Shashi B. Rana | Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar (original) (raw)

Papers by Shashi B. Rana

Villanova law review, 1989

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2014

In this research paper we investigated the effect of different path loss parameters with respect ... more In this research paper we investigated the effect of different path loss parameters with respect to distance in northen region of India (State: Punjab and Jammu) by using low and high power RF transmitter. In order to achieve good and reliable reception a practical broadcast engineers must know the suitability of appropriate model so as to design the various parameters of a transmitting station for achieving the high quality of signal at a known distance. In this paper we have taken field strength measurements for 100w FM and 10KW FM station at almost identical distances (50 Km) in different locations. All the measurements (readings) have been taken with the help of anritsu site master and by using the suitable anritsu dipole antenna. Comparative study of all graphs has been taken with respect to FCC f(50,50) curves. In this paper, various investigations and their graphs have been plotted to show a comparative analysis of different parameters. In our measurements, we have used receiving antenna of 4 meter height and subsequent conversion has been applied to convert measurement (readings) into 9 meter receiving antenna height.

In this study, pure ZnO and Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by using the... more In this study, pure ZnO and Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by using the wet chemical precipitation method. Pure and Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV-visible (UV-Vis) and FTIR spectroscopy. The XRD investigation of pure and Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles samples reveal and confirm the formation of single phase hexagonal wurtzite structure, without formation of any secondary and other impurity phases. XRD results further reveals the shifting of characteristics peak toward higher 2h (theta) angle with Ni doping. This shifting of the XRD peaks toward higher angle clearly indicates that Ni ions are effectively incorporated in the ZnO lattice. Surface morphology of pure and Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles samples was performed by using the SEM confirms the formation of spherical nanocrystallites with fine and clear defined boundaries. EDS spectroscopy indicates the substitution of dopant Ni 2? effectively in lattice site of Zn 2? as evident from XRD result also. The carriers i.e. donors confined on the Ni sites were confirmed from the micro Raman spectroscopy. Optical property of Ni-doped samples is confirmed by using the UV-Vis absorption which showed blue shift in absorption edge as compared to undoped ZnO nanoparticles. Undoped and Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibit considerable changes in the M-H loop, specifically the diamagnetic response changed into ferromagnetic character for Ni doped samples in VSM investigation. The antibacterial activities of the Nickel doped zinc oxide were studied against Gram-negative (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholerae, and E. coli) via using agar well diffusion technique. Further, these Ni doped nanoparticles were then applied as antibacterial agent to control the microorganisms or bacterial growth. Ni-doping on zinc oxide and exposure of sunlight enhanced the antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens which isolate at 40-45 lg concentration. Interestingly in this study, most effective antibacterial results were obtained against the water related bacteria such as E. coli and V. cholerae for Ni-doped ZnO NPs.

– This paper highlights the various performance characteristics of multislotted patch antenna whi... more – This paper highlights the various performance characteristics of multislotted patch antenna which is fabricated by using micro-machining technique. A 2 inch n-type silicon wafer, with high resistivity (>1000 ohm-cm) is used as a substrate material. The patch is designed on the substrate by using thin gold film with dimensions 340×240×2 µm3. In order to obtain multiband operation twelve thin slots of the dimensions 20×5×2 µm3 were etched from the gold substrate. The resultant structure obtained resembles like the shape of horn antenna which is capable of achieving multiband operations. The fabricated antenna results are measured for different performance parameters like VSWR, return loss, radiation patterns and compared with simulation results of high-frequency structure simulator tool HFSS. The experimental and simulated results are found to be almost identical. The impedance bandwidth obtained is about 49 Ω for |S11| ≤ −10 dB ranging from 2.5 to 30 GHz. This antenna is capable of achieving peak gain of 7 dBi.

Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2016

Cryptography is a process by which information or messages can be sent from one user to another u... more Cryptography is a process by which information or messages can be sent from one user to another user which provides several security services such as confidentiality, data integrity or authentication to the wireless communication system. As there is need for secure communication, efficient cryptographic processing is required for good system performance. One of the basic fundamental tools used in information security is known as the signature. Thus, the security for internet banking, account passwords, emails accounts password etc. requires text protection in digital media. This paper presents the security and compression for the data with the advance encryption standard (AES). In our research, we increase the number of rounds (Nr) to 16 for the encryption and decryption process of AES algorithm, which results in more security to the system. Experimental results and Theoretical analysis proved that this AES technique provide high speed as well as less transfer of data over the unsecured channels.

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2015

International Journal of Engineering Research and, 2015

Nanotechnology is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines in... more Nanotechnology is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. Traditionally, nanotechnology has been concerned with developments in the fields of microelectronics, medicine and materials sciences. However, the potential for application of many of the developments in the nanotechnology field in the area of construction engineering is growing. In this paper a broad overview of the potential application of various nanotechnology developments in the construction engineering field is discussed, and the potential for further basic research that may lead to improved systems is evaluated.

International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research

"Radio with fiber technology is used widely for the distribution of microwave signals for co... more "Radio with fiber technology is used widely for the distribution of microwave signals for coverage and capacity at medium to longer distance. In this paper, a simulation-based approach for design and analysis of a 10GHz bi-directional radio over fiber multiplexing communication system has been achieved at a bit rate of 10Gbps for broadband communication services like cellular, cable television (CATV) and Wi-Fi system. Furthermore, it has been investigated that with increasing the distance covered by the optical fiber, between the central station and the base station, the performance of the resultant RF signal degraded. The BER and quality factor of the RoF system decreases for a fixed number of channels (N=80). The maximum achieved value of the Q-factor for uplink connection is 9.60 dB and its minimum achieved value for downlink connection is 8.32dB at a fiber length of 2 Km. The bit error rates for uplink and downlink connections at an optical distance of 11 km remains same. The net loss measured for the received power level is 8.79dBm.Further, it has been investigated that the dispersion of single mode fiber has significant impact on the performance of RoF system. The Q-factor value of 8.91 dB has been achieved at dispersion level of 16.75ps/nm/km for RoF system. "

In the present work, a direct precipitation method using wet chemical reaction was used to synthe... more In the present work, a direct precipitation method using wet chemical reaction was used to synthesize pure and Sb doped ZnO nanoparticles. The zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide were used as staring materials or precursors to precipitate the desired pure ZnO nanoparticles followed by calcinations at 500oC. For the preparation of Sb doped nanoparticles stoichiometric amount of respective metal nitrate was dissolved in the zinc nitrate solution before precipitation. The phase purity and crystallite size of pure and Sb doped ZnO particles were characterized via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that the synthesized ZnO powders had a pure single phase wurtzite structure. The average particle sizes of pure ZnO was found to be 32 nm and average particles size for Sb doped ZnO was found to be in the range of 19-28 nm according to XRD measurements. Incorporation of dopant Sb influenced the particle size of the ZnO nanoparticles. Photo...

Journal of Optics, 2012

is being used increasingly for the distribution of cellular/radio and CATV signals to extend both... more is being used increasingly for the distribution of cellular/radio and CATV signals to extend both coverage and capacity within buildings and also in metropolitan areas. In this paper we have investigated by simulating the influence of Continuous Wave (CW) laser source power operating at a center frequency of 1550 nm for RZ and NRZ data formats at different bit rates of 2.5Gb/s, 5.0Gb/s and 10Gb/s for SCM (sub carrier multiplexing) based RoF system. The simulated results have been analyzed in this paper for fixed no. of channels (N070) and constant dispersion level (16.75 ps/nm/km) over a bidirectional single mode optical fiber. Further it has been investigated in this paper that the NRZ data format is comparatively better for RoF communication systems over short to medium transmission distances (from 2-12 km) for wireless/mobile communication than RZ data format. Maximum Q-factor of 15.94 dB with minimum bit error rate (less than 10 −9 ) at a bit rate of 5.0 GB/s has been achieved for this RoF communication model. Keywords Bit error rate (BER) . IM-DD . Quality factor (Q-factor) . Radio over Fiber (RoF) . SCM . Remote Antenna Units (RAUs)

$Research paper thumbnail of Study and investigation of long period grating as refractive index sensor$

Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2014

ABSTRACT In this paper, we have investigated the response of long period grating (LPG) as refract... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we have investigated the response of long period grating (LPG) as refractive index sensor. The response has been studied for refractive index variation ranging from 1 to 1.45. In this work, we found that the sensing mechanism is based on two different aspects. First is the change of coupling power from the guided core mode to other co-propagating cladding modes and second is the wavelength shift of the peak resonant wavelengths from their original positions due the change of refractive index of the environmental (external) medium surrounding the cladding of the grating.

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2012

ABSTRACT In this study, a precipitation method was used to synthesise ZnO nanoparticles using sui... more ABSTRACT In this study, a precipitation method was used to synthesise ZnO nanoparticles using suitable precursors. An efficient surface modification method was proposed in order to reduce the agglomeration among synthesised small sized ZnO nanoparticles using 2-aminothiophenol as a capping agent. This article briefly investigated the effects of capping agent like 2-aminothiophenol on the optoelectronic properties of ZnO nanoparticles. The modified effectivity of 2-aminothiophenol has been examined on the nanosized ZnO nanoparticle for fluorescence and UV–visible (UV–vis) studies. The mechanism was studied for ZnO nanoparticles light emitting capability under different conditions. By facilitating the capping of ZnO with 2-aminothiophenol, fluorescence emission of the surface defects vanishes and ultraviolet (UV) emission increases. Surface capping by 2-aminothiophenol effectively covers most of the surface defects of ZnO and results in quenching of the visible region. The UV–vis absorption spectra of modified ZnO nanoparticles has been influenced by modified ZnO nanoparticles as a result of surface modification; where marked blue shift in absorption edge results. By surface modification of ZnO nanoparticles, change in optoelectronics properties has opened the new scope and possibilities to explore and fine tune the optical character of the modified ZnO for various optoelectronics applications such as UV laser.

Int. J. Recent Trends …, 2009

Abstract Nanotechnology is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disc... more Abstract Nanotechnology is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. Traditionally, nanotechnology has been concerned with developments in the fields of microelectronics, medicine and ...

This paper discusses underlying technologies and requirements of future 5G communication systems.... more This paper discusses underlying technologies and requirements of future 5G communication systems. Some of the key enabling technologies discussed are very high speed data rate, very low latency, internet of things (IoT), advance cell structures, mmWave systems, Massive MIMO implementation etc. We have also discussed some of the current research going on & recent developments in new antenna technology for future 5G devices presented by researchers around the world. There are few challenges also to implement 5G wireless systems such as use of higher frequency bands to support high capacity, uniform service experience in a cell, highly efficient systems etc. These challenges are also discussed and explored to understand 5G communication.