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Papers by Bakhit Moh'd AL Dajeh
Journal of Ecohumanism, 2024
Civil liability is based on a fundamental principle that anyone who causes harm through their fau... more Civil liability is based on a fundamental principle that anyone who causes harm through their fault is obligated to provide compensation. The essence of this principle is that an individual is held accountable only for their personal conduct, even if it takes the form of omission, particularly within the scope of contractual liability. However, there are always exceptions to the rule. Does an individual bear responsibility for the actions of objects used in the execution or hindrance of a contract, or for causing harm to the creditor, such as tools, means, or machinery used in conjunction with contract execution?Based on this, the study seeks to explore one of the exceptional cases in contractual liability that goes beyond the scope of personal theory in its basic and general concept, namely, contractual liability for the act of the thing.Especially considering that civil legislation, for the most part, has not explicitly addressed the regulation of this liability, which has sparked controversy and discussions regarding adaptation and the determination of the responsible party and the extent of their liability. This study aims to propose logical solutions based on the realities of the available legal principles.
Pakistan Journal of Criminology , 2024
The research explores the concept of liability in the context of smart agents, which are autonomo... more The research explores the concept of liability in the context of smart agents, which are autonomous systems designed to perform tasks and make decisions on behalf of humans or organizations. The study focuses on identifying and analyzing various dimensions of liability associated with these smart agents, particularly in scenarios where they operate independently and make critical decisions. It examines the legal and ethical implications of holding smart agents accountable for their actions, addressing issues such as the attribution of responsibility among the agents, their creators, and users. The research delves into how traditional notions of liability can be adapted to accommodate the complexities of autonomous systems, proposing frameworks and models for determining accountability in cases of malfunction, errors, or unintended consequences. The findings aim to provide a structured approach to managing the legal and ethical challenges posed by the integration of intelligent agents across sectors, and to offer suggested insights into the evolving landscape of technology and liability.
Journal of Ecohumanism, 2024
Research on AI governance is important towards potentially useful and constraining affordable mis... more Research on AI governance is important towards potentially useful and constraining affordable misuse, reduce new risks and economic trends that threaten to disrupt public political and economic trends, and drive off target as interest in advanced AI systems and the norms, focal points, and use of new AI research are potentially transformative and governance institutions aim to prevent. Potential public benefits from policy community re-using AI research are enormous, including reduced economic instability. A fundamental challenge in AI governance is a cognitive framing challenge: governing AI research requires understanding new kinds of safety risks, performance goals, and intended applications that advanced AI systems will make possible. Specifically, the letter focuses on how AI research could mitigate issues such as the possibility of AI capabilities getting concentrated within a small and hard-to-regulate group of actors, and ultimately recommends the prioritization of open research and collaboration, with concern for long-term social and economic looming to the forefront of coalitions if AI becomes an increasingly important aspect of the future economy and society.
International Journal of Religion, 2024
Research on the legal personality of artificial intelligence explores whether AI should be grante... more Research on the legal personality of artificial intelligence explores whether AI should be granted legal rights and obligations akin to natural persons or corporations. Key points include challenges such as AI's lack of physical presence and debates over its agency and autonomy. Proponents argue that AI legal personality could enhance accountability, foster innovation, and protect AI interests. Some countries have made strides in recognizing AI legally, while ethical concerns persist. Alternatives to full legal personhood include creating new legal classifications or focusing on regulating AI developers and users. The study therefore examines the aspects of the possibility of granting legal personal artificial intelligence and the resulting socioeconomic challenges and the extent to which this affects the security aspect of the use. Based on many societal studies and statistics with the aim of reaching a clear position or concluding strategies influential in fateful decision-making policies.
h PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, ISSN 1567-214X., 2021
Legislators are always traying to develop a legal text to move civil responsibility to a modern f... more Legislators are always traying to develop a legal text to move civil responsibility to a modern form which is different from its traditional nature. This study aims to spotlight on the latest development of civil responsibility in France, Egypt and Jordan. Furthermore, this study aims to compare between the approach that the French Legislator, Egyptian Legislator and Jordanian Legislator have follow to clarify the different types of responsibility. This study is juridical-normative with descriptive and comparative analysis. This study adopts the analytical method, which will analyze the legal context related to civil responsibilityy and the studies and jurisprudential opinions that have been exposed to this subject. The data collection was through library and field research. The library research was conducted to seek relevant information by collecting secondary data and valid info that can assist researcher answer the research question. All collected data has been analyzed using qualitative and comparative.
PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, ISSN 1567-214X., 2021
The previous doctrinal and legislative development was not enough to reach a fair system that wou... more The previous doctrinal and legislative development was not enough to reach a fair system that would enable civil responsibility to keep pace with the changes of the times, and to ensure the provision of legal solutions to the new developments. After the industrial revolution and the great development of mechanical equipment and the intervention of technology in industries the number of unknown dangers has increase. The modern jurisprudence is seeking for advanced solutions that take away civil responsibility from the reality of the crisis facing, so the focus would be substantially on the idea of harm, without the search for fault act or not, as the idea of fault act was been decommissioned. The stage of the supposed fault act was the beginning of the path to the next stage to reach a responsibility based on fundamentally of the fault act. This research aims to shed light on objective civil liability, by clarifying its concept, definition and characteristics. The approach used in this study is considered the analytical approach, through the collection and analysis of information, reliance on critical analytical investigation and problem identification.
PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, ISSN 1567-214X, 2020
Civil responsibility occupies an important, prestigious and sensitive position in the legal syste... more Civil responsibility occupies an important, prestigious and sensitive position in the legal system, specifically in the philosophy of civil law. Civil liability gives an Individuals the rights to obtain compensation if he/she suffer from the wrong act of other Individuals by suing them. Therefore, to be an awarded of compensation, the injured party has to have suffered an actual loss, such as; damage to property or financial loss. Nowadays, there is doubt that that civil responsibility is unable to keep up with new developments of life. This research aims to identify the theoretical aspects of the theory of civil liability. Furthermore, this research also aims to clarify what is meant by both contractual liability and omissive responsibility, what is the difference between them using the approach of juridicalnormative with descriptive analysis This study has reach to a result that omissive responsibility and contractual responsibility are differ if we address their original source of obligation, but both responsibility are based on the general and legal obligation of not harming others in the society. Even if their original source of obligation is not the same there is a very great convergence in nature between both of it. Considering this, it is necessary to consider the possibility of establishing a legal system that is independent of the traditional one that would avoid the constraints and challenges of that responsibility.
Conference Presentations by Bakhit Moh'd AL Dajeh
مجلة جامعة الزيتونة الأردنية للدراسات القانونية, 2024
الأنظمة الذكية فرضت أنماطاً وتحديات مستحدثة أخذت طابع الاولوية في الزمن المعاصر والتي تشكل مصدراً... more الأنظمة الذكية فرضت أنماطاً وتحديات مستحدثة أخذت طابع الاولوية في الزمن المعاصر والتي تشكل مصدراً للآمال وبذات الوقت مصدراً للتهديد، كما هو الحال في مسألة الأطر القانونية للذكاء الاصطناعي.
حيث نتناول أهم تلك التحديات المتمثلة في مسألة منح الذكاء الاصطناعي الشخصية القانونية، ومنها التحديات الأخلاقية، وفي جانب المسؤولية القانونية، فكل ما سبق محل خلاف شديد في الأوساط القانونية والبرلمانية، سيما أن تلك الأنظمة تنطوي على ظواهر غير مؤكدة لا يمكن التنبؤ بها، خاصة مع ظهور الذكاء التلقائي (spontaneous intelligence).
إذ نتطلع إلى الاستراتيجيات والنهج المحتملة التي تنطوي على تطوير أطر قانونية واضحة، من خلال التعاون بين الخبراء القانونيين والتقنيين، تطوير المبادئ التوجيهية الأخلاقية، تعزيز الوعي العام، التعليم، والتعاون الدولي.
وبالرغم من كل التحديات إلا أنه يجب الاستجابة لتلك المستجدات رغم المخاطر التي قد تكون متأصلة ونوعية عبر المزيد من البحث لفهم الآثار والعواقب المحتملة لمنح الشخصية القانونية.
الكلمات المفتاحية:
الذكاء الاصطناعي- الشخصية القانونية- المسؤولية القانونية- الاعتبارات الاخلاقية- النهج الدولي.
Journal of Ecohumanism, 2024
Civil liability is based on a fundamental principle that anyone who causes harm through their fau... more Civil liability is based on a fundamental principle that anyone who causes harm through their fault is obligated to provide compensation. The essence of this principle is that an individual is held accountable only for their personal conduct, even if it takes the form of omission, particularly within the scope of contractual liability. However, there are always exceptions to the rule. Does an individual bear responsibility for the actions of objects used in the execution or hindrance of a contract, or for causing harm to the creditor, such as tools, means, or machinery used in conjunction with contract execution?Based on this, the study seeks to explore one of the exceptional cases in contractual liability that goes beyond the scope of personal theory in its basic and general concept, namely, contractual liability for the act of the thing.Especially considering that civil legislation, for the most part, has not explicitly addressed the regulation of this liability, which has sparked controversy and discussions regarding adaptation and the determination of the responsible party and the extent of their liability. This study aims to propose logical solutions based on the realities of the available legal principles.
Pakistan Journal of Criminology , 2024
The research explores the concept of liability in the context of smart agents, which are autonomo... more The research explores the concept of liability in the context of smart agents, which are autonomous systems designed to perform tasks and make decisions on behalf of humans or organizations. The study focuses on identifying and analyzing various dimensions of liability associated with these smart agents, particularly in scenarios where they operate independently and make critical decisions. It examines the legal and ethical implications of holding smart agents accountable for their actions, addressing issues such as the attribution of responsibility among the agents, their creators, and users. The research delves into how traditional notions of liability can be adapted to accommodate the complexities of autonomous systems, proposing frameworks and models for determining accountability in cases of malfunction, errors, or unintended consequences. The findings aim to provide a structured approach to managing the legal and ethical challenges posed by the integration of intelligent agents across sectors, and to offer suggested insights into the evolving landscape of technology and liability.
Journal of Ecohumanism, 2024
Research on AI governance is important towards potentially useful and constraining affordable mis... more Research on AI governance is important towards potentially useful and constraining affordable misuse, reduce new risks and economic trends that threaten to disrupt public political and economic trends, and drive off target as interest in advanced AI systems and the norms, focal points, and use of new AI research are potentially transformative and governance institutions aim to prevent. Potential public benefits from policy community re-using AI research are enormous, including reduced economic instability. A fundamental challenge in AI governance is a cognitive framing challenge: governing AI research requires understanding new kinds of safety risks, performance goals, and intended applications that advanced AI systems will make possible. Specifically, the letter focuses on how AI research could mitigate issues such as the possibility of AI capabilities getting concentrated within a small and hard-to-regulate group of actors, and ultimately recommends the prioritization of open research and collaboration, with concern for long-term social and economic looming to the forefront of coalitions if AI becomes an increasingly important aspect of the future economy and society.
International Journal of Religion, 2024
Research on the legal personality of artificial intelligence explores whether AI should be grante... more Research on the legal personality of artificial intelligence explores whether AI should be granted legal rights and obligations akin to natural persons or corporations. Key points include challenges such as AI's lack of physical presence and debates over its agency and autonomy. Proponents argue that AI legal personality could enhance accountability, foster innovation, and protect AI interests. Some countries have made strides in recognizing AI legally, while ethical concerns persist. Alternatives to full legal personhood include creating new legal classifications or focusing on regulating AI developers and users. The study therefore examines the aspects of the possibility of granting legal personal artificial intelligence and the resulting socioeconomic challenges and the extent to which this affects the security aspect of the use. Based on many societal studies and statistics with the aim of reaching a clear position or concluding strategies influential in fateful decision-making policies.
h PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, ISSN 1567-214X., 2021
Legislators are always traying to develop a legal text to move civil responsibility to a modern f... more Legislators are always traying to develop a legal text to move civil responsibility to a modern form which is different from its traditional nature. This study aims to spotlight on the latest development of civil responsibility in France, Egypt and Jordan. Furthermore, this study aims to compare between the approach that the French Legislator, Egyptian Legislator and Jordanian Legislator have follow to clarify the different types of responsibility. This study is juridical-normative with descriptive and comparative analysis. This study adopts the analytical method, which will analyze the legal context related to civil responsibilityy and the studies and jurisprudential opinions that have been exposed to this subject. The data collection was through library and field research. The library research was conducted to seek relevant information by collecting secondary data and valid info that can assist researcher answer the research question. All collected data has been analyzed using qualitative and comparative.
PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, ISSN 1567-214X., 2021
The previous doctrinal and legislative development was not enough to reach a fair system that wou... more The previous doctrinal and legislative development was not enough to reach a fair system that would enable civil responsibility to keep pace with the changes of the times, and to ensure the provision of legal solutions to the new developments. After the industrial revolution and the great development of mechanical equipment and the intervention of technology in industries the number of unknown dangers has increase. The modern jurisprudence is seeking for advanced solutions that take away civil responsibility from the reality of the crisis facing, so the focus would be substantially on the idea of harm, without the search for fault act or not, as the idea of fault act was been decommissioned. The stage of the supposed fault act was the beginning of the path to the next stage to reach a responsibility based on fundamentally of the fault act. This research aims to shed light on objective civil liability, by clarifying its concept, definition and characteristics. The approach used in this study is considered the analytical approach, through the collection and analysis of information, reliance on critical analytical investigation and problem identification.
PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, ISSN 1567-214X, 2020
Civil responsibility occupies an important, prestigious and sensitive position in the legal syste... more Civil responsibility occupies an important, prestigious and sensitive position in the legal system, specifically in the philosophy of civil law. Civil liability gives an Individuals the rights to obtain compensation if he/she suffer from the wrong act of other Individuals by suing them. Therefore, to be an awarded of compensation, the injured party has to have suffered an actual loss, such as; damage to property or financial loss. Nowadays, there is doubt that that civil responsibility is unable to keep up with new developments of life. This research aims to identify the theoretical aspects of the theory of civil liability. Furthermore, this research also aims to clarify what is meant by both contractual liability and omissive responsibility, what is the difference between them using the approach of juridicalnormative with descriptive analysis This study has reach to a result that omissive responsibility and contractual responsibility are differ if we address their original source of obligation, but both responsibility are based on the general and legal obligation of not harming others in the society. Even if their original source of obligation is not the same there is a very great convergence in nature between both of it. Considering this, it is necessary to consider the possibility of establishing a legal system that is independent of the traditional one that would avoid the constraints and challenges of that responsibility.
مجلة جامعة الزيتونة الأردنية للدراسات القانونية, 2024
الأنظمة الذكية فرضت أنماطاً وتحديات مستحدثة أخذت طابع الاولوية في الزمن المعاصر والتي تشكل مصدراً... more الأنظمة الذكية فرضت أنماطاً وتحديات مستحدثة أخذت طابع الاولوية في الزمن المعاصر والتي تشكل مصدراً للآمال وبذات الوقت مصدراً للتهديد، كما هو الحال في مسألة الأطر القانونية للذكاء الاصطناعي.
حيث نتناول أهم تلك التحديات المتمثلة في مسألة منح الذكاء الاصطناعي الشخصية القانونية، ومنها التحديات الأخلاقية، وفي جانب المسؤولية القانونية، فكل ما سبق محل خلاف شديد في الأوساط القانونية والبرلمانية، سيما أن تلك الأنظمة تنطوي على ظواهر غير مؤكدة لا يمكن التنبؤ بها، خاصة مع ظهور الذكاء التلقائي (spontaneous intelligence).
إذ نتطلع إلى الاستراتيجيات والنهج المحتملة التي تنطوي على تطوير أطر قانونية واضحة، من خلال التعاون بين الخبراء القانونيين والتقنيين، تطوير المبادئ التوجيهية الأخلاقية، تعزيز الوعي العام، التعليم، والتعاون الدولي.
وبالرغم من كل التحديات إلا أنه يجب الاستجابة لتلك المستجدات رغم المخاطر التي قد تكون متأصلة ونوعية عبر المزيد من البحث لفهم الآثار والعواقب المحتملة لمنح الشخصية القانونية.
الكلمات المفتاحية:
الذكاء الاصطناعي- الشخصية القانونية- المسؤولية القانونية- الاعتبارات الاخلاقية- النهج الدولي.