Thomas Lindkvist | University of Gothenburg (original) (raw)
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Papers by Thomas Lindkvist
The Historian, Jun 1, 2013
La transformation des sociétés scandinaves au cours du haut Moyen Âge (ca 1100-1300) peut être dé... more La transformation des sociétés scandinaves au cours du haut Moyen Âge (ca 1100-1300) peut être définie à la fois par la christianisation et l’émergence des royaumes et de l’État; elle a été interprétée comme une forme d’européanisation, c’est-à-dire comme une adaptation aux modèles européens. La fonction de lagman (littéralement : « celui qui dit la loi »), une des plus importantes de la Suède médiévale, apparaît dans les lois provinciales à partir de la fin du xiiie et du début du xivesiècle. Dans les intéressantes listes ajoutées à l’unique codex préservé de la première version de la loi du Västergötland (Äldre Västgötalagen) se trouve le plus ancien exemple suédois d’écriture de l’histoire, qui est loin d’être un chef d’œuvre littéraire : il s’agit de trois listes, plutôt maigres, des rois de Suède, des évêques de Skara et des lagmän du Västergötland. La liste royale a attiré très tôt l’attention des chercheurs, notamment de Sture Bolin. L’éminent historien suédois a montré que cette liste avait tendance à favoriser les rois de la dynastie des Sverker et aussi que de brèves notations évoquaient leurs relations avec la province du Västergötland. Alors que l’histoire royale commence seulement avec le premier roi chrétien, la liste des lagmän, qui peuvent être considérés comme une élite régionale, fait remonter l’origine de ces derniers à l’époque païenne. Les récits de la loi du Västergötland sont en effet beaucoup plus détaillés en ce qui concerne les offices provinciaux, celui de l’évêque et celui du lagman. Les lagmän sont décrits comme les régisseurs de l’ordre légal et social, formulant la loi qu’ils transmettaient d’abord, suppose-t-on, oralement; puis ils la mirent par écrit et introduisirent de nouvelles règles en accord avec le droit canonique. Il arrivait parfois que l’office passât en héritage du père au fils. Dans la loi du Västergötland, «ceux qui disaient la loi» étaient à l’évidence élus par la communauté provinciale. Ceci contraste avec les règlements des codes provinciaux de l’est de la Suède, où l’influence royale sur l’élection était importante. À l’exception d’une référence à un lagman païen probablement mythique et de Torgny, le lagman idéal mentionné par Snorri Sturluson, on n’en connaît aucun en Uppland avant la fin du xiiie siècle. On doit par conséquent se demander si la fonction ne fut pas dans certaines parties de la Suède une création liée aux transformations politiques du xiiie siècle. Les lagmän connus de la fin de ce siècle comme, par exemple, Birger Persson en Uppland, paraissent avoir été les représentants d’une nouvelle élite sociale.The transformation of the Scandinavian societies during the High Middle Ages (c. 1100–1300) could be described as Christianization, the emergence of kingdoms and state and has been interpreted as a form of Europeanization, i. e. an adaptation to European models. The office of the lagman (law-speaker) was one of the most prominent offices in medieval Sweden. The lagman appears in the Swedish provincial law codes from the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. The earliest example of history-writing in medieval Sweden is the interesting lists appended to the only surviving law code of the first version of Västgötalagen (Äldre Västgötalagen). It is far from a literary masterpiece. We find three rather meagre lists of the kings of Sweden, the bishops of Skara and the lagmän of Västergötland. Most earlier research, notably that of Sture Bolin, has focused on the list of kings. This prominent Swedish historian has shown that was a tendency to favour the kings of the Sverkerian dynasty, and also that there the kings were briefly mentioned in their relations to the province of Västergötland. Concerning the lagmän, which could be understood as the regional elite, their origins are dated back to pagan origins. The history of kings starts with the first Christian one. The histories of Västgötalagen are much more detailed concerning the provincial offices of bishops and law-speakers. The law-speakers are described as the organizers of the legal and social order, those who are thought to have formulated and transmitted the law orally, then drafted the written law and introduced new regulations in accordance with canon law. Sometimes the office was passed on from father to son. In the law code of Västergötland the law-speakers were evidently elected by the regional community. This is in contrast with the regulations of the provincial law codes of eastern Sweden, where royal influence in the election was substantial. With the exception of references to a probably mythical pagan law-speaker and the ideal law-speaker Torgny mentioned by Snorri Sturluson, there are no known law-speakers in Uppland before the late thirteenth century. The question is whether the office was created in certain parts of Sweden during the political transformations of the thirteenth century. The lagmän known from the late thirteenth century, e. g. Birger Persson of Uppland,…
Amsterdam University Press eBooks, Nov 15, 2016
Routledge eBooks, May 25, 2021
The Västgöta Laws contains the translation of the oldest of the Swedish provincial law codes and ... more The Västgöta Laws contains the translation of the oldest of the Swedish provincial law codes and other texts of great relevance to the legal history. The first version, the Older Västgöta Law, is from the first half of the thirteenth century and the earliest example of an indigenous vernacular literacy with the Latin script from Sweden. A second and highly revised version of the law is preserved in a manuscript from the middle of the fourteenth century. This volume also contains a translation of the annotations and proposals made during the complicated negotiations between representatives of the church, the kingdom and the community of the province. Together, the two versions of the law and the annotations offer a unique possibility to understand the making and transformation of a medieval law. The importance of the regional leaders, the lawmen, is evident from the earliest example of history writing in Sweden, illustrating the legal and political history of Västergötland. With an introduction that places the province of Västergötland and its law into its political setting, this translation is invaluable for all students and scholars of medieval Swedish legal and political history.
Desperta Ferro: Antigua y medieval, 2010
Routledge eBooks, May 25, 2021
Historisk Tidsskrift, 2020
SwePub titelinformation: The Hälsingelag and Hälsingland as a Political Periphery.
Frågan om en europeisk identitet, vad som utgör en sådan och vari dess rötter består i, är aktuel... more Frågan om en europeisk identitet, vad som utgör en sådan och vari dess rötter består i, är aktuell. Frågan om vad Europa är och vad som utgör en europeisk enhet, sökandet av några minsta gemensamma kulturella nämnare, är naturligtvis en fråga om ett långt historiskt perspektiv. Inte minst de politiska förändringarna från och med 1990-talet, Berlinmurens fall, det sovjetiska väldets sammanbrott och en ökad politisk roll för och integration av en Europeisk Union, betyder att nationalstatsperspektivet förlorar i relativ betydelse. I stället har perspektiv som europeisering och globalisering fått ett större utrymme inom den historiska forskningen. 1 Historia som vetenskap brukar hänföras till 1800-talet, med Leopold von Ranke och hans seminarieundervisning vid Berlinuniversitetet som mönsterbildande. Historievetenskap växte fram och etablerades under nationalismens och nationalstatens höjdpunkt. Historia kom därför att handla om staternas historia; den politiska historien, händelsernas och institutionernas historia, liksom förhållandet mellan olika stater, blev det centrala, ryggraden i den historiska forskningen. De framväxande nationalstaterna blev historiens huvudaktörer och dessa stater projicerades ofta bakåt till de tidigmoderna dynastiska furstestaterna och de medeltida kungarikena. Den tidiga medeltiden, efter det västromerska rikets fall, med skapandet av 1
Brepols Publishers eBooks, 2011
Routledge eBooks, May 25, 2021
Routledge eBooks, May 25, 2021
Routledge eBooks, Oct 20, 2022
The Historian, Jun 1, 2013
La transformation des sociétés scandinaves au cours du haut Moyen Âge (ca 1100-1300) peut être dé... more La transformation des sociétés scandinaves au cours du haut Moyen Âge (ca 1100-1300) peut être définie à la fois par la christianisation et l’émergence des royaumes et de l’État; elle a été interprétée comme une forme d’européanisation, c’est-à-dire comme une adaptation aux modèles européens. La fonction de lagman (littéralement : « celui qui dit la loi »), une des plus importantes de la Suède médiévale, apparaît dans les lois provinciales à partir de la fin du xiiie et du début du xivesiècle. Dans les intéressantes listes ajoutées à l’unique codex préservé de la première version de la loi du Västergötland (Äldre Västgötalagen) se trouve le plus ancien exemple suédois d’écriture de l’histoire, qui est loin d’être un chef d’œuvre littéraire : il s’agit de trois listes, plutôt maigres, des rois de Suède, des évêques de Skara et des lagmän du Västergötland. La liste royale a attiré très tôt l’attention des chercheurs, notamment de Sture Bolin. L’éminent historien suédois a montré que cette liste avait tendance à favoriser les rois de la dynastie des Sverker et aussi que de brèves notations évoquaient leurs relations avec la province du Västergötland. Alors que l’histoire royale commence seulement avec le premier roi chrétien, la liste des lagmän, qui peuvent être considérés comme une élite régionale, fait remonter l’origine de ces derniers à l’époque païenne. Les récits de la loi du Västergötland sont en effet beaucoup plus détaillés en ce qui concerne les offices provinciaux, celui de l’évêque et celui du lagman. Les lagmän sont décrits comme les régisseurs de l’ordre légal et social, formulant la loi qu’ils transmettaient d’abord, suppose-t-on, oralement; puis ils la mirent par écrit et introduisirent de nouvelles règles en accord avec le droit canonique. Il arrivait parfois que l’office passât en héritage du père au fils. Dans la loi du Västergötland, «ceux qui disaient la loi» étaient à l’évidence élus par la communauté provinciale. Ceci contraste avec les règlements des codes provinciaux de l’est de la Suède, où l’influence royale sur l’élection était importante. À l’exception d’une référence à un lagman païen probablement mythique et de Torgny, le lagman idéal mentionné par Snorri Sturluson, on n’en connaît aucun en Uppland avant la fin du xiiie siècle. On doit par conséquent se demander si la fonction ne fut pas dans certaines parties de la Suède une création liée aux transformations politiques du xiiie siècle. Les lagmän connus de la fin de ce siècle comme, par exemple, Birger Persson en Uppland, paraissent avoir été les représentants d’une nouvelle élite sociale.The transformation of the Scandinavian societies during the High Middle Ages (c. 1100–1300) could be described as Christianization, the emergence of kingdoms and state and has been interpreted as a form of Europeanization, i. e. an adaptation to European models. The office of the lagman (law-speaker) was one of the most prominent offices in medieval Sweden. The lagman appears in the Swedish provincial law codes from the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. The earliest example of history-writing in medieval Sweden is the interesting lists appended to the only surviving law code of the first version of Västgötalagen (Äldre Västgötalagen). It is far from a literary masterpiece. We find three rather meagre lists of the kings of Sweden, the bishops of Skara and the lagmän of Västergötland. Most earlier research, notably that of Sture Bolin, has focused on the list of kings. This prominent Swedish historian has shown that was a tendency to favour the kings of the Sverkerian dynasty, and also that there the kings were briefly mentioned in their relations to the province of Västergötland. Concerning the lagmän, which could be understood as the regional elite, their origins are dated back to pagan origins. The history of kings starts with the first Christian one. The histories of Västgötalagen are much more detailed concerning the provincial offices of bishops and law-speakers. The law-speakers are described as the organizers of the legal and social order, those who are thought to have formulated and transmitted the law orally, then drafted the written law and introduced new regulations in accordance with canon law. Sometimes the office was passed on from father to son. In the law code of Västergötland the law-speakers were evidently elected by the regional community. This is in contrast with the regulations of the provincial law codes of eastern Sweden, where royal influence in the election was substantial. With the exception of references to a probably mythical pagan law-speaker and the ideal law-speaker Torgny mentioned by Snorri Sturluson, there are no known law-speakers in Uppland before the late thirteenth century. The question is whether the office was created in certain parts of Sweden during the political transformations of the thirteenth century. The lagmän known from the late thirteenth century, e. g. Birger Persson of Uppland,…
Amsterdam University Press eBooks, Nov 15, 2016
Routledge eBooks, May 25, 2021
The Västgöta Laws contains the translation of the oldest of the Swedish provincial law codes and ... more The Västgöta Laws contains the translation of the oldest of the Swedish provincial law codes and other texts of great relevance to the legal history. The first version, the Older Västgöta Law, is from the first half of the thirteenth century and the earliest example of an indigenous vernacular literacy with the Latin script from Sweden. A second and highly revised version of the law is preserved in a manuscript from the middle of the fourteenth century. This volume also contains a translation of the annotations and proposals made during the complicated negotiations between representatives of the church, the kingdom and the community of the province. Together, the two versions of the law and the annotations offer a unique possibility to understand the making and transformation of a medieval law. The importance of the regional leaders, the lawmen, is evident from the earliest example of history writing in Sweden, illustrating the legal and political history of Västergötland. With an introduction that places the province of Västergötland and its law into its political setting, this translation is invaluable for all students and scholars of medieval Swedish legal and political history.
Desperta Ferro: Antigua y medieval, 2010
Routledge eBooks, May 25, 2021
Historisk Tidsskrift, 2020
SwePub titelinformation: The Hälsingelag and Hälsingland as a Political Periphery.
Frågan om en europeisk identitet, vad som utgör en sådan och vari dess rötter består i, är aktuel... more Frågan om en europeisk identitet, vad som utgör en sådan och vari dess rötter består i, är aktuell. Frågan om vad Europa är och vad som utgör en europeisk enhet, sökandet av några minsta gemensamma kulturella nämnare, är naturligtvis en fråga om ett långt historiskt perspektiv. Inte minst de politiska förändringarna från och med 1990-talet, Berlinmurens fall, det sovjetiska väldets sammanbrott och en ökad politisk roll för och integration av en Europeisk Union, betyder att nationalstatsperspektivet förlorar i relativ betydelse. I stället har perspektiv som europeisering och globalisering fått ett större utrymme inom den historiska forskningen. 1 Historia som vetenskap brukar hänföras till 1800-talet, med Leopold von Ranke och hans seminarieundervisning vid Berlinuniversitetet som mönsterbildande. Historievetenskap växte fram och etablerades under nationalismens och nationalstatens höjdpunkt. Historia kom därför att handla om staternas historia; den politiska historien, händelsernas och institutionernas historia, liksom förhållandet mellan olika stater, blev det centrala, ryggraden i den historiska forskningen. De framväxande nationalstaterna blev historiens huvudaktörer och dessa stater projicerades ofta bakåt till de tidigmoderna dynastiska furstestaterna och de medeltida kungarikena. Den tidiga medeltiden, efter det västromerska rikets fall, med skapandet av 1
Brepols Publishers eBooks, 2011
Routledge eBooks, May 25, 2021
Routledge eBooks, May 25, 2021
Routledge eBooks, Oct 20, 2022
Cambridge University Press. Can be ordered directly at: http://www.cambridge.org/academic/subjects/archaeology/archaeology-europe-and-near-and-middle-east/trade-and-civilisation-economic-networks-and-cultural-ties-prehistory-early-modern-era?format=HB#p6VJ94A3qBKIJ0vA.97 , 2018
This book provides the fi rst global analysis of the relationship between trade and civilisation ... more This book provides the fi rst global analysis of the relationship between trade and civilisation from the beginning of civilisation around 3000 BC until the modern era around AD 1600. Encompassing the various networks
including the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean trade, Near Eastern family traders of the Bronze Age, and the Medieval Hanseatic League, it examines the role of the individual merchant, the products of trade, the role of the state, and the technical conditions for land and sea transport that created diverging systems of trade and developed global trade networks. Trade networks, however, were not durable. The contributors discuss the establishment and decline of great trading network systems, and how they related
to the expansion of civilisation, and to diff erent forms of social and economic exploitation. Case studies focus on local conditions as well as global networks until the sixteenth century when the whole globe was connected
by trade.
Prior to the high Middle Ages, the Baltic Rim was largely terra incognita-but by the late Middle ... more Prior to the high Middle Ages, the Baltic Rim was largely terra incognita-but by the late Middle Ages, it was home to diverse small and large communities. But the Baltic Rim was not simply the place those people lived-it was also an imagined space through which they defined themselves and their identities. This book traces the transformation of the Baltic Rim in this period through a focus on the self-image of a number of communities: urban and regional, cultic, missionary, legal, and political. Contributors look at the ways these communities defined themselves in relationship to other groups, how they constructed their identities and customs, and what held them together or tore them apart.
THE BOOK IS OPEN ACCESS, AVAILABLE through JSTOR services.
Scandinavian Studies, 2022
The notion of sovereignty remains one of the most scholarly and historically contested concepts. ... more The notion of sovereignty remains one of the most scholarly and historically contested concepts. In this article we argue that historians’ absorption of sovereignty’s spatiality needs to be complemented by an investigation of its temporality. By tracing the late medieval and early modern connections between political theology and economic teleology—between the permanence of political incorporation and perpetuation of the administrative apparatus —this article outlines a new research agenda and a novel vantage point for investigating state formation in Sweden. The article scrutinizes the following four areas: (1) The ideas of incorporation and representation of the realm and the Swedish people in late medieval historiography; (2) the transformation of political loyalty from personal oaths of and to the monarchs to popular, national loyalty; (3) the transformation of tax-collection from occasional to perpetual; and (4) the transition from personal debts of monarchs to state debt.