Maureen Krause - Hofstra University (original) (raw)

Papers by Maureen Krause

Journal of Shellfish Research, 2017

Gpi genotypic effect on quantitative traits in the northern bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians

Marine Biology, 1995

The relationships between glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) genotype and quantitative variation... more The relationships between glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) genotype and quantitative variation related to reproduction and growth were explored over the lifespan of a single cohort of northern bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck), from September 1986 to April 1988 in the Niantic River estuary, Connecticut, USA. Analyses revealed that Gpi genotype explained an increasingly significant proportion of variation in scallop size (up to 15%) as the cohort aged. The genotype-specific effects were consistent across sampling dates and among measured traits. There was no evidence for heterosis with respect to size at this locus; however, rare genotypes contributed substantially to the relationship and showed some tendency to fall on the extremes of the phenotypic distribution. The strength and consistency of the genotypic effect on scallop size suggest that genetic variation for Gpi, or some locus in linkage disequilibrium with Gpi, may translate into biochemical and/or physiological variation and affect fitness in this species.

Cloning of the p53 tumor suppressor gene from the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and evaluation of mutational hotspots in MNNG-exposed fish

Gene, 1997

A full-length cDNA clone of the medaka (Oryzias latipes) p53 tumor suppressor gene was isolated f... more A full-length cDNA clone of the medaka (Oryzias latipes) p53 tumor suppressor gene was isolated from a cDNA library from adult liver tissue, sequenced and characterized. Sequence analysis revealed a high degree of homology between putative functional domains of medaka p53 and p53 genes from other vertebrate taxa including rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), frog (Xenopus laevis), chicken (Gallus gallus), rat (Rattus norvegicus), mouse (Mus musculus), hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), green monkey (Ceropithecus aethiops) and human (Homo sapiens). A single 1.9-kb p53 mRNA is expressed at a very low level in normal adult liver tissue. This transcript is similar in size to transcripts of p53 genes from other species. Preliminary screening of six MNNG-induced tumors in four adult medaka revealed no mutations within characteristic mutational hotspots encompassing conserved domains IV and V.

The taxonomy and growth of aCrypthecodiniumspecies (Dinophyceae) isolated from a brackish-water fish aquarium

African Journal of Marine Science, 2006

ABSTRACT An unidentified heterotrophic dinoflagellate found growing in abundance in a brackish-wa... more ABSTRACT An unidentified heterotrophic dinoflagellate found growing in abundance in a brackish-water fish aquar- ium was isolated and serially cultivated using a fish cell line as the food source. Prominent characteristics of this dinoflagellate included a cingulum that did not fully encircle the motile cell, cell division in non-motile cysts, and a theca composed of thin but structured plates. Morphological analysis of flagellate cells by scanning electron microscopy revealed a Kofoid thecal plate tabulation of 4', 4a, 4'', 'X', 5 or 6c, ?s, 5''', 1p, 1'''', most consistent with the original description of Cryp- thecodinium setense Biecheler. This Crypthecodinium species exhibited a high maximum division rate (3.2 divisions day -1 ) and cell yield (>10 6 cells ml -1 ) when fed cultured fish cells. Small sub-unit rDNA phylogenetic analyses supported relatedness with a previously studied Crypthecodinium-like dinoflagellate, but a significant difference in aligned gene sequences was found. This study provides the first clear demonstra- tion of the plate tabulation of a Crypthecodinium spe- cies since the original description over 60 years ago, allowing the original morphological conception of Crypthecodinium to be linked with molecular phylo- genetic information.

Revised 9/13/2002 Genomic Signature Tags (GSTs): A System for Profiling Genomic DNA

1 Genomic Signature Tags (GSTs) are the products of a method we have developed for identifying an... more 1 Genomic Signature Tags (GSTs) are the products of a method we have developed for identifying and quantitatively analyzing genomic DNAs. The DNA is initially fragmented with a type II restriction enzyme. An oligonucleotide adaptor containing a recognition site for MmeI, a type IIS restriction enzyme, is then used to release 21-bp tags from fixed positions in the DNA relative to the sites recognized by the fragmenting enzyme. These tags are PCR-amplified, purified, concatenated and then cloned and sequenced. The tag sequences and abundances are used to create a high resolution GST sequence profile of the genomic DNA. GSTs are shown to be long enough for use as oligonucleotide primers to amplify adjacent segments of the DNA, which can then be sequenced to provide additional nucleotide information or used as probes to identify specific clones in metagenomic libraries. GST analysis of the 4.7 Mb Yersinia pestis EV766 genome using BamHI as the fragmenting enzyme and NlaIII as the taggin...

DNA Genomic Signature Tags ( GSTs ) : A System for Profiling Genomic

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Resource allocation and population genetics of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians: effects of age and allozyme heterozygosity on reproductive output

Marine Biology

The relationships among multiple-locus heterozygosity, age, reproduction and growth were examined... more The relationships among multiple-locus heterozygosity, age, reproduction and growth were examined over the ca. 2-yr lifespan of a cohort of northern bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck), from the Niantic River estuary, Connecticut, USA. Electrophoretic analyses revealed a relatively low proportion of polymorphic loci (=0.35) and low level of heterozygote deficiency ( D. across 6 loci=-0.05) in this population. Allele

Aquaculture

We write concerning the scientific name for the Pacific oyster used by Aquaculture. An article in... more We write concerning the scientific name for the Pacific oyster used by Aquaculture. An article in the 1 October issue (Ugalde et al., 2018) presents the binomial for the Pacific oyster as "Magallana gigas, previously known as Crassostrea gigas," citing Salvi et al. (2014). The suggestion by Salvi et al. (2014) and Salvi and Mariottini (2017) that the genus Crassostrea, as applied to cupped oysters of Pacific origin (e.g., Crassostrea gigas, the Pacific oyster), be replaced by the genus Magallana has been greeted with dismay by researchers and aquaculturists alike. Bayne et al. (2017) have recently published a short dissenting view, calling the suggestion "disruptive and destabilizing." The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) initially disseminated the proposed genus change. On receipt of our "dissenting view," WoRMS reinstated Crassostrea but in a way that, we believe, confuses the situation. WoRMS now describes Crassostrea (as of 25 July 2018) as an "alternate representation," which it defines as "an accepted name…but slightly less preferred." The basis for this 'preference' is not clear, but its assertion is not a scientific resolution of the taxonomic conflict for this important aquaculture species. We anticipate that the majority of researchers will continue to refer to the Pacific oysters as Crassostrea. Indeed, since Salvi and Mariottini (2017), only 11 papers in 10 journals have used Magallana gigas, while over 700 papers in over 200 journals used Crassostrea gigas (Web of Science). Nevertheless, there is potential for confusion to spread among researchers, including young scientists who are publishing for the first time. We ask that you require manuscripts submitted for publication to use Crassostrea as the accepted genus for all Pacific and Atlantic cupped oysters, until a more detailed and comprehensive genomic analysis resolves the correct nomenclature. In the interim, this conservative taxonomic usage will help to avoid misunderstanding, anxiety and disorder.

Despite long-term scientific interest in the Florida Burrowing Owl, little is known about key asp... more Despite long-term scientific interest in the Florida Burrowing Owl, little is known about key aspects of its ecology that likely influence population persistence. This is a cause of alarm considering that the Florida Burrowing Owl has been designated a “Species of Special Concern” since 1979. Therefore, seven microsatellite loci were developed and characterized for 48 Florida Burrowing Owls. All loci were polymorphic and six of them differed significantly from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Although preliminary, the number of loci out of HW equilibrium may result from low population size and resultant non-random mating that could be caused by habitat fragmentation as development has ensued.

A methodological approach to the genetic identification of native Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations for conservation purposes

Global Ecology and Conservation

Abstract As biodiversity is transformed on a global scale, identifying and protecting populations... more Abstract As biodiversity is transformed on a global scale, identifying and protecting populations unaffected by habitat disturbances is essential to ensuring natural genetic diversity is not irretrievably lost. Furthermore, knowledge of the interactions between endemic populations and human-introduced conspecifics is imperative to the creation of management strategies that conserve and enhance population viability. In this study, these issues were examined for Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations from the Northeastern United States through the characterization of the spatial genetic structure of over 2000 wild fish, collected from 83 different sampling locations, and encompassing 18 individual watersheds. Population genetic analyses of microsatellite data at 13 loci demonstrate that, despite centuries-long stocking practices, roughly half of the populations examined exhibit genetic structure consistent with native origins. In addition, when examining the populations that revealed influence from stocked con-specifics, only a limited proportion of ancestry was attributed to stocked fish in the majority of cases. The methodological approach presented in this study for identifying native populations demonstrated strong population subdivision within and among populations, watersheds, and drainage basins. These findings are consistent with past inferences regarding native population structure of cold-water fish species and represent a detailed accounting of the remaining Brook Trout populations still intact in their native waters. Furthermore, the extent of such populations greatly exceeds what had been previously identified and prioritized as ‘heritage’ based on stocking history. The methods and data presented here may serve as an important tool to inform diversity maintenance, species recovery planning, and biodiversity conservation in this and other genetically unique and historically important native species.

Diseases of aquatic organisms, Dec 21, 2016

The digenean trematode Proctoeces maculatus is an important parasite of the blue mussel Mytilus e... more The digenean trematode Proctoeces maculatus is an important parasite of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. The parasite reduces mussel quality and yield, negatively impacting mussel aquaculture efforts. Typically, the trematode is detected by visual observation. To provide a better diagnostic tool able to detect this parasite at any life stage and at low intensities, we designed a species-specific molecular assay to detect P. maculatus in M. edulis tissue. Primers targeting the 18S nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from P. maculatus were used to develop an end-point polymerase chain reaction assay and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Analytical specificity of the assays was demonstrated using DNA from 4 other digenean trematodes. The qPCR assay was linear from 6.79 × 102 to 6.79 × 107 copies of the cloned target DNA and had a conservative detection limit of 68 copies. The qPCR assay detected single cercariae, and the number of isolated cercariae was linearly correlated...

Scallop Genetics and Genomics

Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 2016

Tremendous advances in genetics and genomics tools offer the potential to expand the understandin... more Tremendous advances in genetics and genomics tools offer the potential to expand the understanding of scallop biology and revolutionise scallop aquaculture. In cytogenetics, genome size estimates are known from many species, and karyotypes reveal haploid counts ranging from 14 to 19 chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation analyses allow mapping of genes and markers to physical locations on the chromosome, leading to the merging of scallop cytogenetics with genomics. One of the major advances in recent years is the integration of genetic markers as tools to enhance traditional selective breeding and as markers of quantitative traits for selection. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) maps have been produced for several species, and an integrated merged physical and QTL map exists for Azumapecten farreri. Triploid, gynogenetic diploid and tetraploid scallops have been produced for aquaculture although not at a commercial scale. In population genetics, a variety of molecular genetic markers are employed for the purposes of individual and species identification, taxonomy, determination of genetic connectivity, assessing levels of genetic variability in cultured and natural populations and testing ecological and evolutionary hypotheses. Collectively, these data demonstrate that scallops have some of the highest heterozygosity and polymorphism recorded for animal species, their high variance in reproductive success strongly reduces effective population size and increases the probability of relatedness among individuals, there is a high genomic density of non-neutral amino acid substitutions which contribute to high protein diversity and, as a consequence, many scallop populations carry a high genetic load that can be expressed as inbreeding depression, particularly in culture. Scallop genomic studies reveal that tandem repeats and transposable elements dominate the genome, and that DNA methylation and miRNA play complex and variable roles in gene expression. Complete mitochondrial genomes published so far reveal an extraordinary degree of size, content and gene order variation compared to other metazoa. Scallop transcriptomic profiles are identifying expression changes that accompany stress and immune responses as well as genes associated with specific tissues and life stages. A high percentage of transcripts profiled, however, do not match known genes. Overall, there is a growing imbalance between the extensive lists of candidate genes emerging from ‘-omic’ studies and the paucity of direct tests of their functional significance. At this point in time, the ability to produce massive amounts of genomic and transcriptomic data for scallops exists, but what remains is direct application of this information for improved scallop fisheries management and aquaculture.

Single-Point Genome Signature Tags

6pi genotypic effect on quantitative traits in the northern bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians

Mar Biol, 1995

First documentation and molecular confirmation of three trematode species (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) infecting the polychaete Marenzelleria viridis (Annelida: Spionidae)

Parasitology research, Jan 18, 2015

Polychaete worms are hosts to a wide range of marine parasites; yet, studies on trematodes using ... more Polychaete worms are hosts to a wide range of marine parasites; yet, studies on trematodes using these ecologically important species as intermediate hosts are lacking. During examination of the spionid polychaete Marenzelleria viridis collected on the north shore of Long Island, New York, putative trematode cysts were discovered in the body cavity of these polychaetes. In order to verify these cysts as metacercariae of trematodes, specimens of the eastern mudsnail Ilyanassa obsoleta (a very common first intermediate host of trematodes in the region) were collected for molecular comparison. DNA barcoding using cytochrome C oxidase I regions confirmed the presence of three species of trematodes (Himasthla quissetensis, Lepocreadium setiferoides, and Zoogonus lasius) in both M. viridis and I. obsoleta hosts. Brown bodies were also recovered from polychaetes, and molecular testing confirmed the presence of L. setiferoides and Z. lasius, indicating an immune response of the polychaete l...

Resource allocation and population genetics of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians : effects of age and allozyme heterozygosity on reproductive output

Marine Biology, 1992