Daphna Canetti | University of Haifa (original) (raw)

Articles by Daphna Canetti

Research paper thumbnail of The Social and Religious Characteristics of Suicide Bombers and Their Victims

Using data collected by the National Security Studies Center at the University of Haifa, the auth... more Using data collected by the National Security Studies Center at the University of Haifa, the authors provide social profiles of Palestinian suicide bombers and their largely Israeli victims. In addition, drawing on a series of public opinion polls, the writers describe the reactions of Israeli citizens to the wave of suicide bombings the country has experienced since the beginning of the Al Aqsa intifada in the second half of 2000.

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Papers by Daphna Canetti

Research paper thumbnail of Contextual Factors in War and Reconciliation Processes

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Research paper thumbnail of Crimes against Humanity

The Encyclopedia of Political Thought, Sep 15, 2014

Crimes against humanity (CAH) are offensive acts against human dignity committed as part of wides... more Crimes against humanity (CAH) are offensive acts against human dignity committed as part of widespread or systemic attack against civilian populations. They can be a series of events or a one-time event, planned and committed by state or nonstate organized groups, banned by one policy or ideology. Keywords: crimes against humanity; genocide; human rights; international law; just war

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Research paper thumbnail of Emotional Distress, Conflict Ideology, and Radicalization

PS Political Science & Politics, Oct 1, 2017

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Research paper thumbnail of Harmed by Our Protection: Exposure to Political Violence and Political Preferences in the Range of Fire

Peace psychology book series, 2016

The reality of modern warfare means that civilians are increasingly exposed to prolonged conflict... more The reality of modern warfare means that civilians are increasingly exposed to prolonged conflict violence. This exposure can lead to a host of psychological and political outcomes. Using the protracted Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a natural laboratory, I demonstrate a stress-based process of political extremism whereby exposure to conflict violence leads to changes in civilians’ political attitudes and behavior. I find that through a mediating process that involves psychological distress and perceptions of threat, prolonged exposure to political violence increases harmful defensive mechanisms—that foment political attitudes eschewing compromise and favoring aggressive foreign policies. Additionally, in situations of prolonged conflict, exposed individuals develop various coping mechanisms to reduce stress and threat, including a strong adherence to conflict ideologies like the “ethos of conflict.” This helps explain too why societies so often descend into cycles of violence in spite of their overwhelming costs and losses. Understanding the way in which distress and threat motivate adherence to ethos and the resultant militant attitudes toward the conflict out-group can help shed light on the barriers that too often stymie peacemaking efforts and contribute to the deterioration of intractable conflicts around the globe.

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Research paper thumbnail of Suffer the Children

Foreign Affairs, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Conflict Perception Scale

PsycTESTS Dataset, 2018

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating an automated mediator for joint narratives in a conflict situation

Behaviour & Information Technology, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of The impact of information sources on earthquake preparedness

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2017

Abstract Various initiatives at the federal and community levels have sought through varied media... more Abstract Various initiatives at the federal and community levels have sought through varied media communications channels to provide information aimed at preparing populations for earthquakes. Yet, evidence shows that most are not very successful. We will explore several avenues of potential explanations for compliance with official public directives while also examining the impact of alternative sources of informal social sources of information on behaviors toward making household's earthquake resilient. To do so we analyze data focusing on actual earthquake preparation actions derived from responses to a national Israeli representative sample (n=947). The survey included populations residing in high-risk vs low-risk seismic areas, distinguished between actual and perceived preparedness as well as the impact of previous experience with earthquakes. This process is reflected in a working model that differentiates possible prime explanatory variables that along with trusting the sources, affect either or both levels of perceived or actual preparedness for earthquakes. The results highlighted that both formal and informal sources have an impact on raising the levels of both actual and perceived preparedness. What differentiates its impact is primarily having experienced an earthquake – however minor – and active searching formal sources that led to greater actual preparedness. Residence in high seismic risk areas had a positive impact on levels of perceived preparedness. Trusting the source played a role in translating past experience into being prepared across different religious groups in Israel, namely Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs.

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Research paper thumbnail of A Longitudinal Investigation of the Relationship between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth in a Cohort of Israeli Jews and Palestinians during Ongoing Violence

PLOS ONE, Apr 24, 2015

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Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and Correlates of Sleep Problems in Adult Israeli Jews Exposed to Actual or Threatened Terrorist or Rocket Attacks

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Dec 15, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of The impact of political violence on posttraumatic stress symptomology: a longitudinal analysis

Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 2021

ABSTRACT Objective The current paper uses the Conservation of Resources Theory to frame an examin... more ABSTRACT Objective The current paper uses the Conservation of Resources Theory to frame an examination of the impact of exposure to political violence on posttraumatic stress symptomology among three groups within Israeli society: (1) Native Born Jews; (2) Foreign Born Jews; and (3) Palestinian Citizens of Israel. Methods The study population was a large nationally representative sample of 1613 respondents collected during The Second Intifada. The sample consists of approximately 40% Jews born in Israel (n = 652), 30% (n = 484) were Jews who immigrated to Israel, and close to 30% (n = 477) were Palestinian Citizens of Israel. Mediation analyses explored the role of resource loss in the relationship between social status and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Results Compared to native born Jews, foreign born Jews and Palestinian Citizens of Israel reported greater PTSD symptom severity at wave III. These relationships were not mediated by psychosocial resource loss or economic resource loss. Conclusions We discuss the importance of tailored interventions with minority groups in the context of ongoing political violence.

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Research paper thumbnail of Political Efficacy as a Buffer of the Heightened Risk of Posttraumatic Stress in Disadvantaged Communities

Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of The Political Psychology of Cyberterrorism

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Feb 28, 2022

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Research paper thumbnail of To shoot or not to shoot: experiments on moral injury in the context of West Bank checkpoints and COVID-19 restrictions enforcement

European Journal of Psychotraumatology, Jan 24, 2022

ABSTRACT Background Does exposure to events that transgress accepted norms, such as killing innoc... more ABSTRACT Background Does exposure to events that transgress accepted norms, such as killing innocent civilians, prompt the psychological and emotional consequences of moral injury among soldiers? Moral injury is associated with negative emotions such as guilt, shame and anger, and a sense of betrayal and is identified among veterans following exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIE). Objective We experimentally investigate how PMIE characteristics affect the intensity of MI and related negative moral emotions in participants with varied military experience. Method We conducted three controlled, randomized experiments. Each exposed male respondents with active combat experience (Study 1) and varied military experience (Study 2) to four textual vignettes describing PMIE (child/adult and innocent/non-innocent suspect) that transpire at an Israeli checkpoint in the West Bank. In study 3, we exposed participants to two scenarios, where descriptions of police officers enforcing COVID 19 restrictions confronted lockdown violators. Results Participants assigned to vignettes describing killing an innocent civilian exhibited more intense levels of shame and guilt than those assigned to vignettes describing killing a person carrying a bomb. Religiosity and political ideology were strong predictors of guilt and shame in response to descriptions of checkpoint shootings. These effects disappeared in Study 3, suggesting that political ideology drives MI in intergroup conflict. Conclusions Background and PMIE-related characteristics affect the development of moral injury. Additionally, lab experiments demonstrate the potential and limitations of controlled studies of moral injury and facilitate an understanding of the aetiology of moral injury in a way unavailable to clinicians. Finally, experimental findings and methodologies offer further insights into the genesis of moral injury and avenues for therapy and prophylaxis.

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Research paper thumbnail of Can You Engage in Political Activity Without Internet Access? The Social Effects of Internet Deprivation

Political Studies Review, Sep 26, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of A fragile public preference for cyber strikes: Evidence from survey experiments in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel

Contemporary Security Policy, Jan 6, 2021

ABSTRACT To what extent does the public support the use of cyber weapons? We propose that public ... more ABSTRACT To what extent does the public support the use of cyber weapons? We propose that public exposure to the destructive potential of cyber-attacks will dispel the clear cross-national preference for cyber strikes. To test this, we conducted two survey experiments (n = 2,585) that examine support for cyber versus conventional military strikes in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel. In study 1, we exposed respondents to television news reports depicting various forms of terror attacks, and then measured the subsequent support for retaliatory options. Findings indicate that the high public support for deploying cyber weapons dissipated entirely among respondents exposed to lethal cyber-attacks. In study 2, we probed this vanishing support, finding that exposure to destructive cyber-attacks undercuts the perception of cyber as a less lethal domain, therefore diminishing its appeal. We conclude by discussing how the fragile public preference for cyber weapons encourages military escalation in the short-term.

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Research paper thumbnail of A Reality of Vulnerability and Dependence: Internet Access as a Human Right

Israel Law Review, Feb 18, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of Virtual Reality-Based Joy Induction: The Role of Interactivity and Prior Mood

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, Apr 5, 2023

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Research paper thumbnail of Cyberattacks, Psychological Distress, and Military Escalation: An Internal Meta-Analysis

Journal of Global Security Studies

To what extent can cyberattacks wreak havoc and terrorize modern society? Until now, this questio... more To what extent can cyberattacks wreak havoc and terrorize modern society? Until now, this question has revolved around the potential of cyber operations to cause physical destruction or other material harm. In this paper, we propose a broader interpretation. We submit that assessing cyber-threats through the prism of physical destruction has obscured the human dimension of the threat. Instead, we propose calculating the gravity of cyberattacks by measuring psychological distress. This approach recognizes that even seemingly inconsequential cyberattacks can levy tremendous damage by traumatizing civilians, undermining societal cohesion, and exacerbating cycles of violence. To test whether cyberattacks cause significant individual harm, we employ an internal meta-analysis looking at eighteen studies conducted in three countries over 6 years. Across these studies, we exposed 6,020 respondents to simulated cyberattacks and conventional attacks. We conclude that cyberattacks can cause hi...

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Research paper thumbnail of The Social and Religious Characteristics of Suicide Bombers and Their Victims

Using data collected by the National Security Studies Center at the University of Haifa, the auth... more Using data collected by the National Security Studies Center at the University of Haifa, the authors provide social profiles of Palestinian suicide bombers and their largely Israeli victims. In addition, drawing on a series of public opinion polls, the writers describe the reactions of Israeli citizens to the wave of suicide bombings the country has experienced since the beginning of the Al Aqsa intifada in the second half of 2000.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Contextual Factors in War and Reconciliation Processes

PsycEXTRA Dataset

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Crimes against Humanity

The Encyclopedia of Political Thought, Sep 15, 2014

Crimes against humanity (CAH) are offensive acts against human dignity committed as part of wides... more Crimes against humanity (CAH) are offensive acts against human dignity committed as part of widespread or systemic attack against civilian populations. They can be a series of events or a one-time event, planned and committed by state or nonstate organized groups, banned by one policy or ideology. Keywords: crimes against humanity; genocide; human rights; international law; just war

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Emotional Distress, Conflict Ideology, and Radicalization

PS Political Science & Politics, Oct 1, 2017

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Harmed by Our Protection: Exposure to Political Violence and Political Preferences in the Range of Fire

Peace psychology book series, 2016

The reality of modern warfare means that civilians are increasingly exposed to prolonged conflict... more The reality of modern warfare means that civilians are increasingly exposed to prolonged conflict violence. This exposure can lead to a host of psychological and political outcomes. Using the protracted Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a natural laboratory, I demonstrate a stress-based process of political extremism whereby exposure to conflict violence leads to changes in civilians’ political attitudes and behavior. I find that through a mediating process that involves psychological distress and perceptions of threat, prolonged exposure to political violence increases harmful defensive mechanisms—that foment political attitudes eschewing compromise and favoring aggressive foreign policies. Additionally, in situations of prolonged conflict, exposed individuals develop various coping mechanisms to reduce stress and threat, including a strong adherence to conflict ideologies like the “ethos of conflict.” This helps explain too why societies so often descend into cycles of violence in spite of their overwhelming costs and losses. Understanding the way in which distress and threat motivate adherence to ethos and the resultant militant attitudes toward the conflict out-group can help shed light on the barriers that too often stymie peacemaking efforts and contribute to the deterioration of intractable conflicts around the globe.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Suffer the Children

Foreign Affairs, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Conflict Perception Scale

PsycTESTS Dataset, 2018

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating an automated mediator for joint narratives in a conflict situation

Behaviour & Information Technology, 2019

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of information sources on earthquake preparedness

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2017

Abstract Various initiatives at the federal and community levels have sought through varied media... more Abstract Various initiatives at the federal and community levels have sought through varied media communications channels to provide information aimed at preparing populations for earthquakes. Yet, evidence shows that most are not very successful. We will explore several avenues of potential explanations for compliance with official public directives while also examining the impact of alternative sources of informal social sources of information on behaviors toward making household's earthquake resilient. To do so we analyze data focusing on actual earthquake preparation actions derived from responses to a national Israeli representative sample (n=947). The survey included populations residing in high-risk vs low-risk seismic areas, distinguished between actual and perceived preparedness as well as the impact of previous experience with earthquakes. This process is reflected in a working model that differentiates possible prime explanatory variables that along with trusting the sources, affect either or both levels of perceived or actual preparedness for earthquakes. The results highlighted that both formal and informal sources have an impact on raising the levels of both actual and perceived preparedness. What differentiates its impact is primarily having experienced an earthquake – however minor – and active searching formal sources that led to greater actual preparedness. Residence in high seismic risk areas had a positive impact on levels of perceived preparedness. Trusting the source played a role in translating past experience into being prepared across different religious groups in Israel, namely Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A Longitudinal Investigation of the Relationship between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth in a Cohort of Israeli Jews and Palestinians during Ongoing Violence

PLOS ONE, Apr 24, 2015

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and Correlates of Sleep Problems in Adult Israeli Jews Exposed to Actual or Threatened Terrorist or Rocket Attacks

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Dec 15, 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of political violence on posttraumatic stress symptomology: a longitudinal analysis

Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 2021

ABSTRACT Objective The current paper uses the Conservation of Resources Theory to frame an examin... more ABSTRACT Objective The current paper uses the Conservation of Resources Theory to frame an examination of the impact of exposure to political violence on posttraumatic stress symptomology among three groups within Israeli society: (1) Native Born Jews; (2) Foreign Born Jews; and (3) Palestinian Citizens of Israel. Methods The study population was a large nationally representative sample of 1613 respondents collected during The Second Intifada. The sample consists of approximately 40% Jews born in Israel (n = 652), 30% (n = 484) were Jews who immigrated to Israel, and close to 30% (n = 477) were Palestinian Citizens of Israel. Mediation analyses explored the role of resource loss in the relationship between social status and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Results Compared to native born Jews, foreign born Jews and Palestinian Citizens of Israel reported greater PTSD symptom severity at wave III. These relationships were not mediated by psychosocial resource loss or economic resource loss. Conclusions We discuss the importance of tailored interventions with minority groups in the context of ongoing political violence.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Political Efficacy as a Buffer of the Heightened Risk of Posttraumatic Stress in Disadvantaged Communities

Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2019

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The Political Psychology of Cyberterrorism

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Feb 28, 2022

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of To shoot or not to shoot: experiments on moral injury in the context of West Bank checkpoints and COVID-19 restrictions enforcement

European Journal of Psychotraumatology, Jan 24, 2022

ABSTRACT Background Does exposure to events that transgress accepted norms, such as killing innoc... more ABSTRACT Background Does exposure to events that transgress accepted norms, such as killing innocent civilians, prompt the psychological and emotional consequences of moral injury among soldiers? Moral injury is associated with negative emotions such as guilt, shame and anger, and a sense of betrayal and is identified among veterans following exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIE). Objective We experimentally investigate how PMIE characteristics affect the intensity of MI and related negative moral emotions in participants with varied military experience. Method We conducted three controlled, randomized experiments. Each exposed male respondents with active combat experience (Study 1) and varied military experience (Study 2) to four textual vignettes describing PMIE (child/adult and innocent/non-innocent suspect) that transpire at an Israeli checkpoint in the West Bank. In study 3, we exposed participants to two scenarios, where descriptions of police officers enforcing COVID 19 restrictions confronted lockdown violators. Results Participants assigned to vignettes describing killing an innocent civilian exhibited more intense levels of shame and guilt than those assigned to vignettes describing killing a person carrying a bomb. Religiosity and political ideology were strong predictors of guilt and shame in response to descriptions of checkpoint shootings. These effects disappeared in Study 3, suggesting that political ideology drives MI in intergroup conflict. Conclusions Background and PMIE-related characteristics affect the development of moral injury. Additionally, lab experiments demonstrate the potential and limitations of controlled studies of moral injury and facilitate an understanding of the aetiology of moral injury in a way unavailable to clinicians. Finally, experimental findings and methodologies offer further insights into the genesis of moral injury and avenues for therapy and prophylaxis.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Can You Engage in Political Activity Without Internet Access? The Social Effects of Internet Deprivation

Political Studies Review, Sep 26, 2019

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A fragile public preference for cyber strikes: Evidence from survey experiments in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel

Contemporary Security Policy, Jan 6, 2021

ABSTRACT To what extent does the public support the use of cyber weapons? We propose that public ... more ABSTRACT To what extent does the public support the use of cyber weapons? We propose that public exposure to the destructive potential of cyber-attacks will dispel the clear cross-national preference for cyber strikes. To test this, we conducted two survey experiments (n = 2,585) that examine support for cyber versus conventional military strikes in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel. In study 1, we exposed respondents to television news reports depicting various forms of terror attacks, and then measured the subsequent support for retaliatory options. Findings indicate that the high public support for deploying cyber weapons dissipated entirely among respondents exposed to lethal cyber-attacks. In study 2, we probed this vanishing support, finding that exposure to destructive cyber-attacks undercuts the perception of cyber as a less lethal domain, therefore diminishing its appeal. We conclude by discussing how the fragile public preference for cyber weapons encourages military escalation in the short-term.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A Reality of Vulnerability and Dependence: Internet Access as a Human Right

Israel Law Review, Feb 18, 2019

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Virtual Reality-Based Joy Induction: The Role of Interactivity and Prior Mood

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, Apr 5, 2023

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Cyberattacks, Psychological Distress, and Military Escalation: An Internal Meta-Analysis

Journal of Global Security Studies

To what extent can cyberattacks wreak havoc and terrorize modern society? Until now, this questio... more To what extent can cyberattacks wreak havoc and terrorize modern society? Until now, this question has revolved around the potential of cyber operations to cause physical destruction or other material harm. In this paper, we propose a broader interpretation. We submit that assessing cyber-threats through the prism of physical destruction has obscured the human dimension of the threat. Instead, we propose calculating the gravity of cyberattacks by measuring psychological distress. This approach recognizes that even seemingly inconsequential cyberattacks can levy tremendous damage by traumatizing civilians, undermining societal cohesion, and exacerbating cycles of violence. To test whether cyberattacks cause significant individual harm, we employ an internal meta-analysis looking at eighteen studies conducted in three countries over 6 years. Across these studies, we exposed 6,020 respondents to simulated cyberattacks and conventional attacks. We conclude that cyberattacks can cause hi...

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Research paper thumbnail of Terror in the Unknown Space: Effects of Cyber Terrorism on Cortisol, Emotion, and Political Attitudes

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