Daphna Canetti - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Articles by Daphna Canetti

Using data collected by the National Security Studies Center at the University of Haifa, the auth... more Using data collected by the National Security Studies Center at the University of Haifa, the authors provide social profiles of Palestinian suicide bombers and their largely Israeli victims. In addition, drawing on a series of public opinion polls, the writers describe the reactions of Israeli citizens to the wave of suicide bombings the country has experienced since the beginning of the Al Aqsa intifada in the second half of 2000.

Papers by Daphna Canetti

Contextual Factors in War and Reconciliation Processes

PsycEXTRA Dataset

Crimes against Humanity

The Encyclopedia of Political Thought, Sep 15, 2014

Crimes against humanity (CAH) are offensive acts against human dignity committed as part of wides... more Crimes against humanity (CAH) are offensive acts against human dignity committed as part of widespread or systemic attack against civilian populations. They can be a series of events or a one-time event, planned and committed by state or nonstate organized groups, banned by one policy or ideology. Keywords: crimes against humanity; genocide; human rights; international law; just war

PS Political Science & Politics, Oct 1, 2017

Harmed by Our Protection: Exposure to Political Violence and Political Preferences in the Range of Fire

Peace psychology book series, 2016

The reality of modern warfare means that civilians are increasingly exposed to prolonged conflict... more The reality of modern warfare means that civilians are increasingly exposed to prolonged conflict violence. This exposure can lead to a host of psychological and political outcomes. Using the protracted Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a natural laboratory, I demonstrate a stress-based process of political extremism whereby exposure to conflict violence leads to changes in civilians’ political attitudes and behavior. I find that through a mediating process that involves psychological distress and perceptions of threat, prolonged exposure to political violence increases harmful defensive mechanisms—that foment political attitudes eschewing compromise and favoring aggressive foreign policies. Additionally, in situations of prolonged conflict, exposed individuals develop various coping mechanisms to reduce stress and threat, including a strong adherence to conflict ideologies like the “ethos of conflict.” This helps explain too why societies so often descend into cycles of violence in spite of their overwhelming costs and losses. Understanding the way in which distress and threat motivate adherence to ethos and the resultant militant attitudes toward the conflict out-group can help shed light on the barriers that too often stymie peacemaking efforts and contribute to the deterioration of intractable conflicts around the globe.

Suffer the Children

Foreign Affairs, 2014

Conflict Perception Scale

PsycTESTS Dataset, 2018

Behaviour & Information Technology, 2019

Joint narratives are often used in the context of reconciliation interventions for people in soci... more Joint narratives are often used in the context of reconciliation interventions for people in social conflict situations, which arise, for example, due to ethnic or religious differences. The interventions aim to encourage a change in attitudes of the participants towards each other. Typically, a human mediator is fundamental for achieving a successful intervention. In this work, we present an automated approach to support remote interactions between pairs of participants as they contribute to a shared story in their own language. A key component is an automated cognitive tutor that guides the participants through a controlled escalation/de-escalation process during the development of a joint narrative. We performed a controlled study comparing a trained human mediator to the automated mediator. The results demonstrate that an automated mediator, although simple at this stage, effectively supports interactions and helps to achieve positive outcomes comparable to those attained by the trained human mediator.

The impact of information sources on earthquake preparedness

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2017

Abstract Various initiatives at the federal and community levels have sought through varied media... more Abstract Various initiatives at the federal and community levels have sought through varied media communications channels to provide information aimed at preparing populations for earthquakes. Yet, evidence shows that most are not very successful. We will explore several avenues of potential explanations for compliance with official public directives while also examining the impact of alternative sources of informal social sources of information on behaviors toward making household's earthquake resilient. To do so we analyze data focusing on actual earthquake preparation actions derived from responses to a national Israeli representative sample (n=947). The survey included populations residing in high-risk vs low-risk seismic areas, distinguished between actual and perceived preparedness as well as the impact of previous experience with earthquakes. This process is reflected in a working model that differentiates possible prime explanatory variables that along with trusting the sources, affect either or both levels of perceived or actual preparedness for earthquakes. The results highlighted that both formal and informal sources have an impact on raising the levels of both actual and perceived preparedness. What differentiates its impact is primarily having experienced an earthquake – however minor – and active searching formal sources that led to greater actual preparedness. Residence in high seismic risk areas had a positive impact on levels of perceived preparedness. Trusting the source played a role in translating past experience into being prepared across different religious groups in Israel, namely Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs.

PLOS ONE, Apr 24, 2015

Objectives Meta-analytic evidence based on cross-sectional investigations between posttraumatic g... more Objectives Meta-analytic evidence based on cross-sectional investigations between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) demonstrates that the two concepts are positively related and that ethnic minorities report greater PTG. Few longitudinal studies have quantified this relationship so the evidence is limited regarding the potential benefit PTG may have on post-traumatic adjustment and whether differences between ethnic groups exist.

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Dec 15, 2010

FESSIONALS BECAUSE OF THEIR POTENTIALLY adverse effects on learning, behavior, and sometimes phys... more FESSIONALS BECAUSE OF THEIR POTENTIALLY adverse effects on learning, behavior, and sometimes physical development. 1 In Western countries, estimates of the prevalence of sleep problems range from 10% to 45% for children through school age, 1-5 whereas for adolescents reported rates range from 11% to 30%. 6-8 The large discrepancies in the estimated rates in these studies may be due to the different questions and definitions used to ascertain sleep problems, and different populations surveyed. In most studies rates are not different in boys and girls, 8-10 however, a few studies report more problems in girls, 11-13 or more problems in boys. 14 Sleep problems in children often persist over several years. 8,15,16 Sleep problems in children are associated with a large number of factors including child maturation, neurophysiological status, and psychiatric and physical diseases, as well as cultural, social, and family factors. 1,4,17 Pollock 18 reported that disturbed sleep in children was significantly associated with maternal age at birth, Western Indian and African origin, method of delivery, writing problems, and previous attendance at child guidance services. Rona et al. 17 investigated a total of 14,372 English and Scottish children and concluded that sociocultural factors associated with ethnicity and respiratory illness are important risk factors for sleeping disorders in childhood. Children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have sleep problems more frequently than normal controls. 19-21 A recent review 22 of the research that examined sleep disturbances in children with ADHD indicated that the majority of studies suffer from small sample sizes, inconsistent diagnostic criteria and procedures, inadequate control procedures, and unclear medication status. It was also found that results differed depend-Study Objectives: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of sleep problems in Chinese schoolchildren. Design and Setting: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was undertaken in Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. Participants: A total of 2004 elementary school children (998 boys and 1006 girls) participated in the survey. Measurements and Interventions: The parents completed a questionnaire that asked about sleep problems, and characteristics of the family and child. Teachers completed a questionnaire that included the Modified Conners Hyperkinesis Index (MCHI), whether the child slept in class, and school achievement. Results: Parent-reported sleep problems that occurred "sometimes" or "often" were sleep walking/talking, 14.2%; too little sleep, 14.0%; too much sleep, 12.5%; nightmares, 12.0%; trouble sleeping, 6.1%; and nocturnal enuresis, 4.5%. Teachers reported that 9.4% of children slept in class "sometimes" or "often". Approximately 11% of children were reported to have any sleep problem "often". Children with sleep problems were more frequently reported to be hyperactive, and to have poorer child-parent relations, poorer peer relations, and poorer social competency and school achievement. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that sleep problems were significantly correlated with following factors: poor parental relations, crowded homes, bedwetting cessation after age 4, chronic physical diseases, reported hyperactivity and poor peer relations. Conclusions: Parent-reported sleep problems in Chinese children were less prevalent than those reported in Western countries, and associated with multiple family, prenatal, and child developmental factors. Children with sleep problems were reported to be more hyperactive, and to have social and academic problems more frequently.

The impact of political violence on posttraumatic stress symptomology: a longitudinal analysis

Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 2021

ABSTRACT Objective The current paper uses the Conservation of Resources Theory to frame an examin... more ABSTRACT Objective The current paper uses the Conservation of Resources Theory to frame an examination of the impact of exposure to political violence on posttraumatic stress symptomology among three groups within Israeli society: (1) Native Born Jews; (2) Foreign Born Jews; and (3) Palestinian Citizens of Israel. Methods The study population was a large nationally representative sample of 1613 respondents collected during The Second Intifada. The sample consists of approximately 40% Jews born in Israel (n = 652), 30% (n = 484) were Jews who immigrated to Israel, and close to 30% (n = 477) were Palestinian Citizens of Israel. Mediation analyses explored the role of resource loss in the relationship between social status and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Results Compared to native born Jews, foreign born Jews and Palestinian Citizens of Israel reported greater PTSD symptom severity at wave III. These relationships were not mediated by psychosocial resource loss or economic resource loss. Conclusions We discuss the importance of tailored interventions with minority groups in the context of ongoing political violence.

Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2019

External collective political efficacy (PE) is an individual's perception of the extent to which ... more External collective political efficacy (PE) is an individual's perception of the extent to which the government is responsive to the needs of his or her group or community or to its collective actions. Does PE play a role in the association between exposure to political violence and posttraumatic stress? The current study aimed to examine whether such PE may help explain why exposure to political violence results in posttraumatic stress for some people but not others. Based on the conservation of resource theory, research has found that residents of some types of communities are less likely to suffer from posttraumatic stress when exposed to political violence, due to the economic and psychological resources these communities provide. Political efficacy, as an individual-level factor that relates to the community, may help predict who will suffer more or less posttraumatic stress from exposure to political violence within a given community. Based on a panel study conducted immediately before and after the 2008-2009 Gaza conflict (N = 650) and hierarchical linear modeling analyses, we found that type of community indeed moderated the association between exposure to political violence and posttraumatic stress,-2 log likelihood = 30.4, p < .001. In addition, we found that PE mitigated the psychological distress resulting from exposure to political conflict in disadvantaged communities,-2 log likelihood = 22.8, p < .001. This study not only further untangled the association between exposure and distress during times of war but also identified the role that governments can play in preventing conflict-induced distress beyond offering physical protection. The question of why exposure to political violence results in posttraumatic stress (PTS) for some people but not for others has attracted the attention of social scientists over the last few years (e.g.

The Political Psychology of Cyberterrorism

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Feb 28, 2022

To shoot or not to shoot: experiments on moral injury in the context of West Bank checkpoints and COVID-19 restrictions enforcement

European Journal of Psychotraumatology, Jan 24, 2022

ABSTRACT Background Does exposure to events that transgress accepted norms, such as killing innoc... more ABSTRACT Background Does exposure to events that transgress accepted norms, such as killing innocent civilians, prompt the psychological and emotional consequences of moral injury among soldiers? Moral injury is associated with negative emotions such as guilt, shame and anger, and a sense of betrayal and is identified among veterans following exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIE). Objective We experimentally investigate how PMIE characteristics affect the intensity of MI and related negative moral emotions in participants with varied military experience. Method We conducted three controlled, randomized experiments. Each exposed male respondents with active combat experience (Study 1) and varied military experience (Study 2) to four textual vignettes describing PMIE (child/adult and innocent/non-innocent suspect) that transpire at an Israeli checkpoint in the West Bank. In study 3, we exposed participants to two scenarios, where descriptions of police officers enforcing COVID 19 restrictions confronted lockdown violators. Results Participants assigned to vignettes describing killing an innocent civilian exhibited more intense levels of shame and guilt than those assigned to vignettes describing killing a person carrying a bomb. Religiosity and political ideology were strong predictors of guilt and shame in response to descriptions of checkpoint shootings. These effects disappeared in Study 3, suggesting that political ideology drives MI in intergroup conflict. Conclusions Background and PMIE-related characteristics affect the development of moral injury. Additionally, lab experiments demonstrate the potential and limitations of controlled studies of moral injury and facilitate an understanding of the aetiology of moral injury in a way unavailable to clinicians. Finally, experimental findings and methodologies offer further insights into the genesis of moral injury and avenues for therapy and prophylaxis.

Political Studies Review, Sep 26, 2019

To what extent can you engage in political activity in the modern age without Internet access? Th... more To what extent can you engage in political activity in the modern age without Internet access? The growing dependence on Internet access to fulfill basic civil functions is threatened by increasing personal and societal cyber vulnerability. In this article, we explore the extent to which citizens are able, or unable, to engage in specific political activities in the absence of Internet connectivity. To concretize the subject, we test how Internet deprivation affects the ability to realize three basic elements of political participation: political expression, civic association, and access to information. To measure this, we develop a new experimental methodology that tests people's ability to complete tasks related to each function under simulated treatments of Internet access or deprivation. This empirical methodology offers a new framework through which to quantify the realization of social tasks under experimental conditions. Early results suggest that the absence of Internet access significantly reduces task completion for activities related to political expression and political association and conditionally reduces task completion for practices associated with freedom of information. Having substantiated this empirical framework, we encourage its application to additional forms of political activity.

A fragile public preference for cyber strikes: Evidence from survey experiments in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel

Contemporary Security Policy, Jan 6, 2021

ABSTRACT To what extent does the public support the use of cyber weapons? We propose that public ... more ABSTRACT To what extent does the public support the use of cyber weapons? We propose that public exposure to the destructive potential of cyber-attacks will dispel the clear cross-national preference for cyber strikes. To test this, we conducted two survey experiments (n = 2,585) that examine support for cyber versus conventional military strikes in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel. In study 1, we exposed respondents to television news reports depicting various forms of terror attacks, and then measured the subsequent support for retaliatory options. Findings indicate that the high public support for deploying cyber weapons dissipated entirely among respondents exposed to lethal cyber-attacks. In study 2, we probed this vanishing support, finding that exposure to destructive cyber-attacks undercuts the perception of cyber as a less lethal domain, therefore diminishing its appeal. We conclude by discussing how the fragile public preference for cyber weapons encourages military escalation in the short-term.

Israel Law Review, Feb 18, 2019

We are faced with a new reality where our reliance on internet access to fulfil basic civil tasks... more We are faced with a new reality where our reliance on internet access to fulfil basic civil tasks is threatened by increasing personal and societal cyber vulnerability. This dichotomy of dependence and vulnerability requires a new framework for understanding the legal and human rights status of this evolving technological reality. A number of theories have sought to explain how internet access could attain the status of a human right. These include reliance on the freedom of expression protection offered by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. More recent approaches have suggested that international customary law could apply, or that internet access could attain the status of an auxiliary human right. Despite repeated demands by international institutions to address modern cyber challenges through a human rights lens, this assortment of legal approaches has failed to garner a consensus view in the international community. The article reviews the merits of each of these arguments, and grounds the debate in the lens of this reality of dependence and vulnerability. Of the four options surveyed, we find that auxiliary righthood is the most promising approach, but that additional research is required to substantiate the claims.

Virtual Reality-Based Joy Induction: The Role of Interactivity and Prior Mood

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, Apr 5, 2023

Journal of Global Security Studies

To what extent can cyberattacks wreak havoc and terrorize modern society? Until now, this questio... more To what extent can cyberattacks wreak havoc and terrorize modern society? Until now, this question has revolved around the potential of cyber operations to cause physical destruction or other material harm. In this paper, we propose a broader interpretation. We submit that assessing cyber-threats through the prism of physical destruction has obscured the human dimension of the threat. Instead, we propose calculating the gravity of cyberattacks by measuring psychological distress. This approach recognizes that even seemingly inconsequential cyberattacks can levy tremendous damage by traumatizing civilians, undermining societal cohesion, and exacerbating cycles of violence. To test whether cyberattacks cause significant individual harm, we employ an internal meta-analysis looking at eighteen studies conducted in three countries over 6 years. Across these studies, we exposed 6,020 respondents to simulated cyberattacks and conventional attacks. We conclude that cyberattacks can cause hi...