Jafar Es-haghi | Qom Islamic Seminary (original) (raw)
Papers by Jafar Es-haghi
Judicial Law Views Quarterly, Jun 15, 2020
Journal of Politics and Law, 2016
Judicial Law Views Quarterly (Law Views), 2020
آیین دادرسی کیفری در سه عرصه اصلی فرآیند کیفری، نهادها و مقررات حاکم بر آن، تحت تاثیر مفهوم مصلحت... more آیین دادرسی کیفری در سه عرصه اصلی فرآیند کیفری، نهادها و مقررات حاکم بر آن، تحت تاثیر مفهوم مصلحت عمومی شکل گرفته است. نهاد دادسرا، نظامها و مدلهای فرآیند کیفری و مقرراتی چون صلاحیت و قرار تامین کیفری بر اساس این مفهوم توجیه میشوند.
آیین دادرسی کیفری یکی از بارزترین عرصه‌های تزاحم مصلحت عمومی و حقهای فردی است و همان گونه که برای تامین مصلحت عمومی تدوین شده است از حقهای فردی نیز حمایت میکند؛ به گونهای که یکی از هدفهای آن را رسیدن به یک نقطه تعادل میان مصلحت عمومی و حقهای فردی دانستهاند. در مقابل برخی از حقهای رویهای و ماهوی همچون حق بر فرض بیگناهی (اصل برائت)، حق بر دادرسی عادلانه، حق بر آزادی اقدام و حق بر حریم خصوصی را نیز تضمین میکند.
این نوشتار با بررسی تمثیلی تزاحم حقهای فردی با مصلحت عمومی مدعی است که قانون جدید آیین دادرسی کیفری، گام بلندی به سوی حفاظت از حقهای بنیادین برداشته و مصلحت عمومی را در پاسداری از حقوق فردی تشخیص داده است، نه محدودسازی آن. ولی همچنان کاستیهایی در قانون درباره حق بر دادرسی عادلانه و در تفاسیر اداره حقوقی درباره حداکثر مدت بازداشت موقت و ورود به حریم خصوصی وجود دارد.
واژگان کلیدی: آیین دادرسی کیفری، مصلحت عمومی، حقهای فردی، فرآیند کیفری، دادسرا، حق بر فرض بیگناهی، حق بر دادرسی عادلانه، حق بر آزادی اقدام، حق بر حریم خصوصی.
Journal of Criminal Law Research (فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق کیفری, 2019
The right to be free from torture is known as an inalienable right. In article 38 of our Constitu... more The right to be free from torture is known as an inalienable right. In article 38 of our Constitution, it has been declared absolutely forbidden. Hence, struggling against torture is of meritorious legal and cultural status. Amid non-suppressive methods, the situational prevention is known as an applicable approach with visible returns. Due to these features, this paper, based on accepting the possibility of exercising the situational prevention on torture crime, deals with recognizing effective situational preventive contrivances in decreasing this crime; contrivances like: contrivance for increasing hardship in committing crimes like immediate access of defendant to judiciary officials, contrivance for omitting justifies like decreasing the demonstrating value of confession, contrivance for decreasing benefits ensued from crimes like nullifying the information ensued from torture, contrivance for increasing the risk of committing crime like supporting the presence of lawyers in the early processes of judgment and video surveillance during investigation process. In this text we have shown that the best place to predict these contrivances is Code of Criminal Procedure and accordingly recently enacted Iranian Code of Criminal Procedure is examined from this perspective and meanwhile embossing the innovations of this area, we have pointed out some of the removable shortcomings.
Greek philosophers had accepted " rule of law " as desired governance system since it was the onl... more Greek philosophers had accepted " rule of law " as desired governance system since it was the only way to provide all citizens' public interest. In today societies where public policy is accountable for the interests of total society or at least its majority, it is too vital to recognize the concept of public interest. Like other concepts, it is also radically transformed in modern age, despite of varied perceptions on this concept, public interest modern concept is understood by recognizing individual rights, accepting utility principle which means to attract the highest interest for most people, respecting legal process and adapting with common values of the society independent of individual interests. Criminal procedure is shaped in three main areas including criminal process, entities and its governing laws affected by public interest concept. Regulations such as competencies and penal provisional remedy, entities like the public prosecutor's office and NGOs and criminal process models like crime control are all justified by this concept. In present paper, it is attempted to adapt such claim to Iranian procedural rights by some illuminations. One can claim that criminal procedure is one the most obvious arenas of public interest and individual rights and freedoms clash. Since criminal procedure is set to provide public interest like many other laws, it also supports individual rights. Such rights include both procedural and substantial rights. On this basis, criminal procedure aims at achieving a balance point between public interest and individual interest. Here, we study the challenge of four rights supported by criminal procedure on public interest in Iranian laws.
Greek philosophers had accepted " rule of law " as desired governance system since it was the onl... more Greek philosophers had accepted " rule of law " as desired governance system since it was the only way to provide all citizens' public interest. In today societies where public policy is accountable for the interests of total society or at least its majority, it is too vital to recognize the concept of public interest. Like other concepts, it is also radically transformed in modern age, despite of varied perceptions on this concept, public interest modern concept is understood by recognizing individual rights, accepting utility principle which means to attract the highest interest for most people, respecting legal process and adapting with common values of the society independent of individual interests. Criminal procedure is shaped in three main areas including criminal process, entities and its governing laws affected by public interest concept. Regulations such as competencies and penal provisional remedy, entities like the public prosecutor's office and NGOs and criminal process models like crime control are all justified by this concept. In present paper, it is attempted to adapt such claim to Iranian procedural rights by some illuminations. One can claim that criminal procedure is one the most obvious arenas of public interest and individual rights and freedoms clash. Since criminal procedure is set to provide public interest like many other laws, it also supports individual rights. Such rights include both procedural and substantial rights. On this basis, criminal procedure aims at achieving a balance point between public interest and individual interest. Here, we study the challenge of four rights supported by criminal procedure on public interest in Iranian laws.
Judicial Law Views Quarterly, Jun 15, 2020
Journal of Politics and Law, 2016
Judicial Law Views Quarterly (Law Views), 2020
آیین دادرسی کیفری در سه عرصه اصلی فرآیند کیفری، نهادها و مقررات حاکم بر آن، تحت تاثیر مفهوم مصلحت... more آیین دادرسی کیفری در سه عرصه اصلی فرآیند کیفری، نهادها و مقررات حاکم بر آن، تحت تاثیر مفهوم مصلحت عمومی شکل گرفته است. نهاد دادسرا، نظامها و مدلهای فرآیند کیفری و مقرراتی چون صلاحیت و قرار تامین کیفری بر اساس این مفهوم توجیه میشوند.
آیین دادرسی کیفری یکی از بارزترین عرصه‌های تزاحم مصلحت عمومی و حقهای فردی است و همان گونه که برای تامین مصلحت عمومی تدوین شده است از حقهای فردی نیز حمایت میکند؛ به گونهای که یکی از هدفهای آن را رسیدن به یک نقطه تعادل میان مصلحت عمومی و حقهای فردی دانستهاند. در مقابل برخی از حقهای رویهای و ماهوی همچون حق بر فرض بیگناهی (اصل برائت)، حق بر دادرسی عادلانه، حق بر آزادی اقدام و حق بر حریم خصوصی را نیز تضمین میکند.
این نوشتار با بررسی تمثیلی تزاحم حقهای فردی با مصلحت عمومی مدعی است که قانون جدید آیین دادرسی کیفری، گام بلندی به سوی حفاظت از حقهای بنیادین برداشته و مصلحت عمومی را در پاسداری از حقوق فردی تشخیص داده است، نه محدودسازی آن. ولی همچنان کاستیهایی در قانون درباره حق بر دادرسی عادلانه و در تفاسیر اداره حقوقی درباره حداکثر مدت بازداشت موقت و ورود به حریم خصوصی وجود دارد.
واژگان کلیدی: آیین دادرسی کیفری، مصلحت عمومی، حقهای فردی، فرآیند کیفری، دادسرا، حق بر فرض بیگناهی، حق بر دادرسی عادلانه، حق بر آزادی اقدام، حق بر حریم خصوصی.
Journal of Criminal Law Research (فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق کیفری, 2019
The right to be free from torture is known as an inalienable right. In article 38 of our Constitu... more The right to be free from torture is known as an inalienable right. In article 38 of our Constitution, it has been declared absolutely forbidden. Hence, struggling against torture is of meritorious legal and cultural status. Amid non-suppressive methods, the situational prevention is known as an applicable approach with visible returns. Due to these features, this paper, based on accepting the possibility of exercising the situational prevention on torture crime, deals with recognizing effective situational preventive contrivances in decreasing this crime; contrivances like: contrivance for increasing hardship in committing crimes like immediate access of defendant to judiciary officials, contrivance for omitting justifies like decreasing the demonstrating value of confession, contrivance for decreasing benefits ensued from crimes like nullifying the information ensued from torture, contrivance for increasing the risk of committing crime like supporting the presence of lawyers in the early processes of judgment and video surveillance during investigation process. In this text we have shown that the best place to predict these contrivances is Code of Criminal Procedure and accordingly recently enacted Iranian Code of Criminal Procedure is examined from this perspective and meanwhile embossing the innovations of this area, we have pointed out some of the removable shortcomings.
Greek philosophers had accepted " rule of law " as desired governance system since it was the onl... more Greek philosophers had accepted " rule of law " as desired governance system since it was the only way to provide all citizens' public interest. In today societies where public policy is accountable for the interests of total society or at least its majority, it is too vital to recognize the concept of public interest. Like other concepts, it is also radically transformed in modern age, despite of varied perceptions on this concept, public interest modern concept is understood by recognizing individual rights, accepting utility principle which means to attract the highest interest for most people, respecting legal process and adapting with common values of the society independent of individual interests. Criminal procedure is shaped in three main areas including criminal process, entities and its governing laws affected by public interest concept. Regulations such as competencies and penal provisional remedy, entities like the public prosecutor's office and NGOs and criminal process models like crime control are all justified by this concept. In present paper, it is attempted to adapt such claim to Iranian procedural rights by some illuminations. One can claim that criminal procedure is one the most obvious arenas of public interest and individual rights and freedoms clash. Since criminal procedure is set to provide public interest like many other laws, it also supports individual rights. Such rights include both procedural and substantial rights. On this basis, criminal procedure aims at achieving a balance point between public interest and individual interest. Here, we study the challenge of four rights supported by criminal procedure on public interest in Iranian laws.
Greek philosophers had accepted " rule of law " as desired governance system since it was the onl... more Greek philosophers had accepted " rule of law " as desired governance system since it was the only way to provide all citizens' public interest. In today societies where public policy is accountable for the interests of total society or at least its majority, it is too vital to recognize the concept of public interest. Like other concepts, it is also radically transformed in modern age, despite of varied perceptions on this concept, public interest modern concept is understood by recognizing individual rights, accepting utility principle which means to attract the highest interest for most people, respecting legal process and adapting with common values of the society independent of individual interests. Criminal procedure is shaped in three main areas including criminal process, entities and its governing laws affected by public interest concept. Regulations such as competencies and penal provisional remedy, entities like the public prosecutor's office and NGOs and criminal process models like crime control are all justified by this concept. In present paper, it is attempted to adapt such claim to Iranian procedural rights by some illuminations. One can claim that criminal procedure is one the most obvious arenas of public interest and individual rights and freedoms clash. Since criminal procedure is set to provide public interest like many other laws, it also supports individual rights. Such rights include both procedural and substantial rights. On this basis, criminal procedure aims at achieving a balance point between public interest and individual interest. Here, we study the challenge of four rights supported by criminal procedure on public interest in Iranian laws.