Masahiko Haraguchi | Harvard University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Masahiko Haraguchi
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2018
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2015
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2020
Infrastructures
Critical infrastructures such as transportation, power, telecommunication, water supply, and hosp... more Critical infrastructures such as transportation, power, telecommunication, water supply, and hospitals play a vital role in effectively managing post-disaster responses. The resilience of critical infrastructures should be incorporated in the planning and designing phase based on the risk assessment in a particular geographic area. However, the framework to assess critical infrastructure resilience (CIR) is variably conceptualised. Therefore, the objective of this study was to critically appraise the existing CIR assessment frameworks developed since the adoption of the Sendai Framework in 2015 with the hazard focus on earthquakes. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method was used for the selection of the 24 most relevant studies, and these were analysed to delineate existing frameworks, models, and concepts. The study found that there are wide-ranging disparities among the existing frameworks to assess the infrastructure resilience, and...
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2021
ABSTRACT Background Measles is highly infectious that leads to a high disease burden among the vu... more ABSTRACT Background Measles is highly infectious that leads to a high disease burden among the vulnerable population, especially in developing countries, despite the availability of highly effective measles vaccine. Immune amnesia, the resetting of the immune systems of infected patients, has been observed in developed countries. This paper is the first to use various African countries to evaluate the extent of immune amnesia. Methods We used two panel datasets from 46 African countries between 1990 and 2018 among children, one is the disease prevalence from Global Burden of Disease, and another is on the measles vaccination coverage from WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form. We used panel regression to estimate the effect of measles prevalence or measles vaccination coverage on other disease prevalence (diarrhea, lower respiratory infection, malaria, meningitis, and tuberculosis). Results We found the strong evidence that the increase in the measles prevalence led to an increase in other disease prevalence and mortality. We also found that the increase in the measles vaccination coverage decreased the prevalence of and the mortality due to other diseases. Discussion and Conclusion Measles vaccination can have a large impact on children’s health because not only does it reduce the prevalence of measles cases and deaths but also could it potentially reduce the prevalence of and deaths due to other diseases.
Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 2020
PurposeThis paper aims to examine how government continuity planning contributes to strengthening... more PurposeThis paper aims to examine how government continuity planning contributes to strengthening the public sector's emergency preparedness, resulting in enhanced resilience of the public sector. Government continuity plans (GCPs) are a recently focused concept in disaster preparedness, compared to business continuity plans (BCPs) in the private sector. The need for BCPs was widely recognized after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and the 2011 Thailand Floods. However, recent disasters, such as the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake in Japan, have revealed that local governments without effective GCPs were severely affected by disasters, preventing them from quickly responding to or recovering from disasters. When the GEJE occurred in 2011, only 11% of municipal governments in Japan had GCPs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyzes basic principles of government continuity planning using complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory while summarizing recent developments in theory...
Journal of Disaster Research, 2016
During recent mega-disasters, such as the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the 2011 Thailand ... more During recent mega-disasters, such as the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the 2011 Thailand floods, interdependencies in supply chains caused substantial economic damage, often exacerbated by vulnerable small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, a new global framework in disaster risk reduction, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, mentions the role of the private sector in achieving a resilient society. However, the framework’s statements are abstract and they need to be converted into actionable agendas. This paper identifies future directions for private sector resilience to disasters, focusing on business continuity. Even though business continuity has been regarded as a critical factor in conventional disaster planning, Business Continuity Management (BCM), articulated as a holistic management process, tends to be designed and implemented selectively by each organization. To address SMEs and supply chain resilience, this paper proposes a new typ...
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2018
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2015
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2020
Infrastructures
Critical infrastructures such as transportation, power, telecommunication, water supply, and hosp... more Critical infrastructures such as transportation, power, telecommunication, water supply, and hospitals play a vital role in effectively managing post-disaster responses. The resilience of critical infrastructures should be incorporated in the planning and designing phase based on the risk assessment in a particular geographic area. However, the framework to assess critical infrastructure resilience (CIR) is variably conceptualised. Therefore, the objective of this study was to critically appraise the existing CIR assessment frameworks developed since the adoption of the Sendai Framework in 2015 with the hazard focus on earthquakes. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method was used for the selection of the 24 most relevant studies, and these were analysed to delineate existing frameworks, models, and concepts. The study found that there are wide-ranging disparities among the existing frameworks to assess the infrastructure resilience, and...
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2021
ABSTRACT Background Measles is highly infectious that leads to a high disease burden among the vu... more ABSTRACT Background Measles is highly infectious that leads to a high disease burden among the vulnerable population, especially in developing countries, despite the availability of highly effective measles vaccine. Immune amnesia, the resetting of the immune systems of infected patients, has been observed in developed countries. This paper is the first to use various African countries to evaluate the extent of immune amnesia. Methods We used two panel datasets from 46 African countries between 1990 and 2018 among children, one is the disease prevalence from Global Burden of Disease, and another is on the measles vaccination coverage from WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form. We used panel regression to estimate the effect of measles prevalence or measles vaccination coverage on other disease prevalence (diarrhea, lower respiratory infection, malaria, meningitis, and tuberculosis). Results We found the strong evidence that the increase in the measles prevalence led to an increase in other disease prevalence and mortality. We also found that the increase in the measles vaccination coverage decreased the prevalence of and the mortality due to other diseases. Discussion and Conclusion Measles vaccination can have a large impact on children’s health because not only does it reduce the prevalence of measles cases and deaths but also could it potentially reduce the prevalence of and deaths due to other diseases.
Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 2020
PurposeThis paper aims to examine how government continuity planning contributes to strengthening... more PurposeThis paper aims to examine how government continuity planning contributes to strengthening the public sector's emergency preparedness, resulting in enhanced resilience of the public sector. Government continuity plans (GCPs) are a recently focused concept in disaster preparedness, compared to business continuity plans (BCPs) in the private sector. The need for BCPs was widely recognized after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and the 2011 Thailand Floods. However, recent disasters, such as the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake in Japan, have revealed that local governments without effective GCPs were severely affected by disasters, preventing them from quickly responding to or recovering from disasters. When the GEJE occurred in 2011, only 11% of municipal governments in Japan had GCPs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyzes basic principles of government continuity planning using complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory while summarizing recent developments in theory...
Journal of Disaster Research, 2016
During recent mega-disasters, such as the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the 2011 Thailand ... more During recent mega-disasters, such as the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the 2011 Thailand floods, interdependencies in supply chains caused substantial economic damage, often exacerbated by vulnerable small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, a new global framework in disaster risk reduction, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, mentions the role of the private sector in achieving a resilient society. However, the framework’s statements are abstract and they need to be converted into actionable agendas. This paper identifies future directions for private sector resilience to disasters, focusing on business continuity. Even though business continuity has been regarded as a critical factor in conventional disaster planning, Business Continuity Management (BCM), articulated as a holistic management process, tends to be designed and implemented selectively by each organization. To address SMEs and supply chain resilience, this paper proposes a new typ...
Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development Working Paper Series WP 13, 2021
Sustainable Development in Africa: Concepts and Methodological Approaches, 2019
As climate changes, hazards such as the frequency, intensity, spatial range, duration, and timing... more As climate changes, hazards such as the frequency, intensity, spatial range, duration, and timing of extreme weather and climate events are also expected to change over time. Traditionally, policymakers and researchers have focused on hazards for disaster risk management (DRM); however, it has become clear that they must regard exposure and vulnerability as key determinants of disaster risk and impacts when risk is realized. As exposure and vulnerability change over time, disaster risks will change as well. For example, unplanned urban development near coastal areas increases exposure. Indeed, development processes affect both exposure and vulnerability. In this sense, disaster risk management is closely associated with sustainable development. Furthermore, due to recent technological developments and economic globalization, societies are more interconnected at every level, from international to regional scales. Therefore, because societies are more interdependent, disaster risks easily propagate to distant places, leading to increased vulnerability. Connections among some determinants of disaster risks and sustainable development, such as rapid urbanization, are clear. However, current knowledge does not appropriately describe regional or global significances of these connections. While introducing the fundamental concepts and frameworks for DRM, this paper explores the linkage between DRM, climate change and sustainable development, focusing on the role of development policy and disaster risk financing.