cpython: 5f997b3cb59c (original) (raw)

--- a/Doc/c-api/none.rst +++ b/Doc/c-api/none.rst @@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ .. _noneobject: -The None Object ---------------- +The None Object +------------------- .. index:: object: None @@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ same reason. .. c:macro:: Py_RETURN_NONE Properly handle returning :c:data:Py_None from within a C function (that is,

• increment the reference count of None and return it.)

• increment the reference count of None and return it.)

--- a/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst +++ b/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst @@ -1415,11 +1415,11 @@ included in the :mod:encodings package decode characters. Decoding mappings must map single string characters to single Unicode -characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Unicode ordinals) or None +characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Unicode ordinals) or None (meaning "undefined mapping" and causing an error). Encoding mappings must map single Unicode characters to single string -characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Latin-1 ordinals) or None +characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Latin-1 ordinals) or None (meaning "undefined mapping" and causing an error). The mapping objects provided must only support the getitem mapping @@ -1460,7 +1460,7 @@ The following codec API is special in th NULL when an exception was raised by the codec. The mapping table must map Unicode ordinal integers to Unicode ordinal

• integers or None (causing deletion of the character).

• integers or None (causing deletion of the character). Mapping tables need only provide the :meth:__getitem__ interface; dictionaries and sequences work well. Unmapped character ordinals (ones which cause a @@ -1577,7 +1577,7 @@ They all return NULL or -1 if an e resulting Unicode object. The mapping table must map Unicode ordinal integers to Unicode ordinal integers

• or None (causing deletion of the character).

• or None (causing deletion of the character). Mapping tables need only provide the :meth:__getitem__ interface; dictionaries and sequences work well. Unmapped character ordinals (ones which cause a

--- a/Doc/howto/descriptor.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/descriptor.rst @@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ The output suggests that bound and unbou While they could have been implemented that way, the actual C implementation of :c:type:PyMethod_Type in :source:Objects/classobject.c is a single object with two different representations depending on whether the :attr:im_self -field is set or is NULL (the C equivalent of None). +field is set or is NULL (the C equivalent of None). Likewise, the effects of calling a method object depend on the :attr:im_self field. If set (meaning bound), the original function (stored in the

--- a/Doc/howto/logging.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/logging.rst @@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ In Python 3.2 and later, the behaviour i The handler's level is set to WARNING, so all events at this and greater severities will be output. -To obtain the pre-3.2 behaviour, logging.lastResort can be set to None. +To obtain the pre-3.2 behaviour, logging.lastResort can be set to None. .. _library-config:

--- a/Doc/howto/sorting.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/sorting.rst @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ returns a new sorted list:: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] You can also use the :meth:list.sort method. It modifies the list -in-place (and returns None to avoid confusion). Usually it's less convenient +in-place (and returns None to avoid confusion). Usually it's less convenient than :func:sorted - but if you don't need the original list, it's slightly more efficient.

--- a/Doc/library/argparse.rst +++ b/Doc/library/argparse.rst @@ -1552,7 +1552,7 @@ Sub-commands positional arguments * description - description for the sub-parser group in help output, by

• default None[](#l6.7)

• default ``None``[](#l6.8)

* prog - usage information that will be displayed with sub-command help, by default the name of the program and any positional arguments before the @@ -1565,12 +1565,12 @@ Sub-commands encountered at the command line * dest_ - name of the attribute under which sub-command name will be

• stored; by default None and no value is stored[](#l6.16)

-

• • help_ - help for sub-parser group in help output, by default None

• stored; by default ``None`` and no value is stored[](#l6.19)

+

• • help_ - help for sub-parser group in help output, by default None
  • metavar_ - string presenting available sub-commands in help; by default it

• is None and presents sub-commands in form {cmd1, cmd2, ..}[](#l6.24)

• is ``None`` and presents sub-commands in form {cmd1, cmd2, ..}[](#l6.25)

Some example usage::

--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-protocol.rst +++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-protocol.rst @@ -372,10 +372,10 @@ The following callbacks are called on :c (for example by calling :meth:write_eof, if the other end also uses asyncio).

• This method may return a false value (including None), in which case

• This method may return a false value (including None), in which case the transport will close itself. Conversely, if this method returns a true value, closing the transport is up to the protocol. Since the

• default implementation returns None, it implicitly closes the connection.

• default implementation returns None, it implicitly closes the connection. .. note:: Some transports such as SSL don't support half-closed connections,

--- a/Doc/library/asyncore.rst +++ b/Doc/library/asyncore.rst @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ any that have been added to the map duri Enter a polling loop that terminates after count passes or all open channels have been closed. All arguments are optional. The count

• parameter defaults to None, resulting in the loop terminating only when all

• parameter defaults to None, resulting in the loop terminating only when all channels have been closed. The timeout argument sets the timeout parameter for the appropriate :func:~select.select or :func:~select.poll call, measured in seconds; the default is 30 seconds. The use_poll

--- a/Doc/library/bdb.rst +++ b/Doc/library/bdb.rst @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ The :mod:bdb module also defines two c .. method:: set_continue() Stop only at breakpoints or when finished. If there are no breakpoints,

•  set the system trace function to None.[](#l9.7)

•  set the system trace function to ``None``.[](#l9.8)

.. method:: set_quit()

--- a/Doc/library/code.rst +++ b/Doc/library/code.rst @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ interpreter objects as well as the follo The optional exitmsg argument specifies an exit message printed when exiting. Pass the empty string to suppress the exit message. If exitmsg is not given or

• None, a default message is printed.

• None, a default message is printed. .. versionchanged:: 3.4 To suppress printing any banner, pass an empty string.

--- a/Doc/library/collections.rst +++ b/Doc/library/collections.rst @@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ or subtracting from an empty counter. position of the underlying data representation.

• If maxlen is not specified or is None, deques may grow to an

• If maxlen is not specified or is None, deques may grow to an arbitrary length. Otherwise, the deque is bounded to the specified maximum length. Once a bounded length deque is full, when new items are added, a corresponding number of items are discarded from the opposite end. Bounded @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ or subtracting from an empty counter. .. attribute:: maxlen

•    Maximum size of a deque or *None* if unbounded.[](#l11.16)

•    Maximum size of a deque or ``None`` if unbounded.[](#l11.17)

.. versionadded:: 3.1

--- a/Doc/library/dis.rst +++ b/Doc/library/dis.rst @@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ code. notably :func:get_instructions, as iterating over a :class:Bytecode instance yields the bytecode operations as :class:Instruction instances.

• If first_line is not None, it indicates the line number that should be

• If first_line is not None, it indicates the line number that should be reported for the first source line in the disassembled code. Otherwise, the source line information (if any) is taken directly from the disassembled code object.

• If current_offset is not None, it refers to an instruction offset in the

• If current_offset is not None, it refers to an instruction offset in the disassembled code. Setting this means :meth:.dis will display a "current instruction" marker against the specified opcode.

@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ operation is being performed, so the int The iterator generates a series of :class:Instruction named tuples giving the details of each operation in the supplied code.

• If first_line is not None, it indicates the line number that should be

• If first_line is not None, it indicates the line number that should be reported for the first source line in the disassembled code. Otherwise, the source line information (if any) is taken directly from the disassembled code object. @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ details of bytecode instructions as :cla .. data:: arg

•  numeric argument to operation (if any), otherwise None[](#l12.31)

•  numeric argument to operation (if any), otherwise ``None``[](#l12.32)

.. data:: argval @@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ details of bytecode instructions as :cla .. data:: starts_line

•  line started by this opcode (if any), otherwise None[](#l12.40)

•  line started by this opcode (if any), otherwise ``None``[](#l12.41)

.. data:: is_jump_target

--- a/Doc/library/doctest.rst +++ b/Doc/library/doctest.rst @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ DocTest Objects .. attribute:: docstring

•  The string that the test was extracted from, or 'None' if the string is[](#l13.7)

•  The string that the test was extracted from, or ``None`` if the string is[](#l13.8)
   unavailable, or if the test was not extracted from a string.[](#l13.9)

@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ DocTestFinder objects not specified, then obj.__name__ is used. The optional parameter module is the module that contains the given object.

•  If the module is not specified or is None, then the test finder will attempt[](#l13.16)

•  If the module is not specified or is ``None``, then the test finder will attempt[](#l13.17)
   to automatically determine the correct module.  The object's module is used:[](#l13.18)

* As a default namespace, if globs is not specified.

--- a/Doc/library/ensurepip.rst +++ b/Doc/library/ensurepip.rst @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Module API Bootstraps pip into the current or designated environment. root specifies an alternative root directory to install relative to.

• If root is None, then installation uses the default install location

• If root is None, then installation uses the default install location for the current environment. upgrade indicates whether or not to upgrade an existing installation

--- a/Doc/library/functools.rst +++ b/Doc/library/functools.rst @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ The :mod:functools module defines the Since a dictionary is used to cache results, the positional and keyword arguments to the function must be hashable.

• If maxsize is set to None, the LRU feature is disabled and the cache can

• If maxsize is set to None, the LRU feature is disabled and the cache can grow without bound. The LRU feature performs best when maxsize is a power-of-two.

--- a/Doc/library/http.server.rst +++ b/Doc/library/http.server.rst @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ of which this module provides three diff .. method:: date_time_string(timestamp=None)

•  Returns the date and time given by *timestamp* (which must be None or in[](#l16.7)

•  Returns the date and time given by *timestamp* (which must be ``None`` or in[](#l16.8)
   the format returned by :func:`time.time`), formatted for a message[](#l16.9)
   header. If *timestamp* is omitted, it uses the current date and time.[](#l16.10)

--- a/Doc/library/imaplib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/imaplib.rst @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ The following utility functions are defi Parse an IMAP4 INTERNALDATE string and return corresponding local time. The return value is a :class:time.struct_time tuple or

• None if the string has wrong format.

• None if the string has wrong format.

.. function:: Int2AP(num)

--- a/Doc/library/importlib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/importlib.rst @@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ find and load modules. (__loader__) The loader to use for loading. For namespace packages this should be

• set to None.

• set to None. .. attribute:: origin

@@ -1064,33 +1064,33 @@ find and load modules. Name of the place from which the module is loaded, e.g. "builtin" for built-in modules and the filename for modules loaded from source.

• Normally "origin" should be set, but it may be None (the default)

• Normally "origin" should be set, but it may be None (the default) which indicates it is unspecified. .. attribute:: submodule_search_locations (__path__)

• List of strings for where to find submodules, if a package (None

• List of strings for where to find submodules, if a package (None otherwise). .. attribute:: loader_state Container of extra module-specific data for use during loading (or

• None).

• None). .. attribute:: cached (__cached__)

• String for where the compiled module should be stored (or None).

• String for where the compiled module should be stored (or None). .. attribute:: parent (__package__) (Read-only) Fully-qualified name of the package to which the module

• belongs as a submodule (or None).

• belongs as a submodule (or None). .. attribute:: has_location

--- a/Doc/library/json.rst +++ b/Doc/library/json.rst @@ -407,8 +407,9 @@ Encoders and Decoders (to raise :exc:TypeError). If skipkeys is false (the default), then it is a :exc:TypeError to

• attempt encoding of keys that are not str, int, float or None. If
• skipkeys is true, such items are simply skipped.

• attempt encoding of keys that are not :class:str, :class:int,
• :class:float or None. If skipkeys is true, such items are simply
• skipped. If ensure_ascii is true (the default), the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped. If ensure_ascii is

--- a/Doc/library/linecache.rst +++ b/Doc/library/linecache.rst @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ The :mod:linecache module defines the .. function:: lazycache(filename, module_globals) Capture enough detail about a non-file-based module to permit getting its

• lines later via :func:getline even if module_globals is None in the later

• lines later via :func:getline even if module_globals is None in the later call. This avoids doing I/O until a line is actually needed, without having to carry the module globals around indefinitely.

--- a/Doc/library/logging.config.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.config.rst @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ in :mod:logging itself) and defining h across the socket, such that the verify callable can perform signature verification and/or decryption. The verify callable is called with a single argument - the bytes received across the socket - and should

• return the bytes to be processed, or None to indicate that the bytes should

• return the bytes to be processed, or None to indicate that the bytes should be discarded. The returned bytes could be the same as the passed in bytes (e.g. when only verification is done), or they could be completely different (perhaps if decryption were performed).

--- a/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ sends logging output to a disk file. It Returns a new instance of the :class:FileHandler class. The specified file is opened and used as the stream for logging. If mode is not specified,

• :const:'a' is used. If encoding is not None, it is used to open the file

• :const:'a' is used. If encoding is not None, it is used to open the file with that encoding. If delay is true, then file opening is deferred until the first call to :meth:emit. By default, the file grows indefinitely.

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ for this value. Returns a new instance of the :class:WatchedFileHandler class. The specified file is opened and used as the stream for logging. If mode is not specified,

• :const:'a' is used. If encoding is not None, it is used to open the file

• :const:'a' is used. If encoding is not None, it is used to open the file with that encoding. If delay is true, then file opening is deferred until the first call to :meth:emit. By default, the file grows indefinitely.

@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ module, supports rotation of disk log fi Returns a new instance of the :class:RotatingFileHandler class. The specified file is opened and used as the stream for logging. If mode is not specified,

• 'a' is used. If encoding is not None, it is used to open the file

• 'a' is used. If encoding is not None, it is used to open the file with that encoding. If delay is true, then file opening is deferred until the first call to :meth:emit. By default, the file grows indefinitely.

--- a/Doc/library/logging.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.rst @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ is the module's name in the Python packa Finds the caller's source filename and line number. Returns the filename, line number, function name and stack information as a 4-element tuple. The stack

• information is returned as None unless stack_info is True.

• information is returned as None unless stack_info is True.

.. method:: Logger.handle(record) @@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ wire). :param args: Variable data to merge into the msg argument to obtain the event description. :param exc_info: An exception tuple with the current exception information,

•                or *None* if no exception information is available.[](#l23.16)

•                or ``None`` if no exception information is available.[](#l23.17)

  :param func: The name of the function or method from which the logging call was invoked. :param sinfo: A text string representing stack information from the base of @@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ the options available to you. | | | (as returned by :func:time.time). |

+----------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | exc_info | You shouldn't need to | Exception tuple (à la sys.exc_info) or, | -| | format this yourself. | if no exception has occurred, None. | +| | format this yourself. | if no exception has occurred, None. | +----------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | filename | %(filename)s | Filename portion of pathname. | +----------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ @@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ functions. :lno: The line number in the file where the logging call was made. :msg: The logging message. :args: The arguments for the logging message.

•  :exc_info: An exception tuple, or None.[](#l23.34)

•  :exc_info: An exception tuple, or ``None``.[](#l23.35)
   :func: The name of the function or method which invoked the logging[](#l23.36)
          call.[](#l23.37)
   :sinfo: A stack traceback such as is provided by[](#l23.38)

--- a/Doc/library/mmap.rst +++ b/Doc/library/mmap.rst @@ -204,13 +204,13 @@ To map anonymous memory, -1 should be pa .. method:: read([n]) Return a :class:bytes containing up to n bytes starting from the

•  current file position. If the argument is omitted, *None* or negative,[](#l24.7)

•  current file position. If the argument is omitted, ``None`` or negative,[](#l24.8)
   return all bytes from the current file position to the end of the[](#l24.9)
   mapping. The file position is updated to point after the bytes that were[](#l24.10)
   returned.[](#l24.11)

.. versionchanged:: 3.3

•     Argument can be omitted or *None*.[](#l24.14)

•     Argument can be omitted or ``None``.[](#l24.15)

.. method:: read_byte()

--- a/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst +++ b/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst @@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ Miscellaneous Return a context object which has the same attributes as the :mod:multiprocessing module.

• If method is None then the default context is returned.

• If method is None then the default context is returned. Otherwise method should be 'fork', 'spawn', 'forkserver'. :exc:ValueError is raised if the specified start method is not available. @@ -962,10 +962,10 @@ Miscellaneous If the start method has not been fixed and allow_none is false, then the start method is fixed to the default and the name is returned. If the start method has not been fixed and allow_none

• is true then None is returned.

• is true then None is returned. The return value can be 'fork', 'spawn', 'forkserver'

• or None. 'fork' is the default on Unix, while 'spawn' is

• or None. 'fork' is the default on Unix, while 'spawn' is the default on Windows. .. versionadded:: 3.4 @@ -2059,7 +2059,7 @@ with the :class:Pool class. maxtasksperchild is the number of tasks a worker process can complete before it will exit and be replaced with a fresh worker process, to enable

• unused resources to be freed. The default maxtasksperchild is None, which

• unused resources to be freed. The default maxtasksperchild is None, which means worker processes will live as long as the pool. context can be used to specify the context used for starting @@ -2329,7 +2329,7 @@ multiple connections at the same time. None then digest authentication is used. If authkey is a byte string then it will be used as the

• authentication key; otherwise it must be None.

• authentication key; otherwise it must be None. If authkey is None and authenticate is True then current_process().authkey is used as the authentication key. If

--- a/Doc/library/nntplib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/nntplib.rst @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ tuples or objects that the method normal .. method:: NNTP.login(user=None, password=None, usenetrc=True) Send AUTHINFO commands with the user name and password. If user

• and password are None and usenetrc is true, credentials from

• and password are None and usenetrc is true, credentials from ~/.netrc will be used if possible. Unless intentionally delayed, login is normally performed during the

--- a/Doc/library/optparse.rst +++ b/Doc/library/optparse.rst @@ -2026,12 +2026,12 @@ Features of note: values.ensure_value(attr, value)

• If the attr attribute of values doesn't exist or is None, then

• If the attr attribute of values doesn't exist or is None, then ensure_value() first sets it to value, and then returns 'value. This is very handy for actions like "extend", "append", and "count", all of which accumulate data in a variable and expect that variable to be of a certain type (a list for the first two, an integer for the latter). Using :meth:ensure_value means that scripts using your action don't have to worry about setting a default value for the option destinations in question; they

• can just leave the default as None and :meth:ensure_value will take care of

• can just leave the default as None and :meth:ensure_value will take care of getting it right when it's needed.

--- a/Doc/library/os.rst +++ b/Doc/library/os.rst @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ process and user. executable, similar to a shell, when launching a process. env, when specified, should be an environment variable dictionary to lookup the PATH in.

• By default, when env is None, :data:environ is used.

• By default, when env is None, :data:environ is used. .. versionadded:: 3.2

@@ -3814,7 +3814,7 @@ Miscellaneous System Information .. function:: cpu_count()

• Return the number of CPUs in the system. Returns None if undetermined.

• Return the number of CPUs in the system. Returns None if undetermined. This number is not equivalent to the number of CPUs the current process can use. The number of usable CPUs can be obtained with

--- a/Doc/library/queue.rst +++ b/Doc/library/queue.rst @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ provide the public methods described bel .. method:: Queue.put(item, block=True, timeout=None) Put item into the queue. If optional args block is true and timeout is

• None (the default), block if necessary until a free slot is available. If

• None (the default), block if necessary until a free slot is available. If timeout is a positive number, it blocks at most timeout seconds and raises the :exc:Full exception if no free slot was available within that time. Otherwise (block is false), put an item on the queue if a free slot is @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ provide the public methods described bel .. method:: Queue.get(block=True, timeout=None) Remove and return an item from the queue. If optional args block is true and

• timeout is None (the default), block if necessary until an item is available.

• timeout is None (the default), block if necessary until an item is available. If timeout is a positive number, it blocks at most timeout seconds and raises the :exc:Empty exception if no item was available within that time. Otherwise (block is false), return an item if one is immediately available,

--- a/Doc/library/select.rst +++ b/Doc/library/select.rst @@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ Kqueue Objects Low level interface to kevent

• • changelist must be an iterable of kevent object or None

• • changelist must be an iterable of kevent object or None
  • max_events must be 0 or a positive integer
  • timeout in seconds (floats possible)

--- a/Doc/library/smtplib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/smtplib.rst @@ -349,10 +349,10 @@ An :class:SMTP instance has the follow :rfc:4954 "initial response" bytes which will be encoded and sent with the AUTH command as below. If the authobject() does not support an initial response (e.g. because it requires a challenge), it should return

• None when called with challenge=None. If initial_response_ok is
• false, then authobject() will not be called first with None.

• None when called with challenge=None. If initial_response_ok is
• false, then authobject() will not be called first with None.

• If the initial response check returns None, or if initial_response_ok is

• If the initial response check returns None, or if initial_response_ok is false, authobject() will be called to process the server's challenge response; the challenge argument it is passed will be a bytes. It should return bytes data that will be base64 encoded and sent to the @@ -382,8 +382,9 @@ An :class:SMTP instance has the follow If keyfile and certfile are provided, these are passed to the :mod:socket module's :func:ssl function.

• Optional context parameter is a :class:ssl.SSLContext object; This is an alternative to
• using a keyfile and a certfile and if specified both keyfile and certfile should be None.

• Optional context parameter is a :class:ssl.SSLContext object; This is
• an alternative to using a keyfile and a certfile and if specified both
• keyfile and certfile should be None. If there has been no previous EHLO or HELO command this session, this method tries ESMTP EHLO first.

--- a/Doc/library/socket.rst +++ b/Doc/library/socket.rst @@ -1400,10 +1400,10 @@ to sockets. Set the value of the given socket option (see the Unix manual page :manpage:setsockopt(2)). The needed symbolic constants are defined in the :mod:socket module (:const:SO_\* etc.). The value can be an integer,

• None or a :term:bytes-like object representing a buffer. In the later

• None or a :term:bytes-like object representing a buffer. In the later case it is up to the caller to ensure that the bytestring contains the proper bits (see the optional built-in module :mod:struct for a way to

• encode C structures as bytestrings). When value is set to None,

• encode C structures as bytestrings). When value is set to None, optlen argument is required. It's equivalent to call setsockopt C function with optval=NULL and optlen=optlen.

--- a/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst +++ b/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ Connection Objects called as the SQL function. The function can return any of the types supported by SQLite: bytes, str, int,

•  float and None.[](#l33.7)

•  float and ``None``.[](#l33.8)

Example: @@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ Connection Objects final result of the aggregate. The finalize method can return any of the types supported by SQLite:

•  bytes, str, int, float and None.[](#l33.16)

•  bytes, str, int, float and ``None``.[](#l33.17)

Example: @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ Connection Objects .. literalinclude:: ../includes/sqlite3/collation_reverse.py

•  To remove a collation, call ``create_collation`` with None as callable::[](#l33.25)

•  To remove a collation, call ``create_collation`` with ``None`` as callable::[](#l33.26)

con.create_collation("reverse", None) @@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ You can control which kind of BEGIN (or none at all) via the isolation_level parameter to the :func:connect call, or via the :attr:isolation_level property of connections. -If you want autocommit mode, then set :attr:isolation_level to None. +If you want autocommit mode, then set :attr:isolation_level to None. Otherwise leave it at its default, which will result in a plain "BEGIN" statement, or set it to one of SQLite's supported isolation levels: "DEFERRED",

--- a/Doc/library/ssl.rst +++ b/Doc/library/ssl.rst @@ -464,8 +464,8 @@ Certificate handling :meth:SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths. The return value is a :term:named tuple DefaultVerifyPaths:

• • :attr:cafile - resolved path to cafile or None if the file doesn't exist,
• • :attr:capath - resolved path to capath or None if the directory doesn't exist,

• • :attr:cafile - resolved path to cafile or None if the file doesn't exist,
• • :attr:capath - resolved path to capath or None if the directory doesn't exist,
  • :attr:openssl_cafile_env - OpenSSL's environment key that points to a cafile,
  • :attr:openssl_cafile - hard coded path to a cafile,
  • :attr:openssl_capath_env - OpenSSL's environment key that points to a capath,

--- a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst +++ b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst @@ -1756,13 +1756,13 @@ expression support in the :mod:re modu If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters (strings of length 1) to Unicode ordinals,

• strings (of arbitrary lengths) or None. Character keys will then be

• strings (of arbitrary lengths) or None. Character keys will then be converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string,

• whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.

• whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.

.. method:: str.partition(sep) @@ -3760,7 +3760,7 @@ copying. memory as an N-dimensional array. .. versionchanged:: 3.3

•     An empty tuple instead of None when ndim = 0.[](#l35.23)

•     An empty tuple instead of ``None`` when ndim = 0.[](#l35.24)

.. attribute:: strides @@ -3768,7 +3768,7 @@ copying. access each element for each dimension of the array. .. versionchanged:: 3.3

•     An empty tuple instead of None when ndim = 0.[](#l35.32)

•     An empty tuple instead of ``None`` when ndim = 0.[](#l35.33)

.. attribute:: suboffsets

--- a/Doc/library/string.rst +++ b/Doc/library/string.rst @@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ The available integer presentation types In addition to the above presentation types, integers can be formatted with the floating point presentation types listed below (except -'n' and None). When doing so, :func:float is used to convert the +'n' and None). When doing so, :func:float is used to convert the integer to a floating point number before formatting. The available presentation types for floating point and decimal values are:

--- a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst +++ b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst @@ -114,17 +114,17 @@ compatibility with older versions, see t .. attribute:: stdout Captured stdout from the child process. A bytes sequence, or a string if

•  :func:`run` was called with an encoding or errors. None if stdout was not[](#l37.7)

•  :func:`run` was called with an encoding or errors. ``None`` if stdout was not[](#l37.8)
   captured.[](#l37.9)

If you ran the process with stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, stdout and stderr will be combined in this attribute, and :attr:stderr will be

•  None.[](#l37.13)

•  ``None``.[](#l37.14)

.. attribute:: stderr Captured stderr from the child process. A bytes sequence, or a string if

•  :func:`run` was called with an encoding or errors. None if stderr was not[](#l37.19)

•  :func:`run` was called with an encoding or errors. ``None`` if stderr was not[](#l37.20)
   captured.[](#l37.21)

.. method:: check_returncode()

--- a/Doc/library/sys.rst +++ b/Doc/library/sys.rst @@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ always available. .. note:: Under some conditions stdin, stdout and stderr as well as the original values __stdin__, __stdout__ and __stderr__ can be

•   None. It is usually the case for Windows GUI apps that aren't connected[](#l38.7)

•   ``None``. It is usually the case for Windows GUI apps that aren't connected[](#l38.8)
    to a console and Python apps started with :program:`pythonw`.[](#l38.9)

--- a/Doc/library/test.rst +++ b/Doc/library/test.rst @@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ The :mod:test.support module defines t A context manager that creates a temporary directory at path and yields the directory.

• If path is None, the temporary directory is created using

• If path is None, the temporary directory is created using :func:tempfile.mkdtemp. If quiet is False, the context manager raises an exception on error. Otherwise, if path is specified and cannot be created, only a warning is issued. @@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ The :mod:test.support module defines t The context manager creates a temporary directory in the current directory with name name before temporarily changing the current

• working directory. If name is None, the temporary directory is

• working directory. If name is None, the temporary directory is created using :func:tempfile.mkdtemp. If quiet is False and it is not possible to create or change

--- a/Doc/library/threading.rst +++ b/Doc/library/threading.rst @@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ Semaphores also support the :ref:`contex without an argument would block, return false immediately; otherwise, do the same thing as when called without arguments, and return true.

•  When invoked with a *timeout* other than None, it will block for at[](#l40.7)

•  When invoked with a *timeout* other than ``None``, it will block for at[](#l40.8)
   most *timeout* seconds.  If acquire does not complete successfully in[](#l40.9)
   that interval, return false.  Return true otherwise.[](#l40.10)

@@ -854,8 +854,8 @@ For example:: Create a timer that will run function with arguments args and keyword arguments kwargs, after interval seconds have passed.

• If args is None (the default) then an empty list will be used.
• If kwargs is None (the default) then an empty dict will be used.

• If args is None (the default) then an empty list will be used.
• If kwargs is None (the default) then an empty dict will be used. .. versionchanged:: 3.3 changed from a factory function to a class.

--- a/Doc/library/timeit.rst +++ b/Doc/library/timeit.rst @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ The module defines three convenience fun 100, 1000, ...) up to a maximum of one billion, until the time taken is at least 0.2 second, or the maximum is reached.

•    If *callback* is given and is not *None*, it will be called after[](#l41.7)

•    If *callback* is given and is not ``None``, it will be called after[](#l41.8)
     each trial with two arguments: ``callback(number, time_taken)``.[](#l41.9)

.. versionadded:: 3.6

--- a/Doc/library/tkinter.ttk.rst +++ b/Doc/library/tkinter.ttk.rst @@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@ option. If you don't know the class name Layouts ^^^^^^^ -A layout can be just None, if it takes no options, or a dict of +A layout can be just None, if it takes no options, or a dict of options specifying how to arrange the element. The layout mechanism uses a simplified version of the pack geometry manager: given an initial cavity, each element is allocated a parcel. Valid

--- a/Doc/library/turtle.rst +++ b/Doc/library/turtle.rst @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ Turtle motion :param n: an integer (or None)

• Delete all or first/last n of turtle's stamps. If n is None, delete

• Delete all or first/last n of turtle's stamps. If n is None, delete all stamps, if n > 0 delete first n stamps, else if n < 0 delete last n stamps.

@@ -1799,7 +1799,7 @@ Input methods Pop up a dialog window for input of a string. Parameter title is the title of the dialog window, propmt is a text mostly describing what information to input.

• Return the string input. If the dialog is canceled, return None. ::

• Return the string input. If the dialog is canceled, return None. ::

  screen.textinput("NIM", "Name of first player:")

@@ -1819,7 +1819,7 @@ Input methods The number input must be in the range minval .. maxval if these are given. If not, a hint is issued and the dialog remains open for correction.

• Return the number input. If the dialog is canceled, return None. ::

• Return the number input. If the dialog is canceled, return None. ::

  screen.numinput("Poker", "Your stakes:", 1000, minval=10, maxval=10000)

@@ -1984,10 +1984,10 @@ Methods specific to Screen, not inherite :param height: if an integer, the height in pixels, if a float, a fraction of the screen; default is 75% of screen :param startx: if positive, starting position in pixels from the left

•              edge of the screen, if negative from the right edge, if None,[](#l43.34)

•              edge of the screen, if negative from the right edge, if ``None``,[](#l43.35)
               center window horizontally[](#l43.36)

  :param starty: if positive, starting position in pixels from the top

•              edge of the screen, if negative from the bottom edge, if None,[](#l43.38)

•              edge of the screen, if negative from the bottom edge, if ``None``,[](#l43.39)
               center window vertically[](#l43.40)

.. doctest::

--- a/Doc/library/typing.rst +++ b/Doc/library/typing.rst @@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ The module defines the following classes This is often the same as obj.__annotations__, but it handles forward references encoded as string literals, and if necessary

• adds Optional[t] if a default value equal to None is set.

• adds Optional[t] if a default value equal to None is set.

.. decorator:: overload

--- a/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst +++ b/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ the new_callable argument to :func:`pa .. versionadded:: 3.5

• • wraps: Item for the mock object to wrap. If wraps is not None then

• • wraps: Item for the mock object to wrap. If wraps is not None then calling the Mock will pass the call through to the wrapped object (returning the real result). Attribute access on the mock will return a Mock object that wraps the corresponding attribute of the wrapped

--- a/Doc/library/unittest.rst +++ b/Doc/library/unittest.rst @@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ Test cases .. method:: assertIsNone(expr, msg=None) assertIsNotNone(expr, msg=None)

•  Test that *expr* is (or is not) None.[](#l46.7)

•  Test that *expr* is (or is not) ``None``.[](#l46.8)

.. versionadded:: 3.1 @@ -1340,7 +1340,7 @@ Test cases methods that delegate to it), :meth:assertDictEqual and :meth:assertMultiLineEqual.

•  Setting ``maxDiff`` to None means that there is no maximum length of[](#l46.16)

•  Setting ``maxDiff`` to ``None`` means that there is no maximum length of[](#l46.17)
   diffs.[](#l46.18)

.. versionadded:: 3.2

--- a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst +++ b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst @@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ request. .. attribute:: Request.data

• The entity body for the request, or None if not specified.

• The entity body for the request, or None if not specified. .. versionchanged:: 3.4 Changing value of :attr:Request.data now deletes "Content-Length"

--- a/Doc/library/xml.sax.reader.rst +++ b/Doc/library/xml.sax.reader.rst @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ InputSource Objects Get the byte stream for this input source. The getEncoding method will return the character encoding for this byte stream,

• or None if unknown.

• or None if unknown.

.. method:: InputSource.setCharacterStream(charfile)

--- a/Doc/library/zipapp.rst +++ b/Doc/library/zipapp.rst @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ The module defines two convenience funct the archive will be written to that file. * If it is an open file object, the archive will be written to that file object, which must be open for writing in bytes mode.

• • If the target is omitted (or None), the source must be a directory

• • If the target is omitted (or None), the source must be a directory and the target will be a file with the same name as the source, with a .pyz extension added.

--- a/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst +++ b/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst @@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ Custom classes dictionary containing the class's namespace; :attr:~class.__bases__ is a tuple (possibly empty or a singleton) containing the base classes, in the order of their occurrence in the base class list; :attr:__doc__ is the

• class's documentation string, or None if undefined;

• class's documentation string, or None if undefined; :attr:__annotations__ (optional) is a dictionary containing :term:variable annotations <variable annotation> collected during class body execution.

--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst @@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ which is now deprecated. If specified, be a :term:keyword argument. The user-supplied filter function accepts a :class:~tarfile.TarInfo object and returns an updated :class:~tarfile.TarInfo object, or if it wants the file to be excluded, the -function can return None:: +function can return None:: >>> import tarfile, glob @@ -1488,7 +1488,7 @@ evaluating expression strings using the syntax. The :func:ast.literal_eval function serves as a secure alternative to the builtin :func:eval function which is easily abused. Python 3.2 adds :class:bytes and :class:set literals to the list of supported types: -strings, bytes, numbers, tuples, lists, dicts, sets, booleans, and None. +strings, bytes, numbers, tuples, lists, dicts, sets, booleans, and None. ::

--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ API changes

• The maximum number of dimensions is officially limited to 64.
• The representation of empty shape, strides and suboffsets is now

• an empty tuple instead of None.

• an empty tuple instead of None.

• Accessing a memoryview element with format 'B' (unsigned bytes) now returns an integer (in accordance with the struct module syntax).

--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ CPython implementation improvements:

• :ref:Safe object finalization <whatsnew-pep-442> (:pep:442).
• Leveraging :pep:442, in most cases :ref:`module globals are no longer set

• to None during finalization (:issue:18214`).

• to None during finalization (:issue:18214`).

• :ref:Configurable memory allocators <whatsnew-pep-445> (:pep:445).
• :ref:Argument Clinic <whatsnew-pep-436> (:pep:436).