Eiríkur Arnarson | University of Iceland (original) (raw)
Papers by Eiríkur Arnarson
Scandinavian journal of public health, Mar 22, 2024
Externalizing problems arising during adolescence are usually associated with the experience of n... more Externalizing problems arising during adolescence are usually associated with the experience of negative feelings. During this developmental stage, internalizing symptoms can also develop, and they occur with a higher prevalence in girls. Parents can be very important allies and useful alternatives in the identification of several aspects of internalizing/externalizing problems in childhood and adolescence. The main purpose of the current research was to obtain a deeper understanding of the relationships between externalizing and internalizing symptoms in adolescence, including analyses of the influence of gender on those relationships. The sample consisted of 1590 adolescents, between 12 and 16 years old, who completed the CDI to assess depressive symptoms, and their parents, who completed the CBCL, assessing externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Boys scored significantly higher on aggressiveness and hyperactivity, and girls reported higher values on the seven remaining dimensions of CBCL, internalizing index, and Total CDI. Effects sizes were small, however, and no differences were found for externalizing index. The internalizing index was positively, significantly, and moderately correlated with almost all the externalizing problems. The externalizing index, in turn, presented significant, positive and moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, obsessive-schizoid, withdrawal, and social problems. Externalizing problems successfully predicted internalizing problems (50,6% for girls versus 37,4% for boys). Opposition/Immaturity successfully predicted Internalizing Problems for both genders and aggressiveness was a significant predictor for girls only, though this relationship was weak (β = .066, p =.031). We also found a moderation effect for gender such that in higher levels of externalizing problems girls had more internalizing problems; this was not obtained for boys. The findings increase our knowledge of the interplay between externalizing, internalizing problems and gender, and can help optimizing interventions to prevent and treat the co-morbid internalizing and externalizing problems.
The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2010
Psychologists in Iceland have been trained in various countries. An undergraduate course in psych... more Psychologists in Iceland have been trained in various countries. An undergraduate course in psychology was started at the University of Iceland, Reykjavik, in 1971 and at the University of Akureyri in the north of Iceland in 2003. Icelandic psychologists had to go abroad for their post-graduate training in psychology until 1999, when a post-graduate professional training program in psychology at the masters level was begun at the University of Iceland. Initially most Icelandic psychologists completed their training in Denmark, but later they sought their training in other countries, including Norway, Sweden, Germany, France, England, Scotland, the United States, Canada, and Australia. Keywords: cross-cultural psychology; Iceland; international psychology; psychology abroad
... I bandarískri rannsókn var boriõ saman heilsufarsástand fólks sem hlotiõ hafõi litla skerõing... more ... I bandarískri rannsókn var boriõ saman heilsufarsástand fólks sem hlotiõ hafõi litla skerõingu í kjölfar heilablóõfalls viõ tvo samanburõarhópa ... Abstract Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) differ from cerebral infarcts in that symptoms associated with TIA are short lived resolving ...
Behaviour Research and Therapy, Jul 1, 2009
... to various phases of the completion of this project: Inga Hrefna Jónsdóttir, Hulda Sólrún Guð... more ... to various phases of the completion of this project: Inga Hrefna Jónsdóttir, Hulda Sólrún Guðmundsdóttir, Margrét Ólafsdóttir, Hafdís Kjartansdóttir, Arnfríður Kjartansdóttir, Brynjólfur Brynjólfsson, Lára H. Halldórsdóttir, Guðrún Lilja Eysteinsdóttir, Ágústa Gunnarsdóttir, Fjóla Dögg ...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna... more Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open) Við meðferð á geðtruflunum er beitt margvíslegum meðferðarformum. Eitt þeirra er sálræn meðferð (psykóþerapía). Á seinni arum hafa kröfur aukist um að meðferð sýni árangur, í hvaða formi sem hún er. Rannsóknir hafa farið fram á árangri nokkurra tegunda sálrænnar meðferðar. Ýmsir erfiðleikar hafa komið fram við þessar rannsóknir. Markmið ólíkra meðferðarforma geta verið mismunandi og torveldað samanburð. Sumar niðurstöður má meta á hlutlægan hátt en aðrar ekki. Má taka sem dæmi meðferð flughræðslu. Geti einstaklingur ferðast með flugvél án óþæginda að lokinni meðferð má segja að meðferð hafi borið árangur. Erfiðara er að meta árangur, sé markmiðið að bæta tengsli milli hjóna, bæta sjálfsímynd eða breyta persónuleika. Venjan hefur verið að sá sem meðferð stundar og/eða sjúklingur meti bata eftir að meðferð lýkur og það notað til vitnis um árangur meðferðar. Ýmislegt mælir gegn ...
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2007
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2008
To estimate the prognostic value of injury severity, location of event, and demographic parameter... more To estimate the prognostic value of injury severity, location of event, and demographic parameters, for symptoms of pediatric traumatic head injury (THI) 4 years later. Methods: Data were collected prospectively from Reykjavik City Hospital on all patients age 0-19 years, diagnosed with THI (n = 408) during one year. Information was collected on patient demographics, location of traumatic event, cause of injury, injury severity, and ICD-9 diagnosis. Injury severity was estimated according to the Head Injury Severity Scale (HISS). Four years post-injury, a questionnaire on late symptoms attributed to the THI was sent. Results: Symptoms reported were more common among patients with moderate/severe THI than among others (p Ͻ 0.001). The event location had prognostic value (p Ͻ 0.05). Overall, 72% of patients with moderate/severe motor vehicle-related THI reported symptoms. There was a curvilinear age effect (p Ͻ 0.05). Symptoms were least frequent in the youngest age group, 0-4 years, and most frequent in the age group 5-14 years. Gender and urban/rural residence were not signifi cantly related to symptoms. Conclusions: Motor vehicle related moderate/severe THI resulted in a high rate of late symptoms. Location had a prognostic value. Patients with motor vehicle-related THI need special consideration regardless of injury severity.
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna... more Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open) Flughræðsla er ein algengasta tegund fælni. Erlendar kannanir sýna að fimmti til tíundi hver fullorðinn er flughræddur og mun fleirum er ekkert vel við þennan ferðamáta – þó að þeir láti sig hafa það. Konur eru frekar flughræddar en karlar og algengast er þetta ástand á aldrinum frá tvítugu til fertugs. Hefur það verið tengt ábyrgðartilfinningu foreldra sem eru á þessu aldursskeiði þegar börnin þurfa mest á þeim að halda. Flughrætt fólk er oft vel gefið, hefur náð árangri í lífinu og vill gera allt vel.
Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2006
ABSTRACT DeRubeis et al. (this issue) offer a data-based critique of two arguments frequently pre... more ABSTRACT DeRubeis et al. (this issue) offer a data-based critique of two arguments frequently presented in support of the “nonspecifics” hypothesis. This commentary supports their report of superior effects for specific treatments for specific disorders and provides some additional data to support their position. We maintain, however, that current research has not adequately evaluated nonspecific effects so that theoretical conclusions can be drawn regarding the mechanisms of change of the superior treatments. DeRubeis et al. present some data to suggest that nonspecific effects, particularly the therapeutic alliance, are a result of therapy outcome rather than causal in therapeutic change. We argue, to the contrary, that adequate research remains to be done regarding nonspecific effects, and when that research is completed, what are now called nonspecific effects will be more aptly labeled previously unspecified effects.
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 1988
Starting in 1983, biochemical and hematological screening, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean... more Starting in 1983, biochemical and hematological screening, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean red cell hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, ESR, serum creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, ASAT (SGOT), ALAT (SGPT), G-GT and blood glucose, was performed in all Icelandic captains, copilots, flight engineers, and air traffic controllers. No hematological abnormalities were observed. One pilot had serum creatinine above 150 mmol.L-1; 48 airmen had serum cholesterol above 8.9 mmol.L-1; 15 had blood glucose above 7.9 mmol.L-1. The pilots had significantly lower serum triglycerides, ALAT, and ASAT than the captains. Fifty airmen had G-GT values above 50 IU.L-1. This group was urged to reconsider their alcohol habits and given medical and psychological advice as indicated. In this group the mean G-GT fell from 89 to 37 IU.L-1 during a period of approximately 2 years. No change in G-GT values was observed in those airmen who had a normal initial value. Th...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna... more Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open)Kvíði og spenna eru algeng vandkvæði. Talið er að einn einstaklingur af hverjum tíu leiti sér aðstoðar vegna einkenna um kvíða einhvern tíma á ævinni. Oft eru notuð kvíðastillandi lyf, róandi lyf eða svefnlyf til að slá á einkennin. Þótt lyfin hjálpi um stundarsakir þverra áhrif þeirra með tímanum og erfitt getur verið að hætta notkun þeirra. Rannsóknir hafa leitt í ljós hvernig kenna megi fólki að takast sjálft á við spennu og kvíða án lyfja. Þéssum aðferðum má líkja við að læra að aka bíl eða að leika á hljóðfæri. Þær gera kröfur til æfinga til að ná færni. Hér verður greint frá aðferðum til sjálfshjálpar og byrjað á að útskýra kvíðaeinkenni og hvað veldur þeim
European Psychiatry, Jun 1, 2022
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2020
Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence of hospital visits and nature of in... more Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence of hospital visits and nature of injuries caused by intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and associated costs. Methods: All visits to Landspitali National University Hospital by women 18 years or older subjected to IPV, inflicted by a current or former male partner during 2005–2014, were observed and analysed. Information was obtained on number, date and time of visits and admissions, place of occurrence, patients’ and perpetrators’ age and relationship, number of perpetrators, medical diagnosis, aetiology, injury severity and cost. Results: The number of new hospital visits due to IPV was 1454, of which 92.6% were to the Emergency Department. The average age of the women was 34 years and 3.2% were admitted. According to the Injury Severity Score, physical injuries were mostly minor (92.4%) and mainly located on the upper body (64.3%) – namely, face, head and neck (37.1%) and upper limbs (27.2%). The majority of ...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenF... more Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenFarið var yfir öll skráð símtöl sem borist höfðu barna og unglingasíma Rauðakrosshússins frá opnun árið 1987 alls 26.837. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var meðal annars að kanna símahegðun og ástæður símhringinga ungmenna og fullorðinna. Skráningablað símaþjónustu Rauðakrosshússins var notað sem mælitæki, sem skiptist í tvo hluta: almennar upplýsingar um símhringjanda og ástæður hringingar. Í samræmi við niðurstöður annarra rannsókna hringdu mun fleiri stúlkur en piltar. Meðalaldur í hópi barna og unglinga var 14 ár, en 36 ár meðal fullorðinna. Helmingur þeirra sem hringdu í hópi barna og unglinga var utan af landi (49%). Skýring kann að vera að félagsleg þjónusta sé í lágmarki í dreifbýli og persónuleg nálægð folks valdi því að unglingur kjósi frekar að leita með vandamál sin til utanaðkomandi aðila. Flest börn og unglingar hringdu á milli 12 og 16 í símaþjónustuna eftir skóla þegar foreldrar ...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenF... more Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenFramkvæmd var póstkönnun árið 1987 þar sem meðal annars var spurt um ótta Íslendinga við sjúkdóma. Sendir voru ítarlegir spurningalistar til 1000 Íslendinga á aldrinum 16-75 ára sem valdir voru af handahófi úr þjóðskrá. Svarhlutfall var 77,5%. Niðurstöður leiða í ljós að nokkur munur var á ótta karla og kvenna við sjúkdóma. Konur óttuðust krabbamein mest, síðan alnæmi og þar næst hjarta- og æðasjúkdóma. Álíka margir karlmenn óttuðust krabbamein og alnæmi en heldur færri hjarta- og æðasjúkdóma. Ótti við þá sjúkdóma sem menn hræddust frekar var verulega háður hjúskaparstöðu, en að litlu leyti háður menntun. Ótti við alnæmi virtist mestur meðal yngstu aldurshópanna 16-29 ára, en ótti við krabbamein og hjarta- og æðasjúkdóma mestur meðal þeirra sem voru á aldrinum 30-59 ára. Með tilliti til þeirrar umræðu sem fram hefur farið um alnæmi er athyglisvert að karlmenn óttuðust alnæmi jafn mikið og...
Scandinavian journal of public health, Mar 22, 2024
Externalizing problems arising during adolescence are usually associated with the experience of n... more Externalizing problems arising during adolescence are usually associated with the experience of negative feelings. During this developmental stage, internalizing symptoms can also develop, and they occur with a higher prevalence in girls. Parents can be very important allies and useful alternatives in the identification of several aspects of internalizing/externalizing problems in childhood and adolescence. The main purpose of the current research was to obtain a deeper understanding of the relationships between externalizing and internalizing symptoms in adolescence, including analyses of the influence of gender on those relationships. The sample consisted of 1590 adolescents, between 12 and 16 years old, who completed the CDI to assess depressive symptoms, and their parents, who completed the CBCL, assessing externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Boys scored significantly higher on aggressiveness and hyperactivity, and girls reported higher values on the seven remaining dimensions of CBCL, internalizing index, and Total CDI. Effects sizes were small, however, and no differences were found for externalizing index. The internalizing index was positively, significantly, and moderately correlated with almost all the externalizing problems. The externalizing index, in turn, presented significant, positive and moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, obsessive-schizoid, withdrawal, and social problems. Externalizing problems successfully predicted internalizing problems (50,6% for girls versus 37,4% for boys). Opposition/Immaturity successfully predicted Internalizing Problems for both genders and aggressiveness was a significant predictor for girls only, though this relationship was weak (β = .066, p =.031). We also found a moderation effect for gender such that in higher levels of externalizing problems girls had more internalizing problems; this was not obtained for boys. The findings increase our knowledge of the interplay between externalizing, internalizing problems and gender, and can help optimizing interventions to prevent and treat the co-morbid internalizing and externalizing problems.
The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2010
Psychologists in Iceland have been trained in various countries. An undergraduate course in psych... more Psychologists in Iceland have been trained in various countries. An undergraduate course in psychology was started at the University of Iceland, Reykjavik, in 1971 and at the University of Akureyri in the north of Iceland in 2003. Icelandic psychologists had to go abroad for their post-graduate training in psychology until 1999, when a post-graduate professional training program in psychology at the masters level was begun at the University of Iceland. Initially most Icelandic psychologists completed their training in Denmark, but later they sought their training in other countries, including Norway, Sweden, Germany, France, England, Scotland, the United States, Canada, and Australia. Keywords: cross-cultural psychology; Iceland; international psychology; psychology abroad
... I bandarískri rannsókn var boriõ saman heilsufarsástand fólks sem hlotiõ hafõi litla skerõing... more ... I bandarískri rannsókn var boriõ saman heilsufarsástand fólks sem hlotiõ hafõi litla skerõingu í kjölfar heilablóõfalls viõ tvo samanburõarhópa ... Abstract Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) differ from cerebral infarcts in that symptoms associated with TIA are short lived resolving ...
Behaviour Research and Therapy, Jul 1, 2009
... to various phases of the completion of this project: Inga Hrefna Jónsdóttir, Hulda Sólrún Guð... more ... to various phases of the completion of this project: Inga Hrefna Jónsdóttir, Hulda Sólrún Guðmundsdóttir, Margrét Ólafsdóttir, Hafdís Kjartansdóttir, Arnfríður Kjartansdóttir, Brynjólfur Brynjólfsson, Lára H. Halldórsdóttir, Guðrún Lilja Eysteinsdóttir, Ágústa Gunnarsdóttir, Fjóla Dögg ...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna... more Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open) Við meðferð á geðtruflunum er beitt margvíslegum meðferðarformum. Eitt þeirra er sálræn meðferð (psykóþerapía). Á seinni arum hafa kröfur aukist um að meðferð sýni árangur, í hvaða formi sem hún er. Rannsóknir hafa farið fram á árangri nokkurra tegunda sálrænnar meðferðar. Ýmsir erfiðleikar hafa komið fram við þessar rannsóknir. Markmið ólíkra meðferðarforma geta verið mismunandi og torveldað samanburð. Sumar niðurstöður má meta á hlutlægan hátt en aðrar ekki. Má taka sem dæmi meðferð flughræðslu. Geti einstaklingur ferðast með flugvél án óþæginda að lokinni meðferð má segja að meðferð hafi borið árangur. Erfiðara er að meta árangur, sé markmiðið að bæta tengsli milli hjóna, bæta sjálfsímynd eða breyta persónuleika. Venjan hefur verið að sá sem meðferð stundar og/eða sjúklingur meti bata eftir að meðferð lýkur og það notað til vitnis um árangur meðferðar. Ýmislegt mælir gegn ...
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2007
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2008
To estimate the prognostic value of injury severity, location of event, and demographic parameter... more To estimate the prognostic value of injury severity, location of event, and demographic parameters, for symptoms of pediatric traumatic head injury (THI) 4 years later. Methods: Data were collected prospectively from Reykjavik City Hospital on all patients age 0-19 years, diagnosed with THI (n = 408) during one year. Information was collected on patient demographics, location of traumatic event, cause of injury, injury severity, and ICD-9 diagnosis. Injury severity was estimated according to the Head Injury Severity Scale (HISS). Four years post-injury, a questionnaire on late symptoms attributed to the THI was sent. Results: Symptoms reported were more common among patients with moderate/severe THI than among others (p Ͻ 0.001). The event location had prognostic value (p Ͻ 0.05). Overall, 72% of patients with moderate/severe motor vehicle-related THI reported symptoms. There was a curvilinear age effect (p Ͻ 0.05). Symptoms were least frequent in the youngest age group, 0-4 years, and most frequent in the age group 5-14 years. Gender and urban/rural residence were not signifi cantly related to symptoms. Conclusions: Motor vehicle related moderate/severe THI resulted in a high rate of late symptoms. Location had a prognostic value. Patients with motor vehicle-related THI need special consideration regardless of injury severity.
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna... more Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open) Flughræðsla er ein algengasta tegund fælni. Erlendar kannanir sýna að fimmti til tíundi hver fullorðinn er flughræddur og mun fleirum er ekkert vel við þennan ferðamáta – þó að þeir láti sig hafa það. Konur eru frekar flughræddar en karlar og algengast er þetta ástand á aldrinum frá tvítugu til fertugs. Hefur það verið tengt ábyrgðartilfinningu foreldra sem eru á þessu aldursskeiði þegar börnin þurfa mest á þeim að halda. Flughrætt fólk er oft vel gefið, hefur náð árangri í lífinu og vill gera allt vel.
Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2006
ABSTRACT DeRubeis et al. (this issue) offer a data-based critique of two arguments frequently pre... more ABSTRACT DeRubeis et al. (this issue) offer a data-based critique of two arguments frequently presented in support of the “nonspecifics” hypothesis. This commentary supports their report of superior effects for specific treatments for specific disorders and provides some additional data to support their position. We maintain, however, that current research has not adequately evaluated nonspecific effects so that theoretical conclusions can be drawn regarding the mechanisms of change of the superior treatments. DeRubeis et al. present some data to suggest that nonspecific effects, particularly the therapeutic alliance, are a result of therapy outcome rather than causal in therapeutic change. We argue, to the contrary, that adequate research remains to be done regarding nonspecific effects, and when that research is completed, what are now called nonspecific effects will be more aptly labeled previously unspecified effects.
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 1988
Starting in 1983, biochemical and hematological screening, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean... more Starting in 1983, biochemical and hematological screening, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean red cell hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, ESR, serum creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, ASAT (SGOT), ALAT (SGPT), G-GT and blood glucose, was performed in all Icelandic captains, copilots, flight engineers, and air traffic controllers. No hematological abnormalities were observed. One pilot had serum creatinine above 150 mmol.L-1; 48 airmen had serum cholesterol above 8.9 mmol.L-1; 15 had blood glucose above 7.9 mmol.L-1. The pilots had significantly lower serum triglycerides, ALAT, and ASAT than the captains. Fifty airmen had G-GT values above 50 IU.L-1. This group was urged to reconsider their alcohol habits and given medical and psychological advice as indicated. In this group the mean G-GT fell from 89 to 37 IU.L-1 during a period of approximately 2 years. No change in G-GT values was observed in those airmen who had a normal initial value. Th...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna... more Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open)Kvíði og spenna eru algeng vandkvæði. Talið er að einn einstaklingur af hverjum tíu leiti sér aðstoðar vegna einkenna um kvíða einhvern tíma á ævinni. Oft eru notuð kvíðastillandi lyf, róandi lyf eða svefnlyf til að slá á einkennin. Þótt lyfin hjálpi um stundarsakir þverra áhrif þeirra með tímanum og erfitt getur verið að hætta notkun þeirra. Rannsóknir hafa leitt í ljós hvernig kenna megi fólki að takast sjálft á við spennu og kvíða án lyfja. Þéssum aðferðum má líkja við að læra að aka bíl eða að leika á hljóðfæri. Þær gera kröfur til æfinga til að ná færni. Hér verður greint frá aðferðum til sjálfshjálpar og byrjað á að útskýra kvíðaeinkenni og hvað veldur þeim
European Psychiatry, Jun 1, 2022
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2020
Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence of hospital visits and nature of in... more Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence of hospital visits and nature of injuries caused by intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and associated costs. Methods: All visits to Landspitali National University Hospital by women 18 years or older subjected to IPV, inflicted by a current or former male partner during 2005–2014, were observed and analysed. Information was obtained on number, date and time of visits and admissions, place of occurrence, patients’ and perpetrators’ age and relationship, number of perpetrators, medical diagnosis, aetiology, injury severity and cost. Results: The number of new hospital visits due to IPV was 1454, of which 92.6% were to the Emergency Department. The average age of the women was 34 years and 3.2% were admitted. According to the Injury Severity Score, physical injuries were mostly minor (92.4%) and mainly located on the upper body (64.3%) – namely, face, head and neck (37.1%) and upper limbs (27.2%). The majority of ...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenF... more Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenFarið var yfir öll skráð símtöl sem borist höfðu barna og unglingasíma Rauðakrosshússins frá opnun árið 1987 alls 26.837. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var meðal annars að kanna símahegðun og ástæður símhringinga ungmenna og fullorðinna. Skráningablað símaþjónustu Rauðakrosshússins var notað sem mælitæki, sem skiptist í tvo hluta: almennar upplýsingar um símhringjanda og ástæður hringingar. Í samræmi við niðurstöður annarra rannsókna hringdu mun fleiri stúlkur en piltar. Meðalaldur í hópi barna og unglinga var 14 ár, en 36 ár meðal fullorðinna. Helmingur þeirra sem hringdu í hópi barna og unglinga var utan af landi (49%). Skýring kann að vera að félagsleg þjónusta sé í lágmarki í dreifbýli og persónuleg nálægð folks valdi því að unglingur kjósi frekar að leita með vandamál sin til utanaðkomandi aðila. Flest börn og unglingar hringdu á milli 12 og 16 í símaþjónustuna eftir skóla þegar foreldrar ...
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenF... more Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenFramkvæmd var póstkönnun árið 1987 þar sem meðal annars var spurt um ótta Íslendinga við sjúkdóma. Sendir voru ítarlegir spurningalistar til 1000 Íslendinga á aldrinum 16-75 ára sem valdir voru af handahófi úr þjóðskrá. Svarhlutfall var 77,5%. Niðurstöður leiða í ljós að nokkur munur var á ótta karla og kvenna við sjúkdóma. Konur óttuðust krabbamein mest, síðan alnæmi og þar næst hjarta- og æðasjúkdóma. Álíka margir karlmenn óttuðust krabbamein og alnæmi en heldur færri hjarta- og æðasjúkdóma. Ótti við þá sjúkdóma sem menn hræddust frekar var verulega háður hjúskaparstöðu, en að litlu leyti háður menntun. Ótti við alnæmi virtist mestur meðal yngstu aldurshópanna 16-29 ára, en ótti við krabbamein og hjarta- og æðasjúkdóma mestur meðal þeirra sem voru á aldrinum 30-59 ára. Með tilliti til þeirrar umræðu sem fram hefur farið um alnæmi er athyglisvert að karlmenn óttuðust alnæmi jafn mikið og...