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Papers by Anna-Liisa Heusala

Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Jan 15, 2021

1 Check Point Quantum 6700 Next Generation Firewalls enables enterprises to deploy the industry’s... more 1 Check Point Quantum 6700 Next Generation Firewalls enables enterprises to deploy the industry’s leading threat prevention capabilities at all points of their infrastructure, scaling security almost infinitely according to their changing business needs. It also dramatically accelerates the efficiency of their security operations. This enables enterprises to prevent and block even the most advanced attacks, before they can disrupt business.

Hart Publishing eBooks, 2023

The article outlines key processes, which have been present in Russian administrative and legal r... more The article outlines key processes, which have been present in Russian administrative and legal reforms in the past 20 plus years. It argues that the emulation of various global New Public Management (NPM) techniques and policy choices have created specific end-results in Russia. Although there are important successes in reforms, securitization of decision-making, increased centralization and emphasis on legal sovereignty dominate in recent developments.Peer reviewe

Routledge eBooks, Mar 1, 2021

Gaudeamus Helsinki University Press, 2015

Aleksanteri Institute, 2008

Politiikasta.fi, 2014

Suomettuminen on palannut vauhdilla kansainväliseen ja suomalaiseen poliittiseen keskusteluun kul... more Suomettuminen on palannut vauhdilla kansainväliseen ja suomalaiseen poliittiseen keskusteluun kuluneen vuoden aikana. Politiikasta.fi pyysi politiikan tutkijoilta ja lähitieteenalojen edustajilta kommentteja aiheeseen ja käytyyn keskusteluun. Vastaukset kerättiin sähköpostitse 9.10.–16.10.2014 välisenä aikana.

Toimituksen valitsemalta asiantuntijaraadilta pyydettyjä kommentteja pohjustettiin kysymyksillä, joihin tutkijat saivat valintansa mukaan vastata. Tämän lisäksi kommentteja pohjustettiin aiheen ympärillä käydystä julkisesta keskustelusta koostetulla tiivistelmällä. Tutkijoiden kommentit on pyritty esittämään kysymysten mukaisessa järjestyksessä, joskin kahden tutkijan kommentit on esitetty omina kokonaisuuksinaan. Tiivistelmä suomettumiskeskustelun paluun taustoista löytyy artikkelin lopusta.

Russian Modernization in Post-Soviet Russia. Structures, Agencies, and Choices, 2021

Russia’s is an electoral political system biased towards authoritarianism. This chapter analyses ... more Russia’s is an electoral political system biased towards authoritarianism. This chapter analyses the structural conditions of the political system and the major choices made by Russia’s political and economic elites over the last two decades. The Russian elite sees modernization narrowly as only improvement in economic and technological competitiveness. However, they avoid long-term commitment to modernization programmes because a concrete failure could lead to a crisis in the legitimacy. In this way, the elite is both a promoter of, and an obstacle to narrow modernization. Our
analysis shows that Russian system combines the risks of both democratic institutional forms and those of authoritarianism. The most important constraints of Russian modernization stem from a combination of authoritarianism and informal administrative practices.

Ledeneva´s thoughts coincide with the political process view of culture which sees organizational... more Ledeneva´s thoughts coincide with the political process view of culture which sees organizational environments and group boundaries as constantly changing. Individuals have fragmented, fluctuating self-concepts because they are faced with inescapable contradictions. (Martin 1993.) In the creation of a new administrative culture, authority is often in persuasions and power in shifting coalitions. Decision making is bargaining and there is no unifying force of thinking because goals are inconsistent and pluralistic. (Comp. Sormunen and Kuparinen 1990.) The self-interests of actors override decision making rationality and goal functionality. The concreteness of cultures and their close connection within structures of society becomes evident in the changing of laws in transitional societies. This is usually hard work and even when it is successful, the effective implementation is difficult. Why is this so? The obvious answer from the point of view of the organization of administrative work, is that there is a crisis of functionality. What are the elements of this crisis? In the answer given by this study, the institutionalized forms of old structures hinder transition. Old forms have left a mark in the patterns of thought and practices of organizations. Theoretically then, a connection between structures and cultures needs to be found. Structures and social systems often become "one" in the common understanding of public organizations. In this study, this view is reinforced. Structures are seen as products of historical developments which are shaped by the actions of groups of people. (Bendix 19: 13.) Organizations have certain official goals around which the daily work has to be arranged. Structures are not only supposed to advance these purposes but in reality they also affect the way these purposes can be achieved : 12, comp. also Ledeneva 2000: 331.) In this respect, structures have a normative character. Structural arrangements involve orders of importance. Assessment of administrative ethical principles, for instance, requires looking at how structures support or hinder the realization of these principles. In this study, this normative character is mirrored against a definition based on the previously examined ideal type of liberal-democratic administration. In Anthony Giddens´ theory, which I borrow in an altered form, structures (rules, resources, transformation relations and properties of social systems) and social systems (regular social practices of reproduced relations between actors) meet in the structuration process in which the

Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Jan 15, 2021

1 Check Point Quantum 6700 Next Generation Firewalls enables enterprises to deploy the industry’s... more 1 Check Point Quantum 6700 Next Generation Firewalls enables enterprises to deploy the industry’s leading threat prevention capabilities at all points of their infrastructure, scaling security almost infinitely according to their changing business needs. It also dramatically accelerates the efficiency of their security operations. This enables enterprises to prevent and block even the most advanced attacks, before they can disrupt business.

Hart Publishing eBooks, 2023

The article outlines key processes, which have been present in Russian administrative and legal r... more The article outlines key processes, which have been present in Russian administrative and legal reforms in the past 20 plus years. It argues that the emulation of various global New Public Management (NPM) techniques and policy choices have created specific end-results in Russia. Although there are important successes in reforms, securitization of decision-making, increased centralization and emphasis on legal sovereignty dominate in recent developments.Peer reviewe

Routledge eBooks, Mar 1, 2021

Gaudeamus Helsinki University Press, 2015

Aleksanteri Institute, 2008

Politiikasta.fi, 2014

Suomettuminen on palannut vauhdilla kansainväliseen ja suomalaiseen poliittiseen keskusteluun kul... more Suomettuminen on palannut vauhdilla kansainväliseen ja suomalaiseen poliittiseen keskusteluun kuluneen vuoden aikana. Politiikasta.fi pyysi politiikan tutkijoilta ja lähitieteenalojen edustajilta kommentteja aiheeseen ja käytyyn keskusteluun. Vastaukset kerättiin sähköpostitse 9.10.–16.10.2014 välisenä aikana.

Toimituksen valitsemalta asiantuntijaraadilta pyydettyjä kommentteja pohjustettiin kysymyksillä, joihin tutkijat saivat valintansa mukaan vastata. Tämän lisäksi kommentteja pohjustettiin aiheen ympärillä käydystä julkisesta keskustelusta koostetulla tiivistelmällä. Tutkijoiden kommentit on pyritty esittämään kysymysten mukaisessa järjestyksessä, joskin kahden tutkijan kommentit on esitetty omina kokonaisuuksinaan. Tiivistelmä suomettumiskeskustelun paluun taustoista löytyy artikkelin lopusta.

Russian Modernization in Post-Soviet Russia. Structures, Agencies, and Choices, 2021

Russia’s is an electoral political system biased towards authoritarianism. This chapter analyses ... more Russia’s is an electoral political system biased towards authoritarianism. This chapter analyses the structural conditions of the political system and the major choices made by Russia’s political and economic elites over the last two decades. The Russian elite sees modernization narrowly as only improvement in economic and technological competitiveness. However, they avoid long-term commitment to modernization programmes because a concrete failure could lead to a crisis in the legitimacy. In this way, the elite is both a promoter of, and an obstacle to narrow modernization. Our
analysis shows that Russian system combines the risks of both democratic institutional forms and those of authoritarianism. The most important constraints of Russian modernization stem from a combination of authoritarianism and informal administrative practices.

Ledeneva´s thoughts coincide with the political process view of culture which sees organizational... more Ledeneva´s thoughts coincide with the political process view of culture which sees organizational environments and group boundaries as constantly changing. Individuals have fragmented, fluctuating self-concepts because they are faced with inescapable contradictions. (Martin 1993.) In the creation of a new administrative culture, authority is often in persuasions and power in shifting coalitions. Decision making is bargaining and there is no unifying force of thinking because goals are inconsistent and pluralistic. (Comp. Sormunen and Kuparinen 1990.) The self-interests of actors override decision making rationality and goal functionality. The concreteness of cultures and their close connection within structures of society becomes evident in the changing of laws in transitional societies. This is usually hard work and even when it is successful, the effective implementation is difficult. Why is this so? The obvious answer from the point of view of the organization of administrative work, is that there is a crisis of functionality. What are the elements of this crisis? In the answer given by this study, the institutionalized forms of old structures hinder transition. Old forms have left a mark in the patterns of thought and practices of organizations. Theoretically then, a connection between structures and cultures needs to be found. Structures and social systems often become "one" in the common understanding of public organizations. In this study, this view is reinforced. Structures are seen as products of historical developments which are shaped by the actions of groups of people. (Bendix 19: 13.) Organizations have certain official goals around which the daily work has to be arranged. Structures are not only supposed to advance these purposes but in reality they also affect the way these purposes can be achieved : 12, comp. also Ledeneva 2000: 331.) In this respect, structures have a normative character. Structural arrangements involve orders of importance. Assessment of administrative ethical principles, for instance, requires looking at how structures support or hinder the realization of these principles. In this study, this normative character is mirrored against a definition based on the previously examined ideal type of liberal-democratic administration. In Anthony Giddens´ theory, which I borrow in an altered form, structures (rules, resources, transformation relations and properties of social systems) and social systems (regular social practices of reproduced relations between actors) meet in the structuration process in which the

Migrant Workers in Russia: Global Challenges of the Shadow Economy in Societal Transformation , 2017

Russia has a very large pool of economic migrants, up to 25 per cent of the workforce according t... more Russia has a very large pool of economic migrants, up to 25 per cent of the workforce according to some estimates. Although many migrants, many from former Soviet countries which are now independent, entered Russia legally, they frequently face bureaucratic obstacles to legal employment and Russian citizenship, factors which have led to a very large 'shadow economy'. This book presents a comprehensive examination of migrant labour in Russia. It describes the nature of migrant labour, explores the shadow economy and its unfortunate consequences, and discusses the rise of popular sentiment against migrants and its likely impact. The book also sets the Russian experiences of migrant labour in context, comparing the situation in Russia with that in other countries with significant migrant labour workforces.

Russia has a very large pool of economic migrants, up to 25% of the workforce according to some e... more Russia has a very large pool of economic migrants, up to 25% of the workforce according to some estimates. Although many migrants, many from former Soviet countries which are now independent, entered Russia legally, they frequently face bureaucratic obstacles to legal employment and Russian citizenship, factors which have led to a very large “shadow economy”. This book presents a comprehensive examination of migrant labour in Russia. It describes the nature of migrant labour, explores the shadow economy and its unfortunate consequences, and discusses the rise of popular sentiment against migrants and the likely impact. The book also sets the Russian experiences of migrant labour in context, comparing the situation in Russia with that in other countries with significant migrant labour workforces.