Kendal Pitt | GlaxoSmithKline, LLP (original) (raw)
Papers by Kendal Pitt
Powder Technology, 2009
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Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
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Pharmaceutical Development and Technology
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Pharmaceutical Development and Technology
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International Journal of Pharmaceutics
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation
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Drug development and industrial pharmacy, Jan 19, 2018
Screw feeder performance is a critical aspect in continuous manufacturing processes. Pharmaceutic... more Screw feeder performance is a critical aspect in continuous manufacturing processes. Pharmaceutical excipients, such as mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, and anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate can present problems in ensuring a continuous stable feed rate due to their sub-optimal flow properties. In alignment with Quality by Design (QbD) goals, the aim of this work was to identify and explain critical sources of variability of some powder excipients delivery by screw feeding, in particular to continuous processing lines. Pharmaceutical excipients with a wide range of material properties were selected, and the impact of their flow and density properties on screw feeder performance was investigated. The analysis of the powder conveying by the screws was performed at different hopper fills and different screw speeds. A multivariable model involving bulk density (CBD) and parameters from FT4 dynamic downwards testing (SI) and dynamic upwards testing (SE) explai...
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Pharmaceutical Development and Technology
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Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 2006
ABSTRACT
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International journal of pharmaceutics, Jan 15, 2010
The thermal behaviour of the ethylcellulose (EC), a polymer that is widely used in pharmaceutical... more The thermal behaviour of the ethylcellulose (EC), a polymer that is widely used in pharmaceutical dosage forms, has been investigated with a view to study the glass transition and higher temperature thermal events as well as to develop new approaches to characterise this complex polymer system. Samples of EC powder were studied using conventional and modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC), quasi-isothermal (Qi-)MTDSC and hot stage microscopy (HSM) with simultaneous transmitted light intensity measurements. The T(g) was noted at circa 128-130 degrees C, with an accompanying baseline drift associated with a temperature dependent heat capacity change. A higher temperature combined endo/exothermic event was noted at 170-190 degrees C. TGA studies indicated that the exotherm was associated with oxidative degradation, with the accompanying DSC data being highly dependent on the sample encapsulation method used. The endotherm was found to be kinetically hindered, a...
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Powder Technology, 2015
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PEDIATRICS, 2009
The goal was to assess the acceptability and suitability of placebo minitablets for preschool-age... more The goal was to assess the acceptability and suitability of placebo minitablets for preschool-aged children. One hundred children 2 to 6 years of age were recruited from a major London hospital. How to swallow the minitablet was discussed with the child, and chewing was discouraged. The parents were asked to administer 1 minitablet (placebo, 3-mm diameter) to the child. The outcomes were recorded as (1) swallowed, (2) chewed, (3) spat out, or (4) refused to take. Of the youngest children (2 years of age), almost one half (46%) swallowed the minitablet. The proportion increased to 53% for children 3 years of age. Children > or =4 years of age were more likely to swallow the minitablet than not to swallow the minitablet, with 85% of 5-year-old children swallowing the minitablet. The ability to swallow the minitablet was not affected by gender. This study demonstrated the potential to use minitablets for the treatment of preschool-aged children and suggests that minitablets can be used as a potential new formulation for children in this age range.
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Particulate Science and Technology, 2003
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Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2007
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Powder Technology, 2015
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Powder Technology, 2015
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Powder pressing is a forming process used in a wide range of industries, such as powder metallurg... more Powder pressing is a forming process used in a wide range of industries, such as powder metallurgy, industrial ceramics, pharmaceutical tablets, food, detergents, fertilizers, batteries, magnets, and nuclear and hard metals. The process is fast, economic and lends itself to high-volume production. In spite of the broad range of powder materials and applications, powder pressing has common features in various industries. The operation consists of filling a die with powder, compressing using rigid punches, followed by ejection from the die. During this process, the loose powder bed is made compact according to a given shape and microstructure. Powder metallurgy compacts are required to have sufficient strength to withstand handling and have a dense, uniform, and defect-free microstructure. Compaction is followed by sintering to achieve near-full density and maximum strength for structural applications. The properties of a powder compact depend on the characteristics of the powder and the choice of process parameters during compaction. In order to achieve the desired compact properties the powders are mixed with other ingredients having specific functions. For example, lubricants are added to reduce the friction and wear of the tools and equipment. Steel powders may be mixed with graphite, which acts as a lubricant during compaction and alloying material can be mixed during sintering. Hard metal cutting tools are compressed by embedding the hard ceramic component into a soft metal matrix. In pharmaceutical tablets, the active ingredient is mixed with excipients such as lubricants (to control the friction between powder and tooling), glidants (to improve flow), binders (to improve strength), and disintegrants, which are polymers that swell in contact with water.
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Handbook of Powder Technology, 2007
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Powder Technology, 2009
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Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
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Pharmaceutical Development and Technology
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Pharmaceutical Development and Technology
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International Journal of Pharmaceutics
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation
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Drug development and industrial pharmacy, Jan 19, 2018
Screw feeder performance is a critical aspect in continuous manufacturing processes. Pharmaceutic... more Screw feeder performance is a critical aspect in continuous manufacturing processes. Pharmaceutical excipients, such as mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, and anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate can present problems in ensuring a continuous stable feed rate due to their sub-optimal flow properties. In alignment with Quality by Design (QbD) goals, the aim of this work was to identify and explain critical sources of variability of some powder excipients delivery by screw feeding, in particular to continuous processing lines. Pharmaceutical excipients with a wide range of material properties were selected, and the impact of their flow and density properties on screw feeder performance was investigated. The analysis of the powder conveying by the screws was performed at different hopper fills and different screw speeds. A multivariable model involving bulk density (CBD) and parameters from FT4 dynamic downwards testing (SI) and dynamic upwards testing (SE) explai...
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Pharmaceutical Development and Technology
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Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 2006
ABSTRACT
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International journal of pharmaceutics, Jan 15, 2010
The thermal behaviour of the ethylcellulose (EC), a polymer that is widely used in pharmaceutical... more The thermal behaviour of the ethylcellulose (EC), a polymer that is widely used in pharmaceutical dosage forms, has been investigated with a view to study the glass transition and higher temperature thermal events as well as to develop new approaches to characterise this complex polymer system. Samples of EC powder were studied using conventional and modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC), quasi-isothermal (Qi-)MTDSC and hot stage microscopy (HSM) with simultaneous transmitted light intensity measurements. The T(g) was noted at circa 128-130 degrees C, with an accompanying baseline drift associated with a temperature dependent heat capacity change. A higher temperature combined endo/exothermic event was noted at 170-190 degrees C. TGA studies indicated that the exotherm was associated with oxidative degradation, with the accompanying DSC data being highly dependent on the sample encapsulation method used. The endotherm was found to be kinetically hindered, a...
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Powder Technology, 2015
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PEDIATRICS, 2009
The goal was to assess the acceptability and suitability of placebo minitablets for preschool-age... more The goal was to assess the acceptability and suitability of placebo minitablets for preschool-aged children. One hundred children 2 to 6 years of age were recruited from a major London hospital. How to swallow the minitablet was discussed with the child, and chewing was discouraged. The parents were asked to administer 1 minitablet (placebo, 3-mm diameter) to the child. The outcomes were recorded as (1) swallowed, (2) chewed, (3) spat out, or (4) refused to take. Of the youngest children (2 years of age), almost one half (46%) swallowed the minitablet. The proportion increased to 53% for children 3 years of age. Children > or =4 years of age were more likely to swallow the minitablet than not to swallow the minitablet, with 85% of 5-year-old children swallowing the minitablet. The ability to swallow the minitablet was not affected by gender. This study demonstrated the potential to use minitablets for the treatment of preschool-aged children and suggests that minitablets can be used as a potential new formulation for children in this age range.
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Particulate Science and Technology, 2003
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Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2007
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Powder Technology, 2015
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Powder Technology, 2015
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Powder pressing is a forming process used in a wide range of industries, such as powder metallurg... more Powder pressing is a forming process used in a wide range of industries, such as powder metallurgy, industrial ceramics, pharmaceutical tablets, food, detergents, fertilizers, batteries, magnets, and nuclear and hard metals. The process is fast, economic and lends itself to high-volume production. In spite of the broad range of powder materials and applications, powder pressing has common features in various industries. The operation consists of filling a die with powder, compressing using rigid punches, followed by ejection from the die. During this process, the loose powder bed is made compact according to a given shape and microstructure. Powder metallurgy compacts are required to have sufficient strength to withstand handling and have a dense, uniform, and defect-free microstructure. Compaction is followed by sintering to achieve near-full density and maximum strength for structural applications. The properties of a powder compact depend on the characteristics of the powder and the choice of process parameters during compaction. In order to achieve the desired compact properties the powders are mixed with other ingredients having specific functions. For example, lubricants are added to reduce the friction and wear of the tools and equipment. Steel powders may be mixed with graphite, which acts as a lubricant during compaction and alloying material can be mixed during sintering. Hard metal cutting tools are compressed by embedding the hard ceramic component into a soft metal matrix. In pharmaceutical tablets, the active ingredient is mixed with excipients such as lubricants (to control the friction between powder and tooling), glidants (to improve flow), binders (to improve strength), and disintegrants, which are polymers that swell in contact with water.
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Handbook of Powder Technology, 2007
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