A. Cork | The University of Greenwich (original) (raw)

Papers by A. Cork

Research paper thumbnail of Technical support for SME supplying pheromone-based pest control technologies in South Asia. Final Technical Report

Research paper thumbnail of SINGLE CELL RESPONSES FROM THE ANTENNAE OF FEMALE Lucilia cuprina TO THE POTENTIAL OLFACTORY STIMULANTS

Research paper thumbnail of Nucleotide sequencing, whitefly transmission, and screening tomato for resistance against two newly described begomoviruses in bangladesh

Phytopathology, 2005

The molecular diversity of Tomato leaf curl viruses (ToLCVs), from the two main tomato growing ar... more The molecular diversity of Tomato leaf curl viruses (ToLCVs), from the two main tomato growing areas of Jessore and Joydebpur, Bangladesh, was investigated. The viral DNA was amplified from tomato plants exhibiting mild and severe symptoms by polymerase chain reaction, and the complete genomes of the ToLCVs were sequenced. An isolate of the bipartite Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-Severe (ToLCNDV-Svr) was associated with the severe symptom phenotype from Jessore (ToLCNDV-Svr[Jes]). A previously undescribed monopartite virus, designated Tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus-Mild (ToLCJV-Mld), was sequenced from plants showing mild symptoms. ToLCNDV-Svr[Jes] was most closely related to ToLCNDV-[Lucknow] at 95.7% nucleotide (nt) identity and Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus-[Varanasi] at 90.6% nt identity, based on DNA-A and -B component sequences. ToLCJV-Mld was similar to Pepper leaf curl Bangladesh virus at 87.1% DNA-A nt identity. Identification of ToLCNDV-Svr[Jes] and ToLCJV-Mld was in...

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of a component of the female sex pheromone of callosobruchus analis (coleoptera: bruchidae)

Tetrahedron Letters, 1991

(z)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid (I) has been identified in volatiles from virgin females of the Bru... more (z)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid (I) has been identified in volatiles from virgin females of the Bruchid pest Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius) as a component eliciting an EAG response from male beetles. The synthetic compound shows attractant/arrestant activity in a laboratory bioassay and is proposed as a component of the female sex pheromone.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of electrophysiologically‐active compounds for New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, in larval wound fluid

Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1994

Acidic and non‐acidic fractions from extracts of fluid from sheep wounds infested with larvae of ... more Acidic and non‐acidic fractions from extracts of fluid from sheep wounds infested with larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were analysed by linked gas chromatography and electroantennography in order to detect electrophysiologically‐active compounds that could be potential attractants. Responses to twenty‐six electrophysiologically‐active compounds were observed and, on the basis of electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry and co‐chromatography with authentic compounds, twenty‐five of these compounds were characterized. The most abundant compounds identified in the larval wound fluid were straight and methyl‐branched aliphatic carboxylic acids, ranging from C2‐ to C5‐carbon chain length. Butanoic acid, for example, was found to be present at approximately 0.45mg/ml. Aliphatic carboxylic acids with longer chain lengths were also observed but in trace amounts. Three aromatic carboxylic acids, benzoic, phenylethanoic and 3‐phenylpropanoic acids were also prese...

Research paper thumbnail of Electrophysiological responses of female Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) to synthetic host odours

Journal of Insect Physiology, 2001

Studies were conducted to investigate the electroantennographic (EAG) responses of adult female H... more Studies were conducted to investigate the electroantennographic (EAG) responses of adult female Helicoverpa armigera to a range of known and putative kairomone components. The studies show that at a given dose the EAG responses elicited by a series of straight-chain aliphatic primary alcohols were not dependent on volatility since butan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol elicited EAG responses that were significantly smaller than those elicited by hexan-1-ol. The amplitudes of responses to hexan-1-ol were found to be dose dependent with a dose of 10 Ϫ1 µmol at source in a non-volatile solvent eliciting the largest response. Similarly, changes in functionality in a range of C 6 straight-chain aliphatic compounds significantly changed the amplitude of response elicited, with aldehydes eliciting smaller responses than the related primary alcohols and saturated compounds eliciting higher responses than related unsaturated compounds. Of the range of nine host plant-produced terpenoids tested, ocimene and β-phellandrene elicited the highest responses and of the six aromatic compounds tested phenylacetaldehyde and benzaldehyde elicited the largest responses, at the doses tested. The significance of these findings for analysis of floral odours by gas chromatography linked to electroantennography as a means of identifying kairomone components attractive to H. armigera are discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of major component of male-produced aggregation pheromone of larger grain borer,Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1991

Male beetles of the larger grain borer,Prostephanus truncatus Horn (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) wer... more Male beetles of the larger grain borer,Prostephanus truncatus Horn (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) were shown to produce material causing an electroantennographic (EAG) response from both male and female beetles. Volatiles from mixed sex cultures were collected on Porapak Q and fractionated by liquid chromatography (LC) with gradient elution. The total volatiles and the fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) linked to EAG, and two compounds eluting in the same LC fraction elicited EAG responses from male and female beetles. These were assumed to be components of the male-produced aggregation pheromone. Amounts of these compounds obtained were very low and less than 10(-3) times the amounts of the aggregation pheromone components produced by the related species,Rhyzopertha dominica, under similar conditions. The most abundant of these EAG-active compounds was identified as 1-methyiethyl (2E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate by comparison of its GC retention times and mass spectrum with those of synthetic analogs. The synthetic compound elicited electrophysiological and behavioral responses in both male and female beetles significantly greater than those to structural analogs. This compound is attractive toP. truncatus beetles in the field, and has been given the trivial name of "trunc-call 1".

Research paper thumbnail of Studies of the Female Sex Pheromone of the Native Budworm, Heliothis Punctiger

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1982

Field screening tests indicated that males of the native budworm, Heliothis punctiger Wallengren ... more Field screening tests indicated that males of the native budworm, Heliothis punctiger Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were attracted to a 20:20:1 mixture of (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal (Z11‐16:ALD), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate (Z11‐16:Ac) and (Z)‐9‐tetradecenal (Z9‐14:ALD), respectively. Inconsistent results were obtained when the Z11‐16:Ac in the blend was replaced by the corresponding alcohol, (Z)‐11‐hexadecenol (Z11‐16:OH). The presence of Z11‐16:ALD, Z11‐16:Ac and Z11‐16:OH in ovipositor washings from virgin females was confirmed by gas chromatographic (GC) and electroantennographic (EAG) analyses. Despite the field results, there was no evidence of Z9‐14:ALD in the virgin female extracts although this compound would not have been detected at levels below 0.5% of the total pheromone blend.RÉSUMÉÉtude de la phéromone sexuelle des femelles d‘Heliothis punctigerDes études de terrain sur l'attraction des mâles d'Heliothis punctiger (Wallengren) par des substances chimiques montren...

Research paper thumbnail of Control of yellow stem borer,Scirpophaga incertulas(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by mating disruption on rice in India: effect of unnatural pheromone blends and application time on efficacy

Bulletin of Entomological Research, 1996

Single applications of slow-release pheromone formulations were used to control yellow stem borer... more Single applications of slow-release pheromone formulations were used to control yellow stem borer,Scirpophaga incertulasWalker, by mating disruption in two trials on rice in India. The first trial compared the efficacy of two formulations containing 1:10:1 and 1:10:0 ratios of (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-ll-hexadecenal and (Z)-9-octadecenal, components of theS. incertulaspheromone, and a commercially-available formulation, Selibate CS, containing the relatedChilo suppressalisWalker pheromone, a 1:10:1 blend of (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-ll-hexadecenal and (Z)-13-octadecenal, with farmers' practice plots treated with insecticides. Pheromone trap catches indicated that in each of the pheromone-treated plots the catches of male moths were reduced by up to 98% compared with catches in the insecticide-treated plots suggesting that pheromone-mediated communication was disrupted. Larval damage ranged from 5.7 to 8.1% white heads (WH) in the insecticide-treated plots compared to a significantly ...

Research paper thumbnail of Odour mediated, host seeking behaviour of Anopheles mosquitoes: a new approach

Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology, 1997

Investigations of the chemical ecology of host-seeking behaviour of the anthropophilic, malarial ... more Investigations of the chemical ecology of host-seeking behaviour of the anthropophilic, malarial mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. were conducted using observations on biting behaviour, a behavioural bioassay to test the activity of candidate odours, and analytical chemistry of attractive odour mixtures. Anopheles gambiae s.s. landed and bit preferentially on the human foot and it was shown that this behaviour was odour modulated. In the bioassay, the mosquitoes were found to be highly attracted to emanations of Limburger cheese, the odours of which are reminiscent of those from human feet. The active compounds in the cheese were found to be fatty acids and the mosquitoes were attracted to a synthetic mixture of such acids. The ecology of this behaviour is discussed with respect to the odours produced by human skin.

Research paper thumbnail of Cold aqueous extracts of African marigold, Tagetes erecta for control tomato root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Crop Protection, 2006

... Interestingly, juvenile M. incognita populations were suppressed more by extracts prepared fr... more ... Interestingly, juvenile M. incognita populations were suppressed more by extracts prepared from stem and whole plants rather than root portions (Siddiqui and Alam, 1988) suggesting that extracts could be prepared from residual T. erecta plant material grown by commercial ...

Research paper thumbnail of A unique pattern of central nervous system leukemia in acute myelomonocytic leukemia associated with inv(16)(p13q22)

Blood

Twenty-six patients with inv(16)(p13q22) or del(16)(q22) in association with acute myelomonocytic... more Twenty-six patients with inv(16)(p13q22) or del(16)(q22) in association with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML-M4, FAB classification), and abnormal marrow eosinophils have been treated at this institute. Initial bone marrow eosinophilia (greater than or equal to 4%) was observed in 22 of 26 patients (85%), and abnormal eosinophil morphology, characterized by immature cells with some interspersed basophilic granules, was evident in 26 of 26 (100%). Giemsa-banded chromosome analysis performed in all patients revealed 16 cases with inv(16)(p13q22) alone, and ten cases with additional chromosome changes. Twenty-five patients received combination induction chemotherapy, and 23 (92%) achieved complete remission (CR). The median duration of remission was 18 months (range, six to 72 + months), and the median duration of survival was 34 months (range, 0.5 to 133 months). Nine patients (35%) relapsed in the CNS at a median time of 19 months (range, six to 133 months) from first marrow CR. All patients had leptomeningeal disease, and in addition, six of nine (66%) demonstrated two or more enhancing lesions on computed tomography brain scan, consistent with intracerebral myeloblastomas. Review of 384 Giemsa-banded patients with acute myeloid leukemia revealed no other morphologic or cytogenetic subgroup with either an equivalent incidence of CNS leukemia or documented intracerebral myeloblastomas. This series of inv(16)(p13q22)/del(16)(q22) AMML reports a favorable prognosis for such patients and associates a specific clonal cytogenetic subgroup of acute leukemia with a distinct propensity for CNS relapse, manifesting as leptomeningeal disease and intracerebral myeloblastomas.

Research paper thumbnail of Cytogenetic features of HD suggest possible origin from a lymphocyte

Research paper thumbnail of Acute myelomonocytic leukemia associated with abnormalities of chromosome 16: a light and electron microscopic study

Hematologic pathology

We investigated the light and ultrastructural morphology of 37 patients with acute nonlymphocytic... more We investigated the light and ultrastructural morphology of 37 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and inv(16)(p13q22) or del (16)(q22) with specific emphasis on the changes in the eosinophils (EOS). All but one of the 37 patients were classified as French-American-British M4 with eosinophilia (FAB M4-E) on the basis of the monocytoid nature of the leukemic cells and the presence of large EOS with interspersed basophilic-staining granules. A median of 92% of the blasts were peroxidase positive, and Auer rods were found in 71% of cases. Only 27% of the cases had sufficient alpha-naphthyl butyrate positivity to confirm the diagnosis of FAB M4, but electron microscopy demonstrated a sufficient monocytic component to support this classification in all cases examined. Electron microscopy also demonstrated nuclear blebs both in the blasts and notably, in the EOS of all cases examined (16 of 16). Nuclear blebs in EOS were found in only 1 of 13 cases of ANLL that showed eosinophilia but lacked abnormalities of chromosome 16. This case was also classified as FAB M4-E. The finding of nuclear blebs in EOS in FAB M4-E suggests that the EOS may be derived from the malignant clone in this leukemia. These blebs are also of diagnostic in value classifying a leukemia as FAB M4-E.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular heterogeneity in acute leukemia lineage switch

Blood

Six cases of acute leukemia that underwent lineage switch from acute lymphocytic leukemia to acut... more Six cases of acute leukemia that underwent lineage switch from acute lymphocytic leukemia to acute myelogenous leukemia are reported. The mean age of the patients was 24 years, time to conversion was 36 months, and survival after conversion was only 3 months. Of the three cases which showed abnormal metaphases at both diagnosis and conversion, two (cases 2, 5) showed related cytogenetic abnormalities, and the third showed (case 3) independent chromosomal changes. Molecular analysis for immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor beta chain genes showed that five of the six cases had rearrangement of at least one of these lymphoid associated genes at conversion to acute myelogenous leukemia. The single case (case 3) in which there were no lymphoid gene rearrangements at conversion was also the only case in which independent karyotypic abnormalities at diagnosis and conversion were demonstrated. Our findings suggest that lineage switch can represent either relapse of the original clone with heterogeneity at the molecular level or the emergence of a second new leukemic clone without molecular heterogeneity.

Research paper thumbnail of Detectin of AML1/ETO fusion transcript as a tool for diagnosing t(8;21) positive acute myelogenous leukemia

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of long-term marrow culture on the nonadherent Philadelphia chromosome-positive clone in chronic myelogenous leukemia: preliminary observations

Hematologic pathology

To evaluate the effect of long-term culture on the Philadelphia chromosome-positive nonadherent h... more To evaluate the effect of long-term culture on the Philadelphia chromosome-positive nonadherent hemopoietic clone in chronic myelogenous leukemia, bone marrow aspirates from five patients were grown in culture for three to four weeks. In addition to control cultures, samples were incubated with recombinant alpha-interferon. Cytogenetic studies performed on the nonadherent hemopoietic cells demonstrated suppression of the Philadelphia chromosome-positive clones, and appearance of cells with normal diploid karyotype in two of the five patients studied; cells from the remaining three patients showed persistent Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells in 100% of the metaphases. Exposure to alpha-interferon did not enhance the suppression of the Philadelphia chromosome-positive clones. A good correlation was noted between in vitro results and in vivo cytogenetic response: the two patients whose in vitro studies showed diploid clones achieved complete hematologic remission and suppression of Philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases with therapy. Our data suggest that long-term culture favors the growth of normal clones over Philadelphia chromosome-positive clones in the nonadherent hemopoietic cells of some patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The value of the procedure as an in vitro predictive test for residual normal stem cells and response to therapy and for autologous marrow in vitro purging needs further exploration.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical implications of cytogenetic abnormalities in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia

The American journal of pediatric hematology/oncology, 1981

Banding techniques have been applied to the study of the karyotypic alterations associated with a... more Banding techniques have been applied to the study of the karyotypic alterations associated with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). These studies have identified nonrandom changes which preferentially involve certain chromosomal elements. Correlation of these chromosomal aberrations with the clinical ahd hematological findings indicates the existence of clinicocytogenetic syndromes. These patients exhibit specific chromosomal alterations with a well-defined hematological picture and clinical behavior. In this article the clinical implications of the various types of specific chromosomal abnormalities seen in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, as found in our laboratory and as reported in the literature, are reviewed and discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular heterogeneity in acute leukemia lineage switch

Blood, 1989

Six cases of acute leukemia that underwent lineage switch from acute lymphocytic leukemia to acut... more Six cases of acute leukemia that underwent lineage switch from acute lymphocytic leukemia to acute myelogenous leukemia are reported. The mean age of the patients was 24 years, time to conversion was 36 months, and survival after conversion was only 3 months. Of the three cases which showed abnormal metaphases at both diagnosis and conversion, two (cases 2, 5) showed related cytogenetic abnormalities, and the third showed (case 3) independent chromosomal changes. Molecular analysis for immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor beta chain genes showed that five of the six cases had rearrangement of at least one of these lymphoid associated genes at conversion to acute myelogenous leukemia. The single case (case 3) in which there were no lymphoid gene rearrangements at conversion was also the only case in which independent karyotypic abnormalities at diagnosis and conversion were demonstrated. Our findings suggest that lineage switch can represent either relapse of the original c...

Research paper thumbnail of AML-associated cytogenetic abnormalities (inv (16), del (16), t(8;21)) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

Hematologic pathology, 1992

Evidence suggests that prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myelog... more Evidence suggests that prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) depends more on karyotype than on formal classification as either MDS or AML according to the French-American-British (FAB) system. We provide further evidence of overlap between these two entities, reporting 4 patients who presented with either inv(16) (p13q22), del(16) (q22), or t(8;21) despite an FAB diagnosis of MDS rather than the diagnosis of AML with which these abnormalities are generally associated. In 3 patients, disease was relatively long-standing (3-10 months) prior to diagnosis, suggesting that the association between MDS and these cytogenetic abnormalities may not merely reflect a transient phenomenon. Two patients with inv(16) and the MDS subtype refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-t) received AML-type chemotherapy as did a patient with t(8;21) and RAEB-t. All entered CR paralleling the high CR rate seen in patients with AML a...

Research paper thumbnail of Technical support for SME supplying pheromone-based pest control technologies in South Asia. Final Technical Report

Research paper thumbnail of SINGLE CELL RESPONSES FROM THE ANTENNAE OF FEMALE Lucilia cuprina TO THE POTENTIAL OLFACTORY STIMULANTS

Research paper thumbnail of Nucleotide sequencing, whitefly transmission, and screening tomato for resistance against two newly described begomoviruses in bangladesh

Phytopathology, 2005

The molecular diversity of Tomato leaf curl viruses (ToLCVs), from the two main tomato growing ar... more The molecular diversity of Tomato leaf curl viruses (ToLCVs), from the two main tomato growing areas of Jessore and Joydebpur, Bangladesh, was investigated. The viral DNA was amplified from tomato plants exhibiting mild and severe symptoms by polymerase chain reaction, and the complete genomes of the ToLCVs were sequenced. An isolate of the bipartite Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-Severe (ToLCNDV-Svr) was associated with the severe symptom phenotype from Jessore (ToLCNDV-Svr[Jes]). A previously undescribed monopartite virus, designated Tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus-Mild (ToLCJV-Mld), was sequenced from plants showing mild symptoms. ToLCNDV-Svr[Jes] was most closely related to ToLCNDV-[Lucknow] at 95.7% nucleotide (nt) identity and Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus-[Varanasi] at 90.6% nt identity, based on DNA-A and -B component sequences. ToLCJV-Mld was similar to Pepper leaf curl Bangladesh virus at 87.1% DNA-A nt identity. Identification of ToLCNDV-Svr[Jes] and ToLCJV-Mld was in...

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of a component of the female sex pheromone of callosobruchus analis (coleoptera: bruchidae)

Tetrahedron Letters, 1991

(z)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid (I) has been identified in volatiles from virgin females of the Bru... more (z)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid (I) has been identified in volatiles from virgin females of the Bruchid pest Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius) as a component eliciting an EAG response from male beetles. The synthetic compound shows attractant/arrestant activity in a laboratory bioassay and is proposed as a component of the female sex pheromone.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of electrophysiologically‐active compounds for New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, in larval wound fluid

Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1994

Acidic and non‐acidic fractions from extracts of fluid from sheep wounds infested with larvae of ... more Acidic and non‐acidic fractions from extracts of fluid from sheep wounds infested with larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were analysed by linked gas chromatography and electroantennography in order to detect electrophysiologically‐active compounds that could be potential attractants. Responses to twenty‐six electrophysiologically‐active compounds were observed and, on the basis of electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry and co‐chromatography with authentic compounds, twenty‐five of these compounds were characterized. The most abundant compounds identified in the larval wound fluid were straight and methyl‐branched aliphatic carboxylic acids, ranging from C2‐ to C5‐carbon chain length. Butanoic acid, for example, was found to be present at approximately 0.45mg/ml. Aliphatic carboxylic acids with longer chain lengths were also observed but in trace amounts. Three aromatic carboxylic acids, benzoic, phenylethanoic and 3‐phenylpropanoic acids were also prese...

Research paper thumbnail of Electrophysiological responses of female Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) to synthetic host odours

Journal of Insect Physiology, 2001

Studies were conducted to investigate the electroantennographic (EAG) responses of adult female H... more Studies were conducted to investigate the electroantennographic (EAG) responses of adult female Helicoverpa armigera to a range of known and putative kairomone components. The studies show that at a given dose the EAG responses elicited by a series of straight-chain aliphatic primary alcohols were not dependent on volatility since butan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol elicited EAG responses that were significantly smaller than those elicited by hexan-1-ol. The amplitudes of responses to hexan-1-ol were found to be dose dependent with a dose of 10 Ϫ1 µmol at source in a non-volatile solvent eliciting the largest response. Similarly, changes in functionality in a range of C 6 straight-chain aliphatic compounds significantly changed the amplitude of response elicited, with aldehydes eliciting smaller responses than the related primary alcohols and saturated compounds eliciting higher responses than related unsaturated compounds. Of the range of nine host plant-produced terpenoids tested, ocimene and β-phellandrene elicited the highest responses and of the six aromatic compounds tested phenylacetaldehyde and benzaldehyde elicited the largest responses, at the doses tested. The significance of these findings for analysis of floral odours by gas chromatography linked to electroantennography as a means of identifying kairomone components attractive to H. armigera are discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of major component of male-produced aggregation pheromone of larger grain borer,Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1991

Male beetles of the larger grain borer,Prostephanus truncatus Horn (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) wer... more Male beetles of the larger grain borer,Prostephanus truncatus Horn (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) were shown to produce material causing an electroantennographic (EAG) response from both male and female beetles. Volatiles from mixed sex cultures were collected on Porapak Q and fractionated by liquid chromatography (LC) with gradient elution. The total volatiles and the fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) linked to EAG, and two compounds eluting in the same LC fraction elicited EAG responses from male and female beetles. These were assumed to be components of the male-produced aggregation pheromone. Amounts of these compounds obtained were very low and less than 10(-3) times the amounts of the aggregation pheromone components produced by the related species,Rhyzopertha dominica, under similar conditions. The most abundant of these EAG-active compounds was identified as 1-methyiethyl (2E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate by comparison of its GC retention times and mass spectrum with those of synthetic analogs. The synthetic compound elicited electrophysiological and behavioral responses in both male and female beetles significantly greater than those to structural analogs. This compound is attractive toP. truncatus beetles in the field, and has been given the trivial name of "trunc-call 1".

Research paper thumbnail of Studies of the Female Sex Pheromone of the Native Budworm, Heliothis Punctiger

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1982

Field screening tests indicated that males of the native budworm, Heliothis punctiger Wallengren ... more Field screening tests indicated that males of the native budworm, Heliothis punctiger Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were attracted to a 20:20:1 mixture of (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal (Z11‐16:ALD), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate (Z11‐16:Ac) and (Z)‐9‐tetradecenal (Z9‐14:ALD), respectively. Inconsistent results were obtained when the Z11‐16:Ac in the blend was replaced by the corresponding alcohol, (Z)‐11‐hexadecenol (Z11‐16:OH). The presence of Z11‐16:ALD, Z11‐16:Ac and Z11‐16:OH in ovipositor washings from virgin females was confirmed by gas chromatographic (GC) and electroantennographic (EAG) analyses. Despite the field results, there was no evidence of Z9‐14:ALD in the virgin female extracts although this compound would not have been detected at levels below 0.5% of the total pheromone blend.RÉSUMÉÉtude de la phéromone sexuelle des femelles d‘Heliothis punctigerDes études de terrain sur l'attraction des mâles d'Heliothis punctiger (Wallengren) par des substances chimiques montren...

Research paper thumbnail of Control of yellow stem borer,Scirpophaga incertulas(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by mating disruption on rice in India: effect of unnatural pheromone blends and application time on efficacy

Bulletin of Entomological Research, 1996

Single applications of slow-release pheromone formulations were used to control yellow stem borer... more Single applications of slow-release pheromone formulations were used to control yellow stem borer,Scirpophaga incertulasWalker, by mating disruption in two trials on rice in India. The first trial compared the efficacy of two formulations containing 1:10:1 and 1:10:0 ratios of (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-ll-hexadecenal and (Z)-9-octadecenal, components of theS. incertulaspheromone, and a commercially-available formulation, Selibate CS, containing the relatedChilo suppressalisWalker pheromone, a 1:10:1 blend of (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-ll-hexadecenal and (Z)-13-octadecenal, with farmers' practice plots treated with insecticides. Pheromone trap catches indicated that in each of the pheromone-treated plots the catches of male moths were reduced by up to 98% compared with catches in the insecticide-treated plots suggesting that pheromone-mediated communication was disrupted. Larval damage ranged from 5.7 to 8.1% white heads (WH) in the insecticide-treated plots compared to a significantly ...

Research paper thumbnail of Odour mediated, host seeking behaviour of Anopheles mosquitoes: a new approach

Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology, 1997

Investigations of the chemical ecology of host-seeking behaviour of the anthropophilic, malarial ... more Investigations of the chemical ecology of host-seeking behaviour of the anthropophilic, malarial mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. were conducted using observations on biting behaviour, a behavioural bioassay to test the activity of candidate odours, and analytical chemistry of attractive odour mixtures. Anopheles gambiae s.s. landed and bit preferentially on the human foot and it was shown that this behaviour was odour modulated. In the bioassay, the mosquitoes were found to be highly attracted to emanations of Limburger cheese, the odours of which are reminiscent of those from human feet. The active compounds in the cheese were found to be fatty acids and the mosquitoes were attracted to a synthetic mixture of such acids. The ecology of this behaviour is discussed with respect to the odours produced by human skin.

Research paper thumbnail of Cold aqueous extracts of African marigold, Tagetes erecta for control tomato root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Crop Protection, 2006

... Interestingly, juvenile M. incognita populations were suppressed more by extracts prepared fr... more ... Interestingly, juvenile M. incognita populations were suppressed more by extracts prepared from stem and whole plants rather than root portions (Siddiqui and Alam, 1988) suggesting that extracts could be prepared from residual T. erecta plant material grown by commercial ...

Research paper thumbnail of A unique pattern of central nervous system leukemia in acute myelomonocytic leukemia associated with inv(16)(p13q22)

Blood

Twenty-six patients with inv(16)(p13q22) or del(16)(q22) in association with acute myelomonocytic... more Twenty-six patients with inv(16)(p13q22) or del(16)(q22) in association with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML-M4, FAB classification), and abnormal marrow eosinophils have been treated at this institute. Initial bone marrow eosinophilia (greater than or equal to 4%) was observed in 22 of 26 patients (85%), and abnormal eosinophil morphology, characterized by immature cells with some interspersed basophilic granules, was evident in 26 of 26 (100%). Giemsa-banded chromosome analysis performed in all patients revealed 16 cases with inv(16)(p13q22) alone, and ten cases with additional chromosome changes. Twenty-five patients received combination induction chemotherapy, and 23 (92%) achieved complete remission (CR). The median duration of remission was 18 months (range, six to 72 + months), and the median duration of survival was 34 months (range, 0.5 to 133 months). Nine patients (35%) relapsed in the CNS at a median time of 19 months (range, six to 133 months) from first marrow CR. All patients had leptomeningeal disease, and in addition, six of nine (66%) demonstrated two or more enhancing lesions on computed tomography brain scan, consistent with intracerebral myeloblastomas. Review of 384 Giemsa-banded patients with acute myeloid leukemia revealed no other morphologic or cytogenetic subgroup with either an equivalent incidence of CNS leukemia or documented intracerebral myeloblastomas. This series of inv(16)(p13q22)/del(16)(q22) AMML reports a favorable prognosis for such patients and associates a specific clonal cytogenetic subgroup of acute leukemia with a distinct propensity for CNS relapse, manifesting as leptomeningeal disease and intracerebral myeloblastomas.

Research paper thumbnail of Cytogenetic features of HD suggest possible origin from a lymphocyte

Research paper thumbnail of Acute myelomonocytic leukemia associated with abnormalities of chromosome 16: a light and electron microscopic study

Hematologic pathology

We investigated the light and ultrastructural morphology of 37 patients with acute nonlymphocytic... more We investigated the light and ultrastructural morphology of 37 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and inv(16)(p13q22) or del (16)(q22) with specific emphasis on the changes in the eosinophils (EOS). All but one of the 37 patients were classified as French-American-British M4 with eosinophilia (FAB M4-E) on the basis of the monocytoid nature of the leukemic cells and the presence of large EOS with interspersed basophilic-staining granules. A median of 92% of the blasts were peroxidase positive, and Auer rods were found in 71% of cases. Only 27% of the cases had sufficient alpha-naphthyl butyrate positivity to confirm the diagnosis of FAB M4, but electron microscopy demonstrated a sufficient monocytic component to support this classification in all cases examined. Electron microscopy also demonstrated nuclear blebs both in the blasts and notably, in the EOS of all cases examined (16 of 16). Nuclear blebs in EOS were found in only 1 of 13 cases of ANLL that showed eosinophilia but lacked abnormalities of chromosome 16. This case was also classified as FAB M4-E. The finding of nuclear blebs in EOS in FAB M4-E suggests that the EOS may be derived from the malignant clone in this leukemia. These blebs are also of diagnostic in value classifying a leukemia as FAB M4-E.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular heterogeneity in acute leukemia lineage switch

Blood

Six cases of acute leukemia that underwent lineage switch from acute lymphocytic leukemia to acut... more Six cases of acute leukemia that underwent lineage switch from acute lymphocytic leukemia to acute myelogenous leukemia are reported. The mean age of the patients was 24 years, time to conversion was 36 months, and survival after conversion was only 3 months. Of the three cases which showed abnormal metaphases at both diagnosis and conversion, two (cases 2, 5) showed related cytogenetic abnormalities, and the third showed (case 3) independent chromosomal changes. Molecular analysis for immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor beta chain genes showed that five of the six cases had rearrangement of at least one of these lymphoid associated genes at conversion to acute myelogenous leukemia. The single case (case 3) in which there were no lymphoid gene rearrangements at conversion was also the only case in which independent karyotypic abnormalities at diagnosis and conversion were demonstrated. Our findings suggest that lineage switch can represent either relapse of the original clone with heterogeneity at the molecular level or the emergence of a second new leukemic clone without molecular heterogeneity.

Research paper thumbnail of Detectin of AML1/ETO fusion transcript as a tool for diagnosing t(8;21) positive acute myelogenous leukemia

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of long-term marrow culture on the nonadherent Philadelphia chromosome-positive clone in chronic myelogenous leukemia: preliminary observations

Hematologic pathology

To evaluate the effect of long-term culture on the Philadelphia chromosome-positive nonadherent h... more To evaluate the effect of long-term culture on the Philadelphia chromosome-positive nonadherent hemopoietic clone in chronic myelogenous leukemia, bone marrow aspirates from five patients were grown in culture for three to four weeks. In addition to control cultures, samples were incubated with recombinant alpha-interferon. Cytogenetic studies performed on the nonadherent hemopoietic cells demonstrated suppression of the Philadelphia chromosome-positive clones, and appearance of cells with normal diploid karyotype in two of the five patients studied; cells from the remaining three patients showed persistent Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells in 100% of the metaphases. Exposure to alpha-interferon did not enhance the suppression of the Philadelphia chromosome-positive clones. A good correlation was noted between in vitro results and in vivo cytogenetic response: the two patients whose in vitro studies showed diploid clones achieved complete hematologic remission and suppression of Philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases with therapy. Our data suggest that long-term culture favors the growth of normal clones over Philadelphia chromosome-positive clones in the nonadherent hemopoietic cells of some patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The value of the procedure as an in vitro predictive test for residual normal stem cells and response to therapy and for autologous marrow in vitro purging needs further exploration.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical implications of cytogenetic abnormalities in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia

The American journal of pediatric hematology/oncology, 1981

Banding techniques have been applied to the study of the karyotypic alterations associated with a... more Banding techniques have been applied to the study of the karyotypic alterations associated with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). These studies have identified nonrandom changes which preferentially involve certain chromosomal elements. Correlation of these chromosomal aberrations with the clinical ahd hematological findings indicates the existence of clinicocytogenetic syndromes. These patients exhibit specific chromosomal alterations with a well-defined hematological picture and clinical behavior. In this article the clinical implications of the various types of specific chromosomal abnormalities seen in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, as found in our laboratory and as reported in the literature, are reviewed and discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular heterogeneity in acute leukemia lineage switch

Blood, 1989

Six cases of acute leukemia that underwent lineage switch from acute lymphocytic leukemia to acut... more Six cases of acute leukemia that underwent lineage switch from acute lymphocytic leukemia to acute myelogenous leukemia are reported. The mean age of the patients was 24 years, time to conversion was 36 months, and survival after conversion was only 3 months. Of the three cases which showed abnormal metaphases at both diagnosis and conversion, two (cases 2, 5) showed related cytogenetic abnormalities, and the third showed (case 3) independent chromosomal changes. Molecular analysis for immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor beta chain genes showed that five of the six cases had rearrangement of at least one of these lymphoid associated genes at conversion to acute myelogenous leukemia. The single case (case 3) in which there were no lymphoid gene rearrangements at conversion was also the only case in which independent karyotypic abnormalities at diagnosis and conversion were demonstrated. Our findings suggest that lineage switch can represent either relapse of the original c...

Research paper thumbnail of AML-associated cytogenetic abnormalities (inv (16), del (16), t(8;21)) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

Hematologic pathology, 1992

Evidence suggests that prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myelog... more Evidence suggests that prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) depends more on karyotype than on formal classification as either MDS or AML according to the French-American-British (FAB) system. We provide further evidence of overlap between these two entities, reporting 4 patients who presented with either inv(16) (p13q22), del(16) (q22), or t(8;21) despite an FAB diagnosis of MDS rather than the diagnosis of AML with which these abnormalities are generally associated. In 3 patients, disease was relatively long-standing (3-10 months) prior to diagnosis, suggesting that the association between MDS and these cytogenetic abnormalities may not merely reflect a transient phenomenon. Two patients with inv(16) and the MDS subtype refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-t) received AML-type chemotherapy as did a patient with t(8;21) and RAEB-t. All entered CR paralleling the high CR rate seen in patients with AML a...