Peter Schröder | Helmholtz-Zentrum München (original) (raw)

Papers by Peter Schröder

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013

h i g h l i g h t s Uptake, accumulation and distribution of multi-elemental pollution. Quantitat... more h i g h l i g h t s Uptake, accumulation and distribution of multi-elemental pollution. Quantitative analysis of the spatal distribution of nutrients in roots and rhizomes. Typha latifolia-plant species important for phytoremediation of hazardous xenobiotics. Low amounts of Cd and Pb in the inner tissues of roots and rhizomes. Predominantly As was found within the vascular tissue-high mobility of the element.

Frontiers in plant science, 2017

Endophytes are microorganisms colonizing plant internal tissues. They are ubiquitously associated... more Endophytes are microorganisms colonizing plant internal tissues. They are ubiquitously associated with plants and play an important role in plant growth and health. In this work, we grew five modern cultivars of barley in axenic systems using sterile sand mixture as well as in greenhouse with natural soil. We characterized the potentially active microbial communities associated with seeds and roots using rRNA based amplicon sequencing. The seeds of the different cultivars share a great part of their microbiome, as we observed a predominance of a few bacterial OTUs assigned to Phyllobacterium, Paenibacillus, and Trabusiella. Seed endophytes, particularly members of the Enterobacteriacea and Paenibacillaceae, were important members of root endophytes in axenic systems, where there were no external microbes. However, when plants were grown in soil, seed endophytes became less abundant in root associated microbiome. We observed a clear enrichment of Actinobacteriacea and Rhizobiaceae, i...

Water research, Oct 3, 2017

The use of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) for the irrigation of crops may result in the continuous ex... more The use of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) for the irrigation of crops may result in the continuous exposure of the agricultural environment to antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In recent years, certain evidence indicate that antibiotics and resistance genes may become disseminated in agricultural soils as a result of the amendment with manure and biosolids and irrigation with RWW. Antibiotic residues and other contaminants may undergo sorption/desorption and transformation processes (both biotic and abiotic), and have the potential to affect the soil microbiota. Antibiotics found in the soil pore water (bioavailable fraction) as a result of RWW irrigation may be taken up by crop plants, bioaccumulate within plant tissues and subsequently enter the food webs; potentially resulting in detrimental public health implications. It can be also hypothesized that ARGs can spread among soil and plant-associated bacteria, a fact that may have ...

Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 30, 2015

The trace element selenium has an essential role for human health. It is involved in redox center... more The trace element selenium has an essential role for human health. It is involved in redox center functions, and it is related to the immune system response. Legumes are among the main suppliers of selenium into the human food chain. Not only Se concentration as such but also more the chemical species of Se is of higher importance for successful Se supply to the human diet and its bioavailability. The current study was focused on the investigation of the Se species present in chickpea plants exposed to 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM selenite in short- and long-term treatment studies. The linear increase of total Se concentration could be linked to the increased concentrations of Se exposure. The selenium species (SeMet, SeCys, selenite, selenate, GPx) detected in varying concentrations in shoots and roots depend on the exposure's concentration and duration. The investigation showed that chickpea can accumulate Se in favorable concentrations and its transformation to bioavailable Se s...

Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality

Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) is one of the few tuber forming legumes with excellent multipurpose... more Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) is one of the few tuber forming legumes with excellent multipurpose qualities and uses. Its production potential for it subsequent adoption into the farming system in Sierra Leone was evaluated. Preliminary trials for varietal evaluation with no agricultural inputs showed that the crop has great capability for increased tuber yields. Fresh tuber yield ranged from 10,190 kg/ha to 22,870 kg/ha. Out of fifteen varieties supplied by CERAAS, four (EC 201, EC 550, EC 114 and EC 117) were selected on the basis of yield potential for further crop development. To enhance maximum tuber production, the effect of fertilizer application and reproductive pruning on these four varieties was investigated. Reproductive pruning strongly influenced tuber production and resulted in an overall yield increase of 251%. Nitrogen fertilizer application had no effect on tuber yield. Pachyrhizus erosus was found to be most sensitive to water stress during reproductive stages with significant reduction in flower and pod production. Under the prevailing conditions tuber production was found to be greater in plants stressed before pod formation and during reproductive pruning. These findings provide evidence of the potential productivity of Pachyrhizus erosus and serve to justify the need for its introduction into farming systems in areas with low edaphic conditions for agricultural development and sustainable food production.

Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences

Environmental science and pollution research international, 2015

The present study focused on cupric sulphate and cupric nitrate uptake in Typha latifolia and the... more The present study focused on cupric sulphate and cupric nitrate uptake in Typha latifolia and the impact of these copper species on the plant's detoxification capacity. When the plants were exposed to 10, 50 and 100 μM cupric sulphate or cupric nitrate, copper accumulation in T. latifolia roots and shoots increased with rising concentration of the salts. Shoot to root ratios differed significantly depending on the form of copper supplementation, e.g. if it was added as cupric (II) sulphate or cupric (II) nitrate. After incubation with 100 μM of cupric sulphate, up to 450 mg Cu/kg fresh weight (FW) was accumulated, whereas the same concentration of cupric nitrate resulted in accumulation of 580 mg/kg FW. Furthermore, significant differences in the activity of some antioxidative enzymes in Typha roots compared to the shoots, which are essential in the plant's reaction to cope with metal stress, were observed. The activity of peroxidase (POX) in roots was increased at intermedi...

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2005

Unintentional loss of herbicides into drainage ditches, shores or other waterbodies may cause lar... more Unintentional loss of herbicides into drainage ditches, shores or other waterbodies may cause large problems in farmland. Therefore strategies for the phytoremediation of agrochemicals and especially herbicides have become a topic of great interest in many agricultural areas. However, in order to establish effective biological pollution control, information on the detoxification capacity of riparian plants and aquatic macrophytes (e.g., Phragmites australis) is important to build up effective buffer stripes. We determined the detoxification capacity of Phragmites australis roots and leaves for the conjugation of agrochemicals to glutathione by assaying the model substrate CDNB as well as the herbicides fenoxaprop-P, propachlor, pethoxamid and terbuthylazine. Specific GST activities were always higher in the rhizomes (6.78 d 0.88 μkat/mg protein for CDNB) than in leaves (1.08 d 0.21 μkat/mg protein). The detoxification capacity is distributed across an array of GST isoforms. In summa...

Plant and Soil, 2013

Aims Typha latifolia L. is an aquatic plant that has been widely exploited for the aims of phytor... more Aims Typha latifolia L. is an aquatic plant that has been widely exploited for the aims of phytoremediation. The main reason why we have chosen this plant species for the current study is its capacity to accumulate and detoxify heavy metals. The main topic of the investigation focused on the root uptake of copper (II) nitrate and copper (II) sulfate and the impact of different chemical copper species on the excreted organic acids. Methods Oxalic, malic, acetic and lactic acids were determined using capillary electrophoresis; a comparison between the concentration and the time course during 7 days of treatment was performed. Results There is a correlation between the total copper (II) sulfate concentration in the roots and the total amount of the excreted organic acids. In addition to that organic acids are involved in the detoxification mechanisms of Typha latifolia for copper (II) nitrate and copper (II) sulfate. Conclusions Different from so far investigated plant species the highest amounts of organic acids are excreted from T. latifolia roots not in the first hours after treatment, but up to 7 days later.

Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2010

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2009

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1997

During long-term exposure of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to trichloro-and monochloroacet... more During long-term exposure of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to trichloro-and monochloroacetic acids via root uptake or acid mist treatments, both substances were removed from the plant tissues by metabolic activity. None of the treated plants exhibited visible stress symptoms at the concentrations used. In addition, the exposure to both substances led to dramatic changes in the activity of xenobiotic detoxification enzymes (peroxidase and gluthatione S-transferase) in the needles of the plants.

Journal of hazardous materials, Jan 18, 2015

Oxybenzone (OBZ), known as Benzophenone-3, is a commonly used UV filter in sun tans and skin prot... more Oxybenzone (OBZ), known as Benzophenone-3, is a commonly used UV filter in sun tans and skin protectants, entering aquatic systems either directly during recreational activities or indirectly through wastewater treatment plants discharge. To study the potential degradation capacity of plants for OBZ in phytotreatment, a well-established hairy root culture (Armoracia rusticana) was treated with OBZ. More than 20% of spiked OBZ (100μM) was eliminated from the medium by hairy roots after 3h of exposure. Two metabolites were identified as oxybenzone-glucoside (OBZ-Glu) and oxybenzone-(6-O-malonyl)-glucoside (OBZ-Mal-Glu) by LC-MS/MS and TOF-MS. Formation of these metabolites was confirmed by enzymatic synthesis, as well as enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis. Incubation with O-glucosyltransferase (O-GT) extracted from roots formed OBZ-Glu; whereas β-d-Glucosidase hydrolyzed OBZ-Glu. However, alkaline hydrolysis led to cleavage of OBZ-Mal-Glu and yielded OBZ-Glu. In the hairy root culture,...

Plant and Soil, 2015

Background and aims Selenium (Se) phytotoxicity at the cellular level disturbs the synthesis and ... more Background and aims Selenium (Se) phytotoxicity at the cellular level disturbs the synthesis and functions of proteins, together with the generation of an oxidative stress condition. This study reveals the nitro-oxidative stress events, supplemented by a broad spectrumed characterisation of the Se-induced symptoms. Methods Applying several, carefully selected methods, we investigated the selenite treatment-induced changes in the Se and sulphur contents, pigment composition, hydrogen peroxide level, activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes, glutathione, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, lipid peroxidation and protein tyrosine nitration. Results The Se content increased intensively and concentration-dependently in the organs of the treated plants, which led to altered vegetative and reproductive development. The level of the investigated reactive oxygen species and antioxidants supported the presence of the Se-induced oxidative stress, but also pointed out nitrosative changes, in parallel. Conclusions The presented results aim to map the altered vegetative and reproductive development of Setreated pea plants. Mild dose of Se has supportive effect, while high concentrations inhibit growth. Behind Se toxicity, we discovered both oxidative and nitrosative stress-induced modifications. Moreover, the presented data first reveals selenite-induced concentration-and organ-dependent tyrosine nitration in pea.

Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung, 2000

E3S Web of Conferences, 2013

The major topic of the present experiment was the investigation of the antioxidative enzymes and ... more The major topic of the present experiment was the investigation of the antioxidative enzymes and the root exudate excretion after plant exposure to copper. The copper was added for each treatment as copper sulphate and copper nitrate in the concentrations of 10 µM, 5 0 µM and 100 µM , respectively. The plant species chosen for the study was Typha latifolia. The experiment gives insight into the plant responses to different copper supplies during the same conditions of exposure. Remarkable results were obtained during the time course about the excretion of organic acids from Typha latifolia roots during one week of copper exposure. Oxalic acid, malic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid were detected. Interestingly, not all organic acids are excreted from the roots in the first hours after copper addition.

Trees, 1989

A gas transport system based upon the physico-chemical effect of thermo-osmosis of gases in descr... more A gas transport system based upon the physico-chemical effect of thermo-osmosis of gases in described for the black alder, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Air is transported through the alder's stem to the roots, thus improving 02 supply to respiring tissues of the root system. The gas transport system is investigated by means of a tracer gas technique (I 1% ethane in air, v/v). Gas transport depends on any source of radiant heat generating a temperature difference between the tree's stems and the atmosphere. The amount of gas transported in leafless trees is four times higher than the amount of gas reaching the roots by gas diffusion. Two-thirds of the gas is transported in the wood, only one-third in the bark. Intercellular spaces inside the porous lenticels of the bark are responsible for this kind of gas transport. Their diameters are estimated by the effusion rates of different tracer gases to be in the range of 1 p.m.

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 1990

ABSTRACT