Elena Churilova | National Research University Higher School of Economics (original) (raw)
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Papers by Elena Churilova
Woman in russian society
Аннотация. В статье представлены результаты исследования качества отношений между супругами, наме... more Аннотация. В статье представлены результаты исследования качества отношений между супругами, намерений расстаться и их реализации в краткосрочной (3 года) и среднесрочной (7 лет) перспективах. Анализ основан на данных трех волн панельного обследования «Родители и дети, мужчины и женщины в семье и обществе». Для анализа использовались данные о мужчинах и женщинах, состоящих на момент опроса 2004 г. в брачно-партнерском союзе, при условии, что он заключен не ранее 1965 г. (N = 3159). Выявлено, что женщины чаще, чем мужчины, высказывают намерения расстаться с партнером независимо от длительности их отношений. Намерения расстаться, в свою очередь, как у мужчин, так и у женщин тесно связаны с оценкой удовлетворенности отношениями с супругами. С помощью методов анализа наступления событий обнаружено, что женщины в большей степени, чем мужчины, склонны реализовывать намерения расстаться в краткосрочной перспективе. Ключевые слова: намерения расстаться, развод, семейные конфликты, качество брака, факторы разводимости Благодарности: исследование выполнено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ и поддержано в рамках программы субсидирования проекта «5-100».
European Journal of Population, 2021
While cohabitation and non-marital childbearing have been increasing in Russia since 1990, the sh... more While cohabitation and non-marital childbearing have been increasing in Russia since 1990, the share of marital first births that are conceived prior to marriage has changed very little since the Soviet era. The prior findings on the stability of trends in premarital conceptions in Russia have been contradictory and inconclusive. This study aims to extend the existing empirical evidence on premarital conceptions in Russia and to contribute to the discussion on the persistence of marriage as the preferred partnership context for parenthood. We focus on births that occurred within the first two years of marriage, and compare the childbearing patterns of Russian women who married in different historical periods. For our investigation of fertility among marital cohorts who married during the Soviet era (1960–1991), we use individual-level data from the 1994 microcensus. For our examination of fertility among more recent marital cohorts (2000, 2011, and 2016), we draw on data from birth ...
Despite the growing prevalence and acceptability of second unions in developed countries, the con... more Despite the growing prevalence and acceptability of second unions in developed countries, the consequences of these developments for fertility have not been adequately studied. We analyzed data from three waves (2004, 2007, and 2011) of the Russian Generation and Gender Survey to examine trends and determinants of births in second and subsequent unions, both marriages and cohabitations. Our findings reveal that the contribution of non-first unions to overall fertility has increased tenfold in the past half-century. Moreover, the completed fertility in case of repartnering is not less than the completed fertility of women, which were in the persistent unions. Even women, who gave the first birth outside the union, in case of repartnering had the same number of children as women who did not experience a separation. Thus, stepfamily formation allowed Russian women to reach the two-child ideal at the same measure that living continuously with the first partner. Introduction Rapid deinst...
Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics of surveys included in the analysis. S... more Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics of surveys included in the analysis. Supplementary Table S2. Methods of blood pressure measurement. Supplementary Table S3. Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) by age, sex and survey adjusted for education. Supplementary Table S4. Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) by age, sex, and survey adjusted for education. Supplementary Table S5. Percentage of individuals with elevated blood pressure (> = 140/90 mmHg) by age, sex, and survey adjusted for education. Supplementary Table S6. Percentage of individuals with hypertension (BP > =140/90 mmHg or use of medications) by age, sex, and survey adjusted for education.
Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure S1. Sex difference in the mean SBP in the age group 55–64... more Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure S1. Sex difference in the mean SBP in the age group 55–64 (SBP(m) minus SBP(w)) in Russian surveys (mm Hg). Supplementary Figure S2. Sex difference in the mean DBP in the age group 55–64 (DBP(m) minus DBP(f)) in Russian surveys (mm Hg). Supplementary Figure S3. Male to female odds ratio for the elevated blood pressure in the age group 55–64 in Russian surveys. Supplementary Figure S4. Male to female odds ratio for hypertension in the age group 55–64 in Russian surveys.
BMC Public Health, 2021
Hypertension is recognized as an important contributor to high cardiovascular mortality in Russia... more Hypertension is recognized as an important contributor to high cardiovascular mortality in Russia. A comprehensive analysis of data from Russian studies that measured blood pressure in population-based samples has not been previously undertaken. This study aims to identify trends and patterns in mean blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in Russia over the most recent 40 years. We obtained anonymized individual records of blood pressure measurements from 14 surveys conducted in Russia in 1975–2017 relating to a total of 137,687 individuals. For comparative purposes we obtained equivalent data from 4 surveys in the USA and England for 23,864 individuals. A meta-regression on aggregated data adjusted for education was undertaken to estimate time trends in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (> 140/90 mmHg), and hypertension (defined as elevated blood pressure and/or the use of blood pressure-lowering) medication. A meta-...
Additional file 2: Table S2. Definitions of smoking in surveys.
Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of studies included in the analysis.
Additional file 6: Figure S3. Educational differences in female smoking (ORs low vs. high) by age... more Additional file 6: Figure S3. Educational differences in female smoking (ORs low vs. high) by age group in various surveys.
Additional file 5: Figure S2. Educational differences in smoking (ORs low vs. high) adjusted for ... more Additional file 5: Figure S2. Educational differences in smoking (ORs low vs. high) adjusted for age in various surveys.
Additional file 4: Figure S1. Trends in education-standardized prevalence of current smoking by a... more Additional file 4: Figure S1. Trends in education-standardized prevalence of current smoking by age group in RLMS.
Additional file 3: Appendix S1. Method for estimation of the mortality effect of the reduction of... more Additional file 3: Appendix S1. Method for estimation of the mortality effect of the reduction of smoking.
BMC Public Health, 2020
Background The study aims at identifying long-term trends and patterns of current smoking by age,... more Background The study aims at identifying long-term trends and patterns of current smoking by age, gender, and education in Russia, including the most recent period from 2008 during which tobacco control policies were implemented, and to estimate the impact on mortality of any reductions in prevalence. We present an in-depth analysis based on an unprecedentedly large array of survey data. Methods We examined pooled micro-data on smoking from 17 rounds of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Study of 1996–2016, 11 other surveys conducted in Russia in 1975–2017, and two comparator surveys from England and the USA. Standardization by age and education, regression and meta-analysis were used to estimate trends in the prevalence of current smoking by gender, age, and educational patterns. Results From the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s smoking prevalence among men was relatively stable at around 60%, after which time prevalence declined in every age and educational group. Among women, trends i...
European Journal of Public Health, 2018
In 1990 life expectancy (LE) in Russia and Estonia was low with a small Estonian advantage. In bo... more In 1990 life expectancy (LE) in Russia and Estonia was low with a small Estonian advantage. In both countries this was driven by high rates of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), medically amenable causes, and external and alcoholrelated causes. We assess the specific contribution of CVD to the increases in LE rises seen in both countries since 2005. Data and Methods: We use population-level mortality data. Since 2010 in Russia there has been a rise in non-specific ''garbage'' code deaths. We redistributed deaths from senility and ill-defined causes at ages 80+ to CVD. Results: Between 2005 and 2015 life expectancy (LE) in Russia increased by 7.0 years to 65.9 years for men and by 4.2 years to 76.7 years for women. In Estonia, the LE rise began in 1998. By 2015, Estonian LE exceeded Russian levels by 7.2 for men and 5.2 years for women. In both countries, the reduction in CVD contributed to the added lifetime. In Russia, these contributions to the increase comprised 20% in men and 40% in women. In Estonia, the corresponding shares of the increase were 24% and 44%, respectively. In 2005-2015, LE advantage of Estonia fell by 1.5 years for men and 0.7 for women. The reduction of the LE-gap between countries among men was determined by the amenable causes (30%) and by external and alcohol-related causes (25%). The role of CVD in the reduction was much smaller (9%). Today the burden of CVD in Russia today is larger than in Estonia. For CVD overall it is 40% higher, for ischemic heart disease 70% higher and for cerebrovascular conditions three times higher. Conclusions: Mortality changes in Russia indicate a beginning of the ''cardiovascular revolution'' that has played such a major role in advanced countries since the late 1970s. However, Estonia has made even more progress. Further investigation of the drivers of the Estonian improvements may provide useful insights into how Russia can maintain and accelerate CVD mortality reduction and improve length of life.
Woman in russian society
Аннотация. В статье представлены результаты исследования качества отношений между супругами, наме... more Аннотация. В статье представлены результаты исследования качества отношений между супругами, намерений расстаться и их реализации в краткосрочной (3 года) и среднесрочной (7 лет) перспективах. Анализ основан на данных трех волн панельного обследования «Родители и дети, мужчины и женщины в семье и обществе». Для анализа использовались данные о мужчинах и женщинах, состоящих на момент опроса 2004 г. в брачно-партнерском союзе, при условии, что он заключен не ранее 1965 г. (N = 3159). Выявлено, что женщины чаще, чем мужчины, высказывают намерения расстаться с партнером независимо от длительности их отношений. Намерения расстаться, в свою очередь, как у мужчин, так и у женщин тесно связаны с оценкой удовлетворенности отношениями с супругами. С помощью методов анализа наступления событий обнаружено, что женщины в большей степени, чем мужчины, склонны реализовывать намерения расстаться в краткосрочной перспективе. Ключевые слова: намерения расстаться, развод, семейные конфликты, качество брака, факторы разводимости Благодарности: исследование выполнено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ и поддержано в рамках программы субсидирования проекта «5-100».
European Journal of Population, 2021
While cohabitation and non-marital childbearing have been increasing in Russia since 1990, the sh... more While cohabitation and non-marital childbearing have been increasing in Russia since 1990, the share of marital first births that are conceived prior to marriage has changed very little since the Soviet era. The prior findings on the stability of trends in premarital conceptions in Russia have been contradictory and inconclusive. This study aims to extend the existing empirical evidence on premarital conceptions in Russia and to contribute to the discussion on the persistence of marriage as the preferred partnership context for parenthood. We focus on births that occurred within the first two years of marriage, and compare the childbearing patterns of Russian women who married in different historical periods. For our investigation of fertility among marital cohorts who married during the Soviet era (1960–1991), we use individual-level data from the 1994 microcensus. For our examination of fertility among more recent marital cohorts (2000, 2011, and 2016), we draw on data from birth ...
Despite the growing prevalence and acceptability of second unions in developed countries, the con... more Despite the growing prevalence and acceptability of second unions in developed countries, the consequences of these developments for fertility have not been adequately studied. We analyzed data from three waves (2004, 2007, and 2011) of the Russian Generation and Gender Survey to examine trends and determinants of births in second and subsequent unions, both marriages and cohabitations. Our findings reveal that the contribution of non-first unions to overall fertility has increased tenfold in the past half-century. Moreover, the completed fertility in case of repartnering is not less than the completed fertility of women, which were in the persistent unions. Even women, who gave the first birth outside the union, in case of repartnering had the same number of children as women who did not experience a separation. Thus, stepfamily formation allowed Russian women to reach the two-child ideal at the same measure that living continuously with the first partner. Introduction Rapid deinst...
Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics of surveys included in the analysis. S... more Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics of surveys included in the analysis. Supplementary Table S2. Methods of blood pressure measurement. Supplementary Table S3. Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) by age, sex and survey adjusted for education. Supplementary Table S4. Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) by age, sex, and survey adjusted for education. Supplementary Table S5. Percentage of individuals with elevated blood pressure (> = 140/90 mmHg) by age, sex, and survey adjusted for education. Supplementary Table S6. Percentage of individuals with hypertension (BP > =140/90 mmHg or use of medications) by age, sex, and survey adjusted for education.
Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure S1. Sex difference in the mean SBP in the age group 55–64... more Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure S1. Sex difference in the mean SBP in the age group 55–64 (SBP(m) minus SBP(w)) in Russian surveys (mm Hg). Supplementary Figure S2. Sex difference in the mean DBP in the age group 55–64 (DBP(m) minus DBP(f)) in Russian surveys (mm Hg). Supplementary Figure S3. Male to female odds ratio for the elevated blood pressure in the age group 55–64 in Russian surveys. Supplementary Figure S4. Male to female odds ratio for hypertension in the age group 55–64 in Russian surveys.
BMC Public Health, 2021
Hypertension is recognized as an important contributor to high cardiovascular mortality in Russia... more Hypertension is recognized as an important contributor to high cardiovascular mortality in Russia. A comprehensive analysis of data from Russian studies that measured blood pressure in population-based samples has not been previously undertaken. This study aims to identify trends and patterns in mean blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in Russia over the most recent 40 years. We obtained anonymized individual records of blood pressure measurements from 14 surveys conducted in Russia in 1975–2017 relating to a total of 137,687 individuals. For comparative purposes we obtained equivalent data from 4 surveys in the USA and England for 23,864 individuals. A meta-regression on aggregated data adjusted for education was undertaken to estimate time trends in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (> 140/90 mmHg), and hypertension (defined as elevated blood pressure and/or the use of blood pressure-lowering) medication. A meta-...
Additional file 2: Table S2. Definitions of smoking in surveys.
Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of studies included in the analysis.
Additional file 6: Figure S3. Educational differences in female smoking (ORs low vs. high) by age... more Additional file 6: Figure S3. Educational differences in female smoking (ORs low vs. high) by age group in various surveys.
Additional file 5: Figure S2. Educational differences in smoking (ORs low vs. high) adjusted for ... more Additional file 5: Figure S2. Educational differences in smoking (ORs low vs. high) adjusted for age in various surveys.
Additional file 4: Figure S1. Trends in education-standardized prevalence of current smoking by a... more Additional file 4: Figure S1. Trends in education-standardized prevalence of current smoking by age group in RLMS.
Additional file 3: Appendix S1. Method for estimation of the mortality effect of the reduction of... more Additional file 3: Appendix S1. Method for estimation of the mortality effect of the reduction of smoking.
BMC Public Health, 2020
Background The study aims at identifying long-term trends and patterns of current smoking by age,... more Background The study aims at identifying long-term trends and patterns of current smoking by age, gender, and education in Russia, including the most recent period from 2008 during which tobacco control policies were implemented, and to estimate the impact on mortality of any reductions in prevalence. We present an in-depth analysis based on an unprecedentedly large array of survey data. Methods We examined pooled micro-data on smoking from 17 rounds of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Study of 1996–2016, 11 other surveys conducted in Russia in 1975–2017, and two comparator surveys from England and the USA. Standardization by age and education, regression and meta-analysis were used to estimate trends in the prevalence of current smoking by gender, age, and educational patterns. Results From the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s smoking prevalence among men was relatively stable at around 60%, after which time prevalence declined in every age and educational group. Among women, trends i...
European Journal of Public Health, 2018
In 1990 life expectancy (LE) in Russia and Estonia was low with a small Estonian advantage. In bo... more In 1990 life expectancy (LE) in Russia and Estonia was low with a small Estonian advantage. In both countries this was driven by high rates of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), medically amenable causes, and external and alcoholrelated causes. We assess the specific contribution of CVD to the increases in LE rises seen in both countries since 2005. Data and Methods: We use population-level mortality data. Since 2010 in Russia there has been a rise in non-specific ''garbage'' code deaths. We redistributed deaths from senility and ill-defined causes at ages 80+ to CVD. Results: Between 2005 and 2015 life expectancy (LE) in Russia increased by 7.0 years to 65.9 years for men and by 4.2 years to 76.7 years for women. In Estonia, the LE rise began in 1998. By 2015, Estonian LE exceeded Russian levels by 7.2 for men and 5.2 years for women. In both countries, the reduction in CVD contributed to the added lifetime. In Russia, these contributions to the increase comprised 20% in men and 40% in women. In Estonia, the corresponding shares of the increase were 24% and 44%, respectively. In 2005-2015, LE advantage of Estonia fell by 1.5 years for men and 0.7 for women. The reduction of the LE-gap between countries among men was determined by the amenable causes (30%) and by external and alcohol-related causes (25%). The role of CVD in the reduction was much smaller (9%). Today the burden of CVD in Russia today is larger than in Estonia. For CVD overall it is 40% higher, for ischemic heart disease 70% higher and for cerebrovascular conditions three times higher. Conclusions: Mortality changes in Russia indicate a beginning of the ''cardiovascular revolution'' that has played such a major role in advanced countries since the late 1970s. However, Estonia has made even more progress. Further investigation of the drivers of the Estonian improvements may provide useful insights into how Russia can maintain and accelerate CVD mortality reduction and improve length of life.