widely used. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) is one of the major compression Scheme. In this paper , we present Dynamic bit-width adaptation scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) as an efficient compression technique. We select the appropriate operand bit widths that achieve significant reduction of power consumption.

The remote sensing community has long been interested in image classification of aerially sensed ... more The remote sensing community has long been interested in image classification of aerially sensed and satellite imageries for land cover maps as land use information is the basis for many environmental and socioeconomic applications. However, classifying remote sensing imageries to obtain land use and land cover information still remains a challenge that depends on many factors such as complexity of landscape, selected remote sensing data, image processing and classification methods, etc. In most cases, land cover maps derived from remote sensing imageries are often judged to be insufficient in quality and thus are not considered reliable for quantitative environmental applications. This has also led to the questioning of the suitability of remotely sensed imageries for thematic mapping. Heavy dependence on spectral characteristics or black and white tone is the one of the main reason for poor reliability of classified map. The use of ancillary data before or during or after classification is one way of improving the classification accuracy and reliability of the resulting maps. In this paper we applied unsupervised, supervised and hybrid classification methods for land use and land cover classification of a remotely sensed image of Massac County, Illinois, and to determine the best suited method for classification for this image.

Glaucoma arises due to the inadequate fluid flow from the drainage canals of the eye, leading to ... more Glaucoma arises due to the inadequate fluid flow from the drainage canals of the eye, leading to the crystallization of the fluid in the cornea and iris regions. Especially in closed angled Glaucoma, fluid pressure in the eye increases because of inadequate fluid flow between the iris and the cornea. One important technique to assess patients at risk of Glaucoma is to analyze ultrasound images of the eye to detect the structural changes. Currently, these images are analyzed manually. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to automatically compute this accretion from the ultrasound images of the eye. Apart from improving the contrast of the low resolution ultrasound image, the algorithm aims to determine the exact location of the apex point of the anterior chamber region for efficient angle calculation. It is highly imperative to detect Glaucoma in its early stages for diagnosis and hence the algorithm also addresses the importance of precise results with effective immunity towards speckle noise. This work shows a technique to improve the efficiency of clinical interpretation of Glaucoma in ultrasound images of the eye.

In digital cameras, Bayer color filter array(CFA) images are captured and demosaicing is carried ... more In digital cameras, Bayer color filter array(CFA) images are captured and demosaicing is carried out before compression. Recently, it was found that compression-first schemes outperform the conventional demosaicing-first schemes in terms of output image quality. An efficient prediction-based lossless compression and super-resolution schemes are proposed in this paper. Compressed image is coded with rice code. The proposed compression and super resolution schemes can achieve a better compression and high image quality than conventional lossless CFA image coding schemes.

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, Jun 1, 2015

Distinguishing between malignant and benign tumours is difficult and time-consuming task for radi... more Distinguishing between malignant and benign tumours is difficult and time-consuming task for radiologists. This leads to a high rate of unnecessary biopsies that can be avoided. So, we are proposing a method to effectively differentiate benign and malignant tumours with optimal feature set. Statistical texture features are extracted from tumour region by recent shearlet transform and then to reduce the dimensionality of the feature in order to reduce the computational complexity feature selection methods are applied. Feature selection methods are such as Principal component analysis (PCA), Genetic algorithm and ReliefF based feature selection methods are applied. Using the new reduced feature set abnormalities are classified using KNN and SVM classifier. By comparing the Performance of the feature selection methods ReliefFbased feature selection with SVM classification method gives with the Accuracy of 78.33%, Sensitivity is 84.16% and 80.16% as specificity.

Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 2020

The involvement of genetic engineering techniques in the development of novel biomaterials has a ... more The involvement of genetic engineering techniques in the development of novel biomaterials has a huge impact on a vast range of applications. The capability of new genetically engineered material has achieved various innovative scopes in the biomedical industry. Such materials are usually designed via chemical and physical methods of genetic engineering. According to the genetic basis of sequence, molecular weight, folded structure, and stereochemistry, protein polymers thus suggest a generous view for the architecture of protein-based genetically engineered biomaterials. The scopes of developing genetically engineered biomaterials are leading to improve biological features of materials which can enhance the applicability and properties of materials. In the last five years, Genetic engineering research is becoming closer to the mass consumer. Leading global geneticists predict that in the coming years, a boom will occur in the genetic engineering market, comparable to the massive spread of personal computers in the 1980s. Thus genetically modified biomaterials with upgraded biological properties, expanding towards mass-scale industrial production, and the considerable consumption in regular universal activities. The techniques used to develop new materials and to modify the properties of existing materials, are subjected to different industries and fields of scientific researches. CRISPR is an authoritative research tool that facilitates scientists to deal with the expression of a gene. It has shown tremendous potential in genome research due to its ability to delete unwanted traits, and possibly even replace them with desirable traits. It is agile, worthwhile, and more authentic than any preceding gene-editing techniques. Genetically engineered biomaterials have been an enormous field of research over the last fifteen years and CRISPR has already initiated performing a significant aspect in boosting biomaterial research.

Soft Computing, 2022

The non-stationary ECG signals are used as a key tools in screening coronary diseases. ECG record... more The non-stationary ECG signals are used as a key tools in screening coronary diseases. ECG recording is collected from millions of cardiac cells' and depolarization and re-polarization conducted in a synchronized manner as: The P-wave occurs first, followed by the QRScomplex and the T-wave, which will repeat in each beat. The signal is altered in a cardiac beat period for different heart conditions. This change can be observed in order to diagnose the patient's heart status. There are life-threatening (critical) and non-life-threatening (noncritical) arrhythmia (abnormal Heart). Critical arrhythmia gives little time for surgery, whereas non-critical needs additional life-saving care. Simple naked eye diagnosis can mislead the detection. At that point, Computer Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) is therefore required. In this paper Dual Tree Wavelet Transform (DTWT) used as a feature extraction technique along with Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to detect abnormal Heart. The findings of this research and associated studies are without any cumbersome artificial environments. The CAD method proposed has high generalizability; it can help doctors efficiently identify diseases and decrease misdiagnosis.

The number of Breast cancer has been increasing over the past three decades. Early detection of b... more The number of Breast cancer has been increasing over the past three decades. Early detection of breast cancer is crucial for an effective treatment. Mammography is used for early detection and screening. Especially for young women, mammography procedures may not be very comfortable. Moreover, it involves ionizing radiation. Ultrasound is broadly popular medical imaging modality because of its non-invasive, real time, convenient and low cost nature. However, the excellence of ultrasound image is corrupted by a speckle noise. The presence of speckle noise severely degrades the signal-to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast resolution of the image. Therefore speckle noise need to be reduced before extracting the features. In this research focus on developing an algorithm to reduce the speckle noise, feature extraction and classification methods for benign and malignant tumors showed that SVM-Polynomial classification produces a high classification rate (77%) for Grey level Co-occurrence matr...

2018 International CET Conference on Control, Communication, and Computing (IC4), 2018

(AD) Alzheimer's disease is widely recognized as a disorder of the mental processes initiated... more (AD) Alzheimer's disease is widely recognized as a disorder of the mental processes initiated by brain disease which a□ects more than 35 million individuals around the world. Structural Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging strategies noninvasive tool and it assumes a significant part in analyzing Structural brain changes in subjects with neurodegenerative infections. Magnetic resonance imaging which delineates the pathology of brain structures and enhances the finding of the AD. This paper gives an analysis of Alzheimer Condition in Tl-Weighted MR Images using Texture Features and k-NN Classifier. Texture features are extracted utilizing GLCM to identify the AD and the Normal Control (NC). With a specific end goal to assess the proposed technique, performed assessments on the MRI securing from the OASIS database. The proposed strategy yields a normal testing exactness of 74.73% which demonstrates that the proposed technique can separate AD and NC agreeably.

International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, May 1, 2011

ABSTRACT Adaptive Filtering is a widely researched topic in the present era of communications. Wh... more ABSTRACT Adaptive Filtering is a widely researched topic in the present era of communications. When the received signal is continuously corrupted by noise where both the received signal and noise change continuously, then arises the need for adaptive filtering. The heart of the adaptive filter is the adaptive algorithm. This paper deals with cancellation of noise on speech signals using two algorithms-Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm with implementation in MATLAB. Comparisons of algorithms are based on SNR and tap weights of FIR filter. The algorithms chosen for implementation which provide efficient performances with less computational complexity.

Face recognition using eigen faces is an approach to the detection and identification of human fa... more Face recognition using eigen faces is an approach to the detection and identification of human faces and then recognizes the person by comparing characteristics of the face to those of known individuals is described. This approach treats face recognition as a two-dimensional recognition problem, taking advantage of the fact that faces are normally upright and thus may be described by a small set of 2-D characteristic views. Face images are projected onto a feature space `face space' that best encodes the variation among known face images. The face space is defined by the `eigen faces', which are the eigenvectors of the set of faces. They do not necessarily correspond to isolated features such as eyes, ears, and noses. Eigen faces are obtained from eigenvectors of an image which is a principle component of analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most successful techniques that have been used in image recognition and compression. The main idea of using P...

Coding techniques is used for providing reliable information through the transmission channel to ... more Coding techniques is used for providing reliable information through the transmission channel to the user. In coding techniques the number of symbols in the source encoded message is increased in a controlled manner in order to facilitate two basic objectives at the receiver one is Error detection and other is Error correction. It is used to reduce the level of noise and interferences in electronic medium. The amount of error detection and correction required and its effectiveness depends on the signal to noise ratio (SNR). In digital communication, coding techniques is a broadly used term mostly referring to the forward error correction code. The advantage of forward error correction is that a back-channel is not required, or that retransmission of data can often be avoided, at the cost of higher bandwidth requirements on average. In this paper is useful for performance evaluation of physical layer of WIMAX by using Reed-Solomon coding and convolution coding scheme, cyclic prefix and interleaving for different modulation technique with respect to bit-error rate and SNR ratio.

This paper addresses the problem associated with classification of signatures of four different t... more This paper addresses the problem associated with classification of signatures of four different types of aircraft prototypes. In order to classify the signatures, Nonlinear Alignment method is proposed. This procedure is designed to pair wise generate optimally aligned signatures by back tracking along the optimal alignment path. Classification results on these prototype signatures show that this method is quite robust in classifying the signals with unequal duration, compared to nearest mean classifier. Classification results were observed for different MSSNR for both classification methods. This paper also focused on reconstructing signatures based on the alignment path.

In this paper, we propose an independent efficient compression and encryption techniques for an i... more In this paper, we propose an independent efficient compression and encryption techniques for an image in multimedia applications. In order to reduce the volume of multimedia data over wireless channels, data compression techniques are widely used. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) is one of the major compression Scheme. In this paper , we present Dynamic bit-width adaptation scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) as an efficient compression technique. We select the appropriate operand bit widths that achieve significant reduction of power consumption. It is essential to protect the confidential image data from unauthorized access for multimedia applications. Hence, in this paper, we present a modification to the Advanced Encryption Standard (MAES) to reflect a high level security and better image encryption. The modification is done by adjusting the Shift Row Transformation.

In this paper, we propose an efficient compression/decompression technology and encryption/decryp... more In this paper, we propose an efficient compression/decompression technology and encryption/decryption technology for a multimedia communication system. In order to reduce the volume of multimedia data over wireless channels, data compression techniques are widely used. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) is one of the major compression Scheme. Hence , we present Dynamic bit-width adaptation scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) as an efficient compression technique. We select the appropriate operand bit widths that achieve significant reduction of power consumption. It is essential to protect the confidential image data from unauthorized access for multimedia applications. Hence, in this paper, we present a modification to the Advanced Encryption Standard (MAES) to reflect a high level security and better image encryption. The modification is done by adjusting the Shift Row Transformation.

Digital Audio Watermarking involves the concealment of data within a discrete audio file. Digital... more Digital Audio Watermarking involves the concealment of data within a discrete audio file. Digital watermarking is identified as a partial solution to related problems like illegal reproduction and distribution of digital media. Intellectual property protection is the main driving force behind research in this area. In order to provide authentication the watermark image is scrambled with Arnold transformation and then embedded into the Discrete Cosine Transformed (DCT) original audio signal. The performance of this technique is evaluated in terms of PSNR, MOS Criteria and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PC C).

An Adaptive filter is a filter that self-adjusts its transfer function according to an optimizing... more An Adaptive filter is a filter that self-adjusts its transfer function according to an optimizing algorithm. Because of the complexity of the optimizing algorithms, most adaptive filters are digital filters that perform digital signal processing and adapt their performance based on the input signal. An Adaptive filter is often employed in an environment of unknown Statistics for various purposes such as system identification, inverse modeling for channel equalization, adaptive prediction and interference canceling. Knowing nothing about the environment , the filter is initially set to an arbitrary condition and updated in a step by step manner towards an optimum filter setting. For updating, the least mean-square algorithm is often used for its simplicity and robust performance. However , the L MS algorithm exhibits slow convergence when used with an ill-conditioned input such as speech and requires a high computational cost, especially when the system to identified has a long impulse response. Adaptive Filtering is an important concept in the field of signal processing and has numerous applications in fields such as Multimedia Applications and communications. Examples in speech processing include speech enhancement, echo and interference cancellation and speech coding. Simulations show that the proposed structure converges faster than both an equivalent full band structure at lower computational complexity and recently proposed SAF structures for a colored input.

A vision-based pedestrian and car tracking system which is able to distinguish between car and pe... more A vision-based pedestrian and car tracking system which is able to distinguish between car and pedestrian is possible using Morphological processing and Blob analysis. Videos are sequence of image frames. Here the algorithm is developed to analyse a frame and the same will be applied to all frames in a video. The unwanted objects in video frame can be removed by converting colour frames into a gray scale and by applying thresholding algorithm. Threshold can be set depending on the object to be detected. Gray scale image will be converted to binary during thresholding process. Morphological processing will be applied on binary image to remove small unwanted objects that are presented in a frame. A developed blob analysis technique for extracted binary image facilitates pedestrian and car detection. Processing blob's information of relative size and location leads to distinguishing between pedestrian and car. The threshold, morphological and blobs process is applied to all frames in a video and finally original video with tagged cars will be displayed.

Coding techniques is used for providing reliable information through the transmission channel to ... more Coding techniques is used for providing reliable information through the transmission channel to the user. In coding techniques the number of symbols in the source encoded message is increased in a controlled manner in order to facilitate two basic objectives at the receiver one is Error detection and other is Error correction. It is used to reduce the level of noise and interferences in electronic medium. The amount of error detection and correction required and its effectiveness depends on the signal to noise ratio (SNR). In digital communication, coding techniques is a broadly used term mostly referring to the forward error correction code. The advantage of forward error correction is that a back-channel is not required, or that retransmission of data can often be avoided, at the cost of higher bandwidth requirements on average. In this paper is useful for performance evaluation of physical layer of WIMAX by using Reed-Solomon coding and convolution coding scheme, cyclic prefix and interleaving for different modulation technique with respect to bit-error rate and SNR ratio.

In this paper, we propose an efficient compression technique for an image in multimedia applicati... more In this paper, we propose an efficient compression technique for an image in multimedia applications. In order to reduce the volume of multimedia data over wireless channels, data compression techniques are widely used. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) is one of the major compression Scheme. In this paper , we present Dynamic bit-width adaptation scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) as an efficient compression technique. We select the appropriate operand bit widths that achieve significant reduction of power consumption.

The remote sensing community has long been interested in image classification of aerially sensed ... more The remote sensing community has long been interested in image classification of aerially sensed and satellite imageries for land cover maps as land use information is the basis for many environmental and socioeconomic applications. However, classifying remote sensing imageries to obtain land use and land cover information still remains a challenge that depends on many factors such as complexity of landscape, selected remote sensing data, image processing and classification methods, etc. In most cases, land cover maps derived from remote sensing imageries are often judged to be insufficient in quality and thus are not considered reliable for quantitative environmental applications. This has also led to the questioning of the suitability of remotely sensed imageries for thematic mapping. Heavy dependence on spectral characteristics or black and white tone is the one of the main reason for poor reliability of classified map. The use of ancillary data before or during or after classification is one way of improving the classification accuracy and reliability of the resulting maps. In this paper we applied unsupervised, supervised and hybrid classification methods for land use and land cover classification of a remotely sensed image of Massac County, Illinois, and to determine the best suited method for classification for this image.

Glaucoma arises due to the inadequate fluid flow from the drainage canals of the eye, leading to ... more Glaucoma arises due to the inadequate fluid flow from the drainage canals of the eye, leading to the crystallization of the fluid in the cornea and iris regions. Especially in closed angled Glaucoma, fluid pressure in the eye increases because of inadequate fluid flow between the iris and the cornea. One important technique to assess patients at risk of Glaucoma is to analyze ultrasound images of the eye to detect the structural changes. Currently, these images are analyzed manually. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to automatically compute this accretion from the ultrasound images of the eye. Apart from improving the contrast of the low resolution ultrasound image, the algorithm aims to determine the exact location of the apex point of the anterior chamber region for efficient angle calculation. It is highly imperative to detect Glaucoma in its early stages for diagnosis and hence the algorithm also addresses the importance of precise results with effective immunity towards speckle noise. This work shows a technique to improve the efficiency of clinical interpretation of Glaucoma in ultrasound images of the eye.

In digital cameras, Bayer color filter array(CFA) images are captured and demosaicing is carried ... more In digital cameras, Bayer color filter array(CFA) images are captured and demosaicing is carried out before compression. Recently, it was found that compression-first schemes outperform the conventional demosaicing-first schemes in terms of output image quality. An efficient prediction-based lossless compression and super-resolution schemes are proposed in this paper. Compressed image is coded with rice code. The proposed compression and super resolution schemes can achieve a better compression and high image quality than conventional lossless CFA image coding schemes.