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Papers by Atta ur Rehman Shah

Research paper thumbnail of Synergistic effect of aluminum trihydrate and zirconium hydroxide nanoparticles on mechanical properties, flammability, and thermal degradation of polyester/jute fiber composite

Research paper thumbnail of A Comparative study between ASME and industrial strategy for gasketed bolted flange joints using torque control method: FEA Approach

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanical and Biodegradable Properties of Jute/Flax Reinforced PLA Composites

Green composites possessing biodegradable or recyclable characteristics have gained interest in r... more Green composites possessing biodegradable or recyclable characteristics have gained interest in recent years due to their ecofriendly, sustainable and lightweight characteristics over the conventional plastic-based materials. In this study, flax and jute natural fibers have been used individually and as hybrid reinforcement into Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) matrix. The composites developed are suitable to be used in biodegradable products in packaging and automobile industries. Hot press compression molding was used to fabricate samples of PLA/flax, PLA/jute and PLA/flax/jute (hybrid composites). The concentration of natural fibers in individual fiber-based composites was varied (between 0–50 %) by weight to investigate its effect on tensile and impact properties. Maximum tensile properties were obtained for 40 wt% single-fiber reinforced into PLA. This reinforcement content (40 wt%) was used as reference for hybrid composites. Hybrid composites were fabricated with different combinations...

Research paper thumbnail of A study on finite element of pre damaged stress concentration factor for a composite laminate member with central circular

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology

Research paper thumbnail of Current advances in the fire retardancy of natural fiber and bio-based composites – A review

International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology

Research paper thumbnail of Improved flame-retardant and tensile properties of thermoplastic starch/flax fabric green composites

Carbohydrate Polymers

This article highlights the development of biodegradable flame-retardant composites using a compr... more This article highlights the development of biodegradable flame-retardant composites using a compression technique on low-cost starch, flax fabric (FF) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) raw materials. The starch was plasticized into thermoplastic starch through a mechano-ball milling process and composites were developed by reinforcing the FF and incorporating varying amounts of APP. The effects of APP on the flammability and thermal properties of the composites were studied. Limited oxygen index and horizontal-burning tests exhibited significant sustainability of the composites toward flame and direct flame self-extinguishment. It was observed that at higher temperatures, APP leads to formation of thermally stable char. The flame retardant properties of the composites were speculated to be due to the protective compact crosslinked network (POP and POC) of the char. The reported effects of APP include improvement in mechanical and biodegradation properties. This investigation provides the design of novel flame-retardant green composites with excellent properties.

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on the Flammability and Flame Retardant Properties of Natural Fibers and Polymer Matrix Based Composites

Composites Research, 2015

Natural fibers reinforced polymer composites are being used in several low strength applications.... more Natural fibers reinforced polymer composites are being used in several low strength applications. More research is going on to improve their mechanical and interface properties for structural applications. However, these composites have serious issues regarding flammability, which are not being focused broadly. A limited amount of literature has been published on the flame retardant techniques and flammability factor of natural fibers based polymer matrix composites. Therefore, it is needed to address the flammability properties of natural fibers based polymer composites to expand their application area. This paper summarizes some of the recent literature published on the subject of flammability and flame retardant methods applied to natural fibers reinforced polymer matrix composites. Different factors affecting the flammability, flame retardant solutions, mechanisms and characterization techniques have been discussed in detail.

Research paper thumbnail of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Waste Ground Nut-shell Reinforced Polyester Composites

Composites Research, 2015

In the current study explain about the bio-based composites made by groundnut shell as reinforcem... more In the current study explain about the bio-based composites made by groundnut shell as reinforcement with polyester resin matrix. Groundnut shell is an abundantly available natural waste byproduct and poly ester resin is widely used to fabricate of composites for good balance of mechanical properties because it is relatively low price and ease of handling. Evaluate the mechanical properties of manufactured groundnut shell/polyester composites by varying the amounts (wt %) of groundnut shell. Particulate shell reinforced polyester composites incorporating varying amounts of groundnut shell (5, 10, 15 and 20%) were characterized for their tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. The mechanical properties improved with increasing particle loading up to 15% and decreased thereafter. Increasing in strength with increased particle shell loading was attributed to increase in surface area which enhanced load transfer between the polyester matrix and ground shall particulates. Scanning electron microscopic studies have been carried out to study the morphology of the composite. Thermal studies and water absorption properties of the composites also studied in this paper.

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of particle size and surface treatment of filler on the properties of oyster shell powder filled polypropylene composites

Research paper thumbnail of An Investigation on the Effect of Silica Aerogel Content on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Sisal/PLA Nano Composites

Polymer Composites, 2016

In this research work, the authors proposed to prepare sisal/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites w... more In this research work, the authors proposed to prepare sisal/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with various amounts of silica aerogel (SAG) particles and studied the effect of aerogel content on the mechanical properties and thermal properties. Characterization of the composites in the presence and absence of aerogel particles were studied by Differential scanning calorimeter and Thermogravimetric analysis analysis. The dispersion trend of SAG particles and interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fibers were assessed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs of the surface and fractured surface of the composites, respectively. The thermal degradation temperatures of PLA/Sisal composites were increased by compounding with SAG particle. The tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus and water sorption increased with SAG content in the range of 0 to 2 wt%. However, NaOH (5 wt%) treated sisal fiber nanocomposites imparts superior mechanical properties than those of untreated ones. The fracture surface morphologies showed that the SAG particles are uniformly dispersed in PLA matrix. The results obtained by SEM confirmed that the interfacial adhesion between SAG and PLA matrix was good. Biodegradation studies were also performed to study the effect of SAG particles on degradation rate of the composites. Results indicated that the addition of SAG particles improved the overall performance of the composites including their thermal stability and mechanical properties. This work provides us the exploratory idea of using SAG particles as additives in biodegradable composites for possible applications, such as interior parts of automobiles and marine industry etc. POLYM. COMPOS., 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on the Flammability and Flame Retardant Properties of Natural Fibers and Polymer Matrix Based Composites

Natural fibers reinforced polymer composites are being used in several low strength applications.... more Natural fibers reinforced polymer composites are being used in several low strength applications. More research is going on to improve their mechanical and interface properties for structural applications. However, these composites have serious issues regarding flammability, which are not being focused broadly. A limited amount of literature has been published on the flame retardant techniques and flammability factor of natural fibers based polymer matrix composites. Therefore, it is needed to address the flammability properties of natural fibers based polymer composites to expand their application area. This paper summarizes some of the recent literature published on the subject of flammability and flame retardant methods applied to natural fibers reinforced polymer matrix composites. Different factors affecting the flammability, flame retardant solutions, mechanisms and characterization techniques have been discussed in detail.

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication and characterization of eggshell powder particles fused wheat protein isolate green composite for packaging applications

Polymer Composites, 2015

ABSTRACT Ample biodegradable eggshell powder (ESP)/wheat protein isolate (WPI) composite films we... more ABSTRACT Ample biodegradable eggshell powder (ESP)/wheat protein isolate (WPI) composite films were made by solution casting method of altering the WPI solution and fused with ESP particles in the percentage of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40% (w/w) and asses the properties, i.e., physical, mechanical, and thermal as a function of ESP concentration. Determine the unification of ESP particles into the WPI matrix by X-ray diffraction, fluorescence spectra, and SEM analysis. The data clearly showed the successful incorporation of ESP particles and good compatibility with the WPI and also mechanical properties and thermal stability of composite film increasing with the increasing ratio of ESP. Microstructural evaluation confirmed the aggregation and distribution of ESP particles within the WPI matrix and validated the results of functional properties of the WPI/ESP film. The results confirmed that the composite films have potential applications in the field of food and medicinal packaging especially for photosensitive medicines in a very simple and cheap way. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Research paper thumbnail of Static, Harmonic and Fatigue Analysis of Casing Oscillator

Casing oscillators are used to extract rocks and soil from depth of the earth during foundation w... more Casing oscillators are used to extract rocks and soil from depth of the earth during foundation work of buildings, bridges and drilling operations. Hydraulic piston cylinders are used in this equipment to produce torque for shaking of the pipe inside the drill hole. Due to the consistent torque loadings the oscillator is always under a vibrating load of known frequency. Hence there occurs fatigue failure in some parts of the machinery. This study is a finite element analysis of an existing design of the casing oscillator under the operating conditions. Static, harmonic and fatigue analyses are performed under real loadings. Critical areas of the design and fatigue life of the components are predicted.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of diamond-like-carbon coated abaca-reinforced polyester composites for hydrophobic and outdoor structural applications

Polymer Bulletin, 2015

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of concentration of ATH on mechanical properties of polypropylene/aluminium trihydrate (PP/ATH) composite

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2014

ABSTRACT Aluminium trihydrate (ATH) is being extensively added to polypropylene (PP) to make a fi... more ABSTRACT Aluminium trihydrate (ATH) is being extensively added to polypropylene (PP) to make a fire retardant composite. Blends of PP/ATH composite are more fire resistant as compared to pure PP. Percentage proportion of both the constituents in the final composite depends upon the application. Improvement in the fire retardant properties of such composites have been studied and published in literature but effects on mechanical strength have not been addressed. The effect of concentration of ATH on the strength of PP/ATH composite was presented. The tensile, flexural and fracture properties were studied and discussed. Experimental tests, ASTM analytical formulae and finite element approach were used. It has been found that increase in ATH has an inverse effect on the mechanical strength.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of biowaste encapsulated polypropylene composites: Thermal, optical, dielectric, flame retardant, mechanical, and morphological properties

Polymer Composites, 2015

ABSTRACT Polymer matrix composites have recently gained attraction due to their light weight, low... more ABSTRACT Polymer matrix composites have recently gained attraction due to their light weight, low cost, and easy availability , but they are also known for their higher burning rate and low thermal stability. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most used thermoplastic polymers, its thermal stability and flammability have been modified in this study by incorporation of oyster shell powder (OSP) into PP as a filler. Besides flammability and thermal properties , OSP incorporation has some effects on dielectric and mechanical properties of PP. Effect of concentration of OSP (0–50 wt%) on the properties of OSP/PP composites was studied. The burning rate was observed to decrease while thermal stability was increased as a result of OSP addition into PP. Similarly, relative permit-tivity (dielectric constant) of OSP/PP composites was found higher than that of pure PP. Flame retardancy, thermal stability, and dielectric properties are functions of OSP concentration. Optical tests including fluores-cence spectroscopy and FT-IR were conducted to study any possible interactions between OSP and PP. A slight decrease in the tensile strength was observed. FESEM images revealed that the decrease in tensile strength is a result of interfacial flaws between filler particles and matrix. Tensile modulus was found to increase which is an evidence of stiffness, this is also correlated to the improvement in thermal stability.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of a Gasketed Bolted pipe Flanged Joint under Bolt up, Internal Pressure and Harmonic Bending Loading

Proceeding of Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers, Autumn Conference 2012, Page 145

Research paper thumbnail of Synergistic effect of aluminum trihydrate and zirconium hydroxide nanoparticles on mechanical properties, flammability, and thermal degradation of polyester/jute fiber composite

Research paper thumbnail of A Comparative study between ASME and industrial strategy for gasketed bolted flange joints using torque control method: FEA Approach

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanical and Biodegradable Properties of Jute/Flax Reinforced PLA Composites

Green composites possessing biodegradable or recyclable characteristics have gained interest in r... more Green composites possessing biodegradable or recyclable characteristics have gained interest in recent years due to their ecofriendly, sustainable and lightweight characteristics over the conventional plastic-based materials. In this study, flax and jute natural fibers have been used individually and as hybrid reinforcement into Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) matrix. The composites developed are suitable to be used in biodegradable products in packaging and automobile industries. Hot press compression molding was used to fabricate samples of PLA/flax, PLA/jute and PLA/flax/jute (hybrid composites). The concentration of natural fibers in individual fiber-based composites was varied (between 0–50 %) by weight to investigate its effect on tensile and impact properties. Maximum tensile properties were obtained for 40 wt% single-fiber reinforced into PLA. This reinforcement content (40 wt%) was used as reference for hybrid composites. Hybrid composites were fabricated with different combinations...

Research paper thumbnail of A study on finite element of pre damaged stress concentration factor for a composite laminate member with central circular

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology

Research paper thumbnail of Current advances in the fire retardancy of natural fiber and bio-based composites – A review

International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology

Research paper thumbnail of Improved flame-retardant and tensile properties of thermoplastic starch/flax fabric green composites

Carbohydrate Polymers

This article highlights the development of biodegradable flame-retardant composites using a compr... more This article highlights the development of biodegradable flame-retardant composites using a compression technique on low-cost starch, flax fabric (FF) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) raw materials. The starch was plasticized into thermoplastic starch through a mechano-ball milling process and composites were developed by reinforcing the FF and incorporating varying amounts of APP. The effects of APP on the flammability and thermal properties of the composites were studied. Limited oxygen index and horizontal-burning tests exhibited significant sustainability of the composites toward flame and direct flame self-extinguishment. It was observed that at higher temperatures, APP leads to formation of thermally stable char. The flame retardant properties of the composites were speculated to be due to the protective compact crosslinked network (POP and POC) of the char. The reported effects of APP include improvement in mechanical and biodegradation properties. This investigation provides the design of novel flame-retardant green composites with excellent properties.

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on the Flammability and Flame Retardant Properties of Natural Fibers and Polymer Matrix Based Composites

Composites Research, 2015

Natural fibers reinforced polymer composites are being used in several low strength applications.... more Natural fibers reinforced polymer composites are being used in several low strength applications. More research is going on to improve their mechanical and interface properties for structural applications. However, these composites have serious issues regarding flammability, which are not being focused broadly. A limited amount of literature has been published on the flame retardant techniques and flammability factor of natural fibers based polymer matrix composites. Therefore, it is needed to address the flammability properties of natural fibers based polymer composites to expand their application area. This paper summarizes some of the recent literature published on the subject of flammability and flame retardant methods applied to natural fibers reinforced polymer matrix composites. Different factors affecting the flammability, flame retardant solutions, mechanisms and characterization techniques have been discussed in detail.

Research paper thumbnail of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Waste Ground Nut-shell Reinforced Polyester Composites

Composites Research, 2015

In the current study explain about the bio-based composites made by groundnut shell as reinforcem... more In the current study explain about the bio-based composites made by groundnut shell as reinforcement with polyester resin matrix. Groundnut shell is an abundantly available natural waste byproduct and poly ester resin is widely used to fabricate of composites for good balance of mechanical properties because it is relatively low price and ease of handling. Evaluate the mechanical properties of manufactured groundnut shell/polyester composites by varying the amounts (wt %) of groundnut shell. Particulate shell reinforced polyester composites incorporating varying amounts of groundnut shell (5, 10, 15 and 20%) were characterized for their tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. The mechanical properties improved with increasing particle loading up to 15% and decreased thereafter. Increasing in strength with increased particle shell loading was attributed to increase in surface area which enhanced load transfer between the polyester matrix and ground shall particulates. Scanning electron microscopic studies have been carried out to study the morphology of the composite. Thermal studies and water absorption properties of the composites also studied in this paper.

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of particle size and surface treatment of filler on the properties of oyster shell powder filled polypropylene composites

Research paper thumbnail of An Investigation on the Effect of Silica Aerogel Content on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Sisal/PLA Nano Composites

Polymer Composites, 2016

In this research work, the authors proposed to prepare sisal/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites w... more In this research work, the authors proposed to prepare sisal/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with various amounts of silica aerogel (SAG) particles and studied the effect of aerogel content on the mechanical properties and thermal properties. Characterization of the composites in the presence and absence of aerogel particles were studied by Differential scanning calorimeter and Thermogravimetric analysis analysis. The dispersion trend of SAG particles and interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fibers were assessed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs of the surface and fractured surface of the composites, respectively. The thermal degradation temperatures of PLA/Sisal composites were increased by compounding with SAG particle. The tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus and water sorption increased with SAG content in the range of 0 to 2 wt%. However, NaOH (5 wt%) treated sisal fiber nanocomposites imparts superior mechanical properties than those of untreated ones. The fracture surface morphologies showed that the SAG particles are uniformly dispersed in PLA matrix. The results obtained by SEM confirmed that the interfacial adhesion between SAG and PLA matrix was good. Biodegradation studies were also performed to study the effect of SAG particles on degradation rate of the composites. Results indicated that the addition of SAG particles improved the overall performance of the composites including their thermal stability and mechanical properties. This work provides us the exploratory idea of using SAG particles as additives in biodegradable composites for possible applications, such as interior parts of automobiles and marine industry etc. POLYM. COMPOS., 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on the Flammability and Flame Retardant Properties of Natural Fibers and Polymer Matrix Based Composites

Natural fibers reinforced polymer composites are being used in several low strength applications.... more Natural fibers reinforced polymer composites are being used in several low strength applications. More research is going on to improve their mechanical and interface properties for structural applications. However, these composites have serious issues regarding flammability, which are not being focused broadly. A limited amount of literature has been published on the flame retardant techniques and flammability factor of natural fibers based polymer matrix composites. Therefore, it is needed to address the flammability properties of natural fibers based polymer composites to expand their application area. This paper summarizes some of the recent literature published on the subject of flammability and flame retardant methods applied to natural fibers reinforced polymer matrix composites. Different factors affecting the flammability, flame retardant solutions, mechanisms and characterization techniques have been discussed in detail.

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication and characterization of eggshell powder particles fused wheat protein isolate green composite for packaging applications

Polymer Composites, 2015

ABSTRACT Ample biodegradable eggshell powder (ESP)/wheat protein isolate (WPI) composite films we... more ABSTRACT Ample biodegradable eggshell powder (ESP)/wheat protein isolate (WPI) composite films were made by solution casting method of altering the WPI solution and fused with ESP particles in the percentage of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40% (w/w) and asses the properties, i.e., physical, mechanical, and thermal as a function of ESP concentration. Determine the unification of ESP particles into the WPI matrix by X-ray diffraction, fluorescence spectra, and SEM analysis. The data clearly showed the successful incorporation of ESP particles and good compatibility with the WPI and also mechanical properties and thermal stability of composite film increasing with the increasing ratio of ESP. Microstructural evaluation confirmed the aggregation and distribution of ESP particles within the WPI matrix and validated the results of functional properties of the WPI/ESP film. The results confirmed that the composite films have potential applications in the field of food and medicinal packaging especially for photosensitive medicines in a very simple and cheap way. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Research paper thumbnail of Static, Harmonic and Fatigue Analysis of Casing Oscillator

Casing oscillators are used to extract rocks and soil from depth of the earth during foundation w... more Casing oscillators are used to extract rocks and soil from depth of the earth during foundation work of buildings, bridges and drilling operations. Hydraulic piston cylinders are used in this equipment to produce torque for shaking of the pipe inside the drill hole. Due to the consistent torque loadings the oscillator is always under a vibrating load of known frequency. Hence there occurs fatigue failure in some parts of the machinery. This study is a finite element analysis of an existing design of the casing oscillator under the operating conditions. Static, harmonic and fatigue analyses are performed under real loadings. Critical areas of the design and fatigue life of the components are predicted.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of diamond-like-carbon coated abaca-reinforced polyester composites for hydrophobic and outdoor structural applications

Polymer Bulletin, 2015

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of concentration of ATH on mechanical properties of polypropylene/aluminium trihydrate (PP/ATH) composite

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2014

ABSTRACT Aluminium trihydrate (ATH) is being extensively added to polypropylene (PP) to make a fi... more ABSTRACT Aluminium trihydrate (ATH) is being extensively added to polypropylene (PP) to make a fire retardant composite. Blends of PP/ATH composite are more fire resistant as compared to pure PP. Percentage proportion of both the constituents in the final composite depends upon the application. Improvement in the fire retardant properties of such composites have been studied and published in literature but effects on mechanical strength have not been addressed. The effect of concentration of ATH on the strength of PP/ATH composite was presented. The tensile, flexural and fracture properties were studied and discussed. Experimental tests, ASTM analytical formulae and finite element approach were used. It has been found that increase in ATH has an inverse effect on the mechanical strength.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of biowaste encapsulated polypropylene composites: Thermal, optical, dielectric, flame retardant, mechanical, and morphological properties

Polymer Composites, 2015

ABSTRACT Polymer matrix composites have recently gained attraction due to their light weight, low... more ABSTRACT Polymer matrix composites have recently gained attraction due to their light weight, low cost, and easy availability , but they are also known for their higher burning rate and low thermal stability. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most used thermoplastic polymers, its thermal stability and flammability have been modified in this study by incorporation of oyster shell powder (OSP) into PP as a filler. Besides flammability and thermal properties , OSP incorporation has some effects on dielectric and mechanical properties of PP. Effect of concentration of OSP (0–50 wt%) on the properties of OSP/PP composites was studied. The burning rate was observed to decrease while thermal stability was increased as a result of OSP addition into PP. Similarly, relative permit-tivity (dielectric constant) of OSP/PP composites was found higher than that of pure PP. Flame retardancy, thermal stability, and dielectric properties are functions of OSP concentration. Optical tests including fluores-cence spectroscopy and FT-IR were conducted to study any possible interactions between OSP and PP. A slight decrease in the tensile strength was observed. FESEM images revealed that the decrease in tensile strength is a result of interfacial flaws between filler particles and matrix. Tensile modulus was found to increase which is an evidence of stiffness, this is also correlated to the improvement in thermal stability.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of a Gasketed Bolted pipe Flanged Joint under Bolt up, Internal Pressure and Harmonic Bending Loading

Proceeding of Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers, Autumn Conference 2012, Page 145