Ahmed Akil | Hawler Medical Unversity (original) (raw)

Papers by Ahmed Akil

مجلة علوم الرافدين جامعة الموصل, 2008

أظهرت الدراسة الكيموحيوية وجود فروقات معنوية متباينة لفعالية الأنزيمات في أنواع المـذنبات المختلف... more أظهرت الدراسة الكيموحيوية وجود فروقات معنوية متباينة لفعالية الأنزيمات في أنواع المـذنبات
المختلفة قيد الدراسة. إذ وجدت أعلى فعالية (4.90 ± 0.26) نانو مـول/دقيقـة/ملغـم بـروتين لأنـزيم
الادينوسين دي امينيز في المذنبه احادية الممص، و (297.30 ± 7.99) مايكرومول /دقيقة/ملغم بروتين
لأنزيم الكلوتاثيون -S- ترانسفيريز في المذنبة دقيقة الذيل، و(209.40 ± 6.05) مايكرومول /دقيقة/ملغم
وزن طري لأنزيم الاستيل كولين استيريز في المذنبة مشطورة الذنب، و(94.67 ± 1.15) وحدة انزيمية
لأنزيم اللاكتيت ديهايدروجنيز في المذنبة عارية الـرأس، و(23.40 ± 1.08) وحـدة انزيميـة لأنـزيم
الفوسفاتيز القاعدي، و(7.27 ± 0.25) وحدة انزيمية لأنزيم الكلوكوز-6- فوسفات ديهايـدروجينيز فـي
المذنبة ثنائية الممص. وهكذا يمكن الاعتماد على فعالية هذه الأنزيمات في التمييز بين الأنواع المختلفـة
من المذنبات. وعند إجراء تقنية الهجرة الكهربائية وجدت حزم بروتينية مختلفة لكل نوع من المـذنبات.
تراوحت الاوزان الجزيئية التقريبية للحزم البروتينية في المذنبات المختلفة (-25000 676000) دالتون.

Journal of Rafidian Science, 2008

Biochemical studies showed the presence of various significant distinctions in the activity of en... more Biochemical studies showed the presence of various significant distinctions in the activity of enzymes in some types of cercariae under study. The highest activity was (4.90 ± 0.26) nmol/min/mg protein for adenosine deaminase in monostome cercaria, (297.30 ± 7.99) µ mol/min/mg protein for glutathione –S- transferase in microcercous
cercaria, (209.40 ± 6.05) µ mol/min/gm fresh weight for acetylcholinesterase in furcocercous cercariae, (94.67 ± 1.15) enzymatic unit for lactate dehydrogenase in gymnocephalous cercaria. Finally, (23.40 ± 1.08) enzymatic unit for alkaline phosphatase and (7.27 ± 0.25) enzymatic unit for glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase in distome
cercaria. Therefore, the activity of these enzymes could be used in distinguishing the various types of cercariae. Electrophoresis technique showed different patterns of bands. Approximate molecular weights for protein bands in various cercariae varied between (25000-676000)
Dalton.

Wasit Journal for Science & Medicine , 2012

This study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies among pregnan... more This study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies among pregnant women in Erbil province from October 2009 to April 2010. Three serological tests were used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis included latex agglutination test (LAT), modified latex agglutination test (MLAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgM), and study the effect of gestational age on the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection. This study included 208 serum samples, 94(45.2%) samples were positive for specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG and/or IgM) by LAT, from which, 67(32.2) samples positive for IgG by MLAT and 26(12.5) positive for IgM by ELISA. The most prevalent titer of LAT was appeared at the titer 1:80. Pregnant women in first trimester showed the highest seropositivity (49.2%) by LAT, (38.1) by MLAT and (15.9) by ELISA-IgM.
Keywords: Toxoplasma, Seroprevalence, Pregnant women, Erbil, Iraq

Adv J Pharm Life sci Res, 2019

Background and objective: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is worldwide endemic disease and one of the maj... more Background and objective: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is worldwide endemic disease and one of the major
health problems, considered as the second most important protozoan disease. The objective of this study
was to assess the prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among the individuals within Erbil city, compare
the causes of the infection and its associated risk factors.
Methods: A survey study was conducted during the period from November 2017 till March 2018 to
investigate the prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among the people who admitted to Erbil city
hospital complaining of cutaneous lesions. Most cases were diagnosed subclinically depending on the
clinical feature of the disease. Microscopic examination is done by using direct wet mount preparation and
Giemsa stain.
Results: A total of 1059 (male: 648 / female: 411) patients were examined from different ages and
different pathological skin lesion locations. The overall percentage incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
in this study was (16.05 %). they were big differences in the infection by the parasite according to gender
(males: 11.8% and females: 4.25 %). The rate of the infection was high among Peshmarga forces (41.76%).
according to the site of the lesion, most individuals were bitten by the vector in their upper limbs (60%) of
the infected patients. The age group target of the parasite was patient of 20 to 29 years old.
Conclusion: The overall percentage of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Erbil city was low. We observed
differences in the infection according to gender, age, location and the patient's job. Since there isn’t a
previous research available on the disease in Erbil city, this study was performed to follow the prevalence
of the disease for future investigations and precaution measurments
Keywords: Leishmania major, Leishmaniasis , Erbil city, Prevalence

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2022

Background: The presence of microorganisms in a patient's blood is a critical determinant of the ... more Background: The presence of microorganisms in a patient's blood is a critical determinant of the severity of the patient's illness and its complication is one of the main infective causes of mortality and morbidity. Early and prompt antibiotic therapy based on the knowledge of the prevalent microorganisms can help reduce this rate. Objectives: Our study aimed to carry out prevalence study on bacteremia isolated from blood samples among patients in Erbil city and analyze its antibiotics susceptibility pattern test and multidrug resistance. Materials and Methods: A total of 1023 from 2015 until 2021 bacteremia were isolated from patients blood samples attending (Nanakali, Raparin, Maryamana) hospitals and BIO lab from both male and female. Only 57 cases had been identified as bacteremia isolates which were identified by using microscopical, macroscopical identification, cultural, BacT/ALERT and vitek 2 compact system. Also antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by vitek 2 compact on 13 antibiotics.

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology, 2023

Background: Raoultella ornithinolytica should never be regarded as merely a saprophytic bacterium... more Background: Raoultella ornithinolytica should never be regarded as merely a saprophytic bacterium that occasionally contaminates bronchial lavage or other deep respiratory samples or surgical sites is an underreported, emerging hospital-acquired infection and is particularly related with invasive operations.R. ornithinolytica isolates have significant antimicrobial resistance rates, and physicians should be aware of this so that, before accurate microbiological data are received, an immediate broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment can be instituted.. Objectives: The goal of our study was to retrospectively examine R. ornithinolytica, which was isolated from a variety of clinical samples in Erbil, and to examine its epidemiology, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and ability to produce the enzyme extend spectrum beta lactamase.

International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, 2023

Background: The intestinal parasites of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are among the m... more Background: The intestinal parasites of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are among the major causes of diarrhea throughout the world. Despite the remarkable development of diagnostic methods for parasitic diseases and the continuous awareness of their treatment and control, which led to a clear reduction in the spread of these diseases in a number of developed and industrial countries. However, parasitic diseases of all types continue to be a major health problem in many countries. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence and risk of E. histolytica and G. lamblia in Erbil City. Results: Out of (12944) samples examined, 1086 (8.39%) were positive by direct microscopic examination, the parasitic species found in the fecal sample were E. histolytica (74.40%), G. lamblia (25.23%). The prevalence rate of parasitic infection among females (12.87%) was higher than males (7.97%) with a statistically significant difference. According to months the result showed no significant difference, but the highest rate of infection was recorded in May (9.81%) and lowest rate was observed in January (6.62%). Nanakaly Hospital, showed the higher percentage of infection (38.71), while percentage of infection decreased to (8.24%) in Public health laboratory. Double infection with intestinal protozoa were also recorded in (0.37%). Conclusion: According to our study throughout the year, E. histolytica has the highest rate followed by G. lamblia with female being more commonly infected. Also the single infections were more commonly observed while double infections were rare.

International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, 2023

Background: Infection is a continuous problem in cancer patient especially in developing country,... more Background: Infection is a continuous problem in cancer patient especially in developing country, multi-drug resistance of Enterobacter spp. are among the most frequent complication in Immunocompromised cancer patients and pose the greatest risk to Immunocompromised cancer patient. Objectives: Our study aimed to carry out a retrospective study on Enterobacter spp. isolated from various clinical samples among cancer patient in Erbil city and analyze its epidemiology and antibiotics susceptibility pattern test and multi-drug resistance. Materials and Methods: A total of 467 from 2016 until 2020 Enterobacter spp. were isolated from 5 clinical samples (Urine, Wound and Ear swabs, Blood and Stool) from patient attending Nanakali Hospital and from both male and female. Only 32 cases had been identified as Enterobacter spp. isolates which was identified by using macroscopical, biochemical tests and Vitek 2 compact system. Also antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Vitek 2 compact on 19 antibiotics. Results: Only 32 Enterobacter isolates were isolated from 467 samples distribution according to their source of isolation in cancer patient. Urinary tract infections is the most common in our study followed by otitis media infection, and Skin-wound infection, Blood stream infection, the percentage of females infected with Enterobacter spp. were more than the males, females being 20/467(4.2%) and males being 12/467(2.5%), after 2016 infections by Enterobacter spp. was increased in over than 31 years old people being 9/15(60%) in total, from 2016-2020 Enterobacter spp. infected patients with solid tumor type was 16/32(50%) and leukemia was 9/32(28%) and multiple myeloma was 7/32(22%)for each, Although (Imipenem, Amikicin, Levofloxacin, Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, Ceftazidime, Amoxicillin, Cephalexin) can be considered as effective agents toward multi-drug resistance strains for empirical antibiotic therapy in cancer patients, Enterobacter Spp. isolates had resistance to 11 antibiotics. Conclusions: The study findings showed a significant distribution of multi-drug resistance Enterobacter spp. which may increase the burden of healthcare-associated infections in cancer patients. Moreover, mechanisms of resistance should also be investigated for better characterization antibiotic-resistant of Enterobacter spp isolates.

International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, 2023

Background: Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a continuous problem in patient especially... more Background: Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a continuous problem in patient especially in developing country, due to its infectious nature, complex immunological response, chronic progression and the need for long-term treatment, TB has always been a major health burden; in more recent years, associated with its severe social implications, treating and preventing TB have represented a permanent challenge over the course of human history. Objectives: Our study aimed to carry out a center-based cross sectional study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from January 2015 till November 2019, rate of Tuberculosis among age group, gender, site of infection and extra pulmonary sub-diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Totally 1061 tuberculosis patients from January 2015 till November 2019. were collected from Chest and Respiratory Disease Center/Erbil-Iraq. Identified by using macroscopical, microscopical. Acid fast stain was performed, isolates were characterized by using Gene xpert. Sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (PTB) patients diagnosed were enrolled and then were cultured at Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of (1061) samples were collected from eight sources (abscess, peritoneal fluid, pleural effusion, spinal cord, sputum, tissue biopsy, urine), the number of cases increased from

Journal homepage www.jzs.univsul.edu.iq, 2023

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite responsible for causing conge... more Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite responsible for causing congenital toxoplasmosis. Congenital infection during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy may result in spontaneous abortion, mental retardation, and cerebral calcifications, while the severity of fetal damage is decreased during the third trimester. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and its association with clinical-obstetric determinants and sociodemographic factors in aborted women. Materials and Methods: The present study was a Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study comprised 100 women who admitted to Erbil Maternity Hospital with a spontaneous abortion. A questionnaire was filled by the researchers after verbal consent, and 5 ml of venous blood was collected from each participant, centrifuged at 3500 rpm, and stored in 2 Eppendorf tubes, and tested by ELISA and Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay by Cobas e 411 for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM according to Manufacturer's instructions. Results: The highest seroprevalence for toxoplasmosis was observed in illiterate females aged 26-35 and living in Erbil City's urban areas. A statistically significant association was recorded regarding seropositivity to Toxoplasma IgG and having a history of abnormal babies (P=0.023), Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity and a history of having toxoplasmosis (P=0.016), and seropositivity to Toxoplasma IgM and parity of the females (P=0.037). Conclusions: Screening for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is crucial for all women for the prevention of disease progression. Although there are various screening methods for the detection of toxoplasmosis, not all the methods are applicable and financially suitable for the patients.

Research and reviews in BioSciences, 2008

A survey was conducted in most water bodies around Mosul area (rivers, streams and pools) to iden... more A survey was conducted in most water bodies around Mosul area (rivers, streams and pools) to identify the existing types of fresh water snails in the
studied area. Five major species were recognized and described in details
(Physa acuta, Lymnaea auricularia, Melanopsis praemorsa, Melanopsis
nodosa and Theodoxus jordani). There were major differences between
the morphology of the five species found as well as their co- occurrence;
mainly Physa and Lymnaea inhabit the same sites while Melanopsis were
found to be restricted to mountain spring waters (stenotherm water). This
may be due to thermal acclimation and theirshell of different kinds,smooth, nodulated and costulated.The present study was supported by photo- graphs of shells and life specimens.

Biology Department/ College of Science/ University of Mosul , 2006

Ph.D. Thesis

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology, 2022

Background: Gram positive Kocuria spp. are a part of normal of the skin and oropharynx commensals... more Background: Gram positive Kocuria spp. are a part of normal of the skin and oropharynx commensals in mammals but also described as opportunistic pathogens in human infections including urinary tract infection, pneumonia, wound infection, Ear infection, bronchial infection and also peritonitis and brain abscess, isolated from different clinical specimens increasing resistance to some antibiotics all over the world by distribution between patient with high morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: Our study aimed to carry out retrospective study on Kocuria spp. isolated from various clinical samples in Erbil city and analyzed its epidemiology, antibiotic resistance pattern and pathogenic potential. Methods: A total of thirty Kocuria spp. isolated distributed according to their source of isolation such as blood, wound, CSF, ear swab, throat swab, ascetic fluid and bronchial wash isolated and

University of Mosul - College of Science, 2002

After examining 245 stool specimens using both direct and flotation methods in zinc sulfate solut... more After examining 245 stool specimens using both direct and flotation methods in zinc sulfate solution from the food handler, the percentage of infection with the intestinal parasites was 29.4%. The age of the food handlers ranges between 12-67 years. The percentage of single infection was 21.2%, and that of multiple infection was 8.2%. Four protozoan were recovered in this study, namely: Entamoeba coli 18.4%, Entamoeba histolytica 9.8%, Giardia lamblia 5.3% and Endolimax nana 1.2%. Among heminthes, only one cestode, Hymenolepis nana was recovered with 2.4%. Furthermore, three species of nematodes were recovered namely: Ascaris lumbricoides 1.2%, Trichuris trichiura 0.4%, and larva of Strongloides stercoralis with 0.4%. Among the food handlers no age group specificity of occupational predilection was concluded to have relation with infection.

Journal of Rafiden Sceince

The number of stool specimens collected was 1013 frem children of primary schools (515 pupils fro... more The number of stool specimens collected was 1013 frem children of primary schools (515 pupils from urban and the other 498 pupils from the rural areas surrounding Mosul City). The specimens were examined using both direct and flotation methods in zinc sulfate solution. The percentage of infection with the intestinal helminths was 21.7%.
The survey revealed the persence of the following helminths: the ova of: Hymenolepis nana in a high [ercentage of 15.7%, followed by Enterobius vermicularis 4.9%, Ascaris lumbricoides 0.5%, Trichuris trichiura and larvae of strongyloides stercoralis with the lowest incidence of 0.3% for each. Generally, rural pupils were more infected than urban ones.

Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences, 2021

Background: TORCH infections in pregnant women can result in serious effects, such as miscarriage... more Background: TORCH infections in pregnant women can result in serious effects, such as miscarriages, stillbirths, intrauterine growth retardations and congenital anomalies. TORCH infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus, and these organisms can transmit from mother to fetus through the placenta. The study aimed to investigate TORCH infection in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 268 pregnant women (21-45 years) with miscarriage history. Blood samples were taken from all participants for screening TORCH infection. The screening was performed via Cobas e411 and using ROCH test kits manufactured by ROCH Company, Germany. Results: Toxoplasma gondii was found in the highest percentage of TORCH infection (45.1%), followed by Cytomegalovirus CMV (21.6%), then Rubella (18.3%), which was found in the lowest percentage of infection. Non-significant differences were observed among age groups concerning Toxoplasmosis and Rubellosis, but significant differences were observed with CMV infection. Toxoplasma infections were observed with a high rate of infection (61.2%) in house wife, but there were no significant differences in Rubella and CMV infection based on occupation. The highest rate of toxoplasmosis (63.6%) was recorded in the first trimester of gestational age, with a significant difference, whereas there were no significant differences between gestational age with Rubella and CMV infections. Correlation was recorded between toxoplasmosis and the number of miscarriages with the highest rate (68.9%) in the number of miscarriages, whereas a non-significant correlation was recorded between Rubella or CMV infection and the number of miscarriages. Conclusions: In TORCH infection, Toxoplasmosis are observed in high rate (45.1%) among pregnant women suffered from previous miscarriages, and significant correlation between toxoplasmosis and the number of miscarriages was found but this correlation was non-significant with Rubella and CMV infection.

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2019

Toxoplasma gondii causes the foremost widespread protozoan infection with a broad variety of host... more Toxoplasma gondii causes the foremost widespread protozoan infection with a broad variety of host range. Toxoplasmosis in Immunocompetent person is usually asymptomatic but severe complications might occur in immunocompromised persons and life threatening congenital infections can develop during pregnancy. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of T. gondii among healthy populations in Erbil City. A total of 167 healthy participants were examined for the detection of T. gondii in Erbil City from November 2017 to January 2018 by using Latex agglutination test and ELFA-IgM and IgG. For collecting full information about the participants, a special questionnaire sheet was prepared and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Out of 167 samples examined 41 (24.6%) were positive by LAT, 14 (8.4%) were positive for IgG by Mini-Vidas and 26 (15.6%) were positive for IgM by Mini-Vidas. The prevalence rate of toxoplasmosis among females was (25.6%) which was higher than that seen among males (23.5%) but statistically insignificant. High seropositivity (28.2%) was observed in age group 11-20. Those who had contact with cats showed high percentage (25.7%) of infection, also in rural residents seropositivity was higher (30.8%) than urban residents (22.7%). No significant differences were observed between those who consumed and non-consumed fast food. Our study concluded that to reduce risk of toxoplasma infection in our community, it should avoidance direct contact with cat and soil, or consumes fast food, poultry or ordinary farm meat without sufficient cooking.

Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences, 2020

Enterobiasis is a gastrointestinal helminthic infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis. An adu... more Enterobiasis is a gastrointestinal helminthic infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis. An adult human is less susceptible to infection than children. This study aimed to discover the rate of infection in Erbil Governorate children with E. vermicularis. This study was conducted among 400 children (1-15 years of age). Cellophane tape samples were taken from participants and examined microscopically. Using SPSS version 23 for statistical analysis the total rate of infection with E. vermicularis was 10.5%. The infection was recorded higher in males (11.05%) than in females (10%), despite this difference statistically was non-significant. The highest infection was observed in the 6-10 years age group as 12.9% with a significant difference observation between the age groups concerning enterobiasis. According to place significant difference was observed with a higher rate of infection in the urban region (16%). Statistically, the analysis showed a significant relationship between enterobiasis and mother's occupation. The incidence was higher as 18.52% among children having employed mothers and was lower as 9.25% among children having unemployed mothers. A significant difference was observed between enterobiasis and study months. The highest prevalence of infection was 16% reported in March 2019 than prevalence 3.08% reported in December 2018. 35% of children who did not wash their hands were affected by E. vermicularis and high significant difference was observed with hand washing. Significant difference was detected between enterobiasis and finger sucking, as 25.58% of children who sucked their fingers were affected by E. vermicularis. No significant difference between enterobiasis and enuresis was reported in this study. The statistically significant relationship among children with anal itching was 17.95% detected. Till now E. vermicularis infection is common among children in Erbil Governorate.

Tikrit Medical Journal, 2012

De et te ec ct ti io on n o of f T To ox xo op pl la as sm ma a g go on nd di ii i A An nt ti ib ... more De et te ec ct ti io on n o of f T To ox xo op pl la as sm ma a g go on nd di ii i A An nt ti ib bo od di ie es s i in n P Pe er rs so on ns s R Re ef fe er rr re ed d t to o M Ma aa am mo on n-D Da ab bb ba ag gh h H He ea al lt th h C Ce en nt te er r f fo or r M Me ed di ic ca al l E Ex xa am mi in na at ti io on n b be ef fo or re e M Ma ar rr ri ia ag ge e, ,

Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences, 2020

Giardia lamblia is an intestinal protozoan pathogen with high prevalence in developing countries,... more Giardia lamblia is an intestinal protozoan pathogen with high prevalence in developing countries, especially among children. The majority of Giardia lamblia infections are asymptomatic. However, especially in some children, giardiasis is associated with sub-acute or chronic diarrhea and intestinal irritation. This study was conducted to investigate the

مجلة علوم الرافدين جامعة الموصل, 2008

أظهرت الدراسة الكيموحيوية وجود فروقات معنوية متباينة لفعالية الأنزيمات في أنواع المـذنبات المختلف... more أظهرت الدراسة الكيموحيوية وجود فروقات معنوية متباينة لفعالية الأنزيمات في أنواع المـذنبات
المختلفة قيد الدراسة. إذ وجدت أعلى فعالية (4.90 ± 0.26) نانو مـول/دقيقـة/ملغـم بـروتين لأنـزيم
الادينوسين دي امينيز في المذنبه احادية الممص، و (297.30 ± 7.99) مايكرومول /دقيقة/ملغم بروتين
لأنزيم الكلوتاثيون -S- ترانسفيريز في المذنبة دقيقة الذيل، و(209.40 ± 6.05) مايكرومول /دقيقة/ملغم
وزن طري لأنزيم الاستيل كولين استيريز في المذنبة مشطورة الذنب، و(94.67 ± 1.15) وحدة انزيمية
لأنزيم اللاكتيت ديهايدروجنيز في المذنبة عارية الـرأس، و(23.40 ± 1.08) وحـدة انزيميـة لأنـزيم
الفوسفاتيز القاعدي، و(7.27 ± 0.25) وحدة انزيمية لأنزيم الكلوكوز-6- فوسفات ديهايـدروجينيز فـي
المذنبة ثنائية الممص. وهكذا يمكن الاعتماد على فعالية هذه الأنزيمات في التمييز بين الأنواع المختلفـة
من المذنبات. وعند إجراء تقنية الهجرة الكهربائية وجدت حزم بروتينية مختلفة لكل نوع من المـذنبات.
تراوحت الاوزان الجزيئية التقريبية للحزم البروتينية في المذنبات المختلفة (-25000 676000) دالتون.

Journal of Rafidian Science, 2008

Biochemical studies showed the presence of various significant distinctions in the activity of en... more Biochemical studies showed the presence of various significant distinctions in the activity of enzymes in some types of cercariae under study. The highest activity was (4.90 ± 0.26) nmol/min/mg protein for adenosine deaminase in monostome cercaria, (297.30 ± 7.99) µ mol/min/mg protein for glutathione –S- transferase in microcercous
cercaria, (209.40 ± 6.05) µ mol/min/gm fresh weight for acetylcholinesterase in furcocercous cercariae, (94.67 ± 1.15) enzymatic unit for lactate dehydrogenase in gymnocephalous cercaria. Finally, (23.40 ± 1.08) enzymatic unit for alkaline phosphatase and (7.27 ± 0.25) enzymatic unit for glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase in distome
cercaria. Therefore, the activity of these enzymes could be used in distinguishing the various types of cercariae. Electrophoresis technique showed different patterns of bands. Approximate molecular weights for protein bands in various cercariae varied between (25000-676000)
Dalton.

Wasit Journal for Science & Medicine , 2012

This study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies among pregnan... more This study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies among pregnant women in Erbil province from October 2009 to April 2010. Three serological tests were used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis included latex agglutination test (LAT), modified latex agglutination test (MLAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgM), and study the effect of gestational age on the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection. This study included 208 serum samples, 94(45.2%) samples were positive for specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG and/or IgM) by LAT, from which, 67(32.2) samples positive for IgG by MLAT and 26(12.5) positive for IgM by ELISA. The most prevalent titer of LAT was appeared at the titer 1:80. Pregnant women in first trimester showed the highest seropositivity (49.2%) by LAT, (38.1) by MLAT and (15.9) by ELISA-IgM.
Keywords: Toxoplasma, Seroprevalence, Pregnant women, Erbil, Iraq

Adv J Pharm Life sci Res, 2019

Background and objective: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is worldwide endemic disease and one of the maj... more Background and objective: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is worldwide endemic disease and one of the major
health problems, considered as the second most important protozoan disease. The objective of this study
was to assess the prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among the individuals within Erbil city, compare
the causes of the infection and its associated risk factors.
Methods: A survey study was conducted during the period from November 2017 till March 2018 to
investigate the prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among the people who admitted to Erbil city
hospital complaining of cutaneous lesions. Most cases were diagnosed subclinically depending on the
clinical feature of the disease. Microscopic examination is done by using direct wet mount preparation and
Giemsa stain.
Results: A total of 1059 (male: 648 / female: 411) patients were examined from different ages and
different pathological skin lesion locations. The overall percentage incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
in this study was (16.05 %). they were big differences in the infection by the parasite according to gender
(males: 11.8% and females: 4.25 %). The rate of the infection was high among Peshmarga forces (41.76%).
according to the site of the lesion, most individuals were bitten by the vector in their upper limbs (60%) of
the infected patients. The age group target of the parasite was patient of 20 to 29 years old.
Conclusion: The overall percentage of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Erbil city was low. We observed
differences in the infection according to gender, age, location and the patient's job. Since there isn’t a
previous research available on the disease in Erbil city, this study was performed to follow the prevalence
of the disease for future investigations and precaution measurments
Keywords: Leishmania major, Leishmaniasis , Erbil city, Prevalence

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2022

Background: The presence of microorganisms in a patient's blood is a critical determinant of the ... more Background: The presence of microorganisms in a patient's blood is a critical determinant of the severity of the patient's illness and its complication is one of the main infective causes of mortality and morbidity. Early and prompt antibiotic therapy based on the knowledge of the prevalent microorganisms can help reduce this rate. Objectives: Our study aimed to carry out prevalence study on bacteremia isolated from blood samples among patients in Erbil city and analyze its antibiotics susceptibility pattern test and multidrug resistance. Materials and Methods: A total of 1023 from 2015 until 2021 bacteremia were isolated from patients blood samples attending (Nanakali, Raparin, Maryamana) hospitals and BIO lab from both male and female. Only 57 cases had been identified as bacteremia isolates which were identified by using microscopical, macroscopical identification, cultural, BacT/ALERT and vitek 2 compact system. Also antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by vitek 2 compact on 13 antibiotics.

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology, 2023

Background: Raoultella ornithinolytica should never be regarded as merely a saprophytic bacterium... more Background: Raoultella ornithinolytica should never be regarded as merely a saprophytic bacterium that occasionally contaminates bronchial lavage or other deep respiratory samples or surgical sites is an underreported, emerging hospital-acquired infection and is particularly related with invasive operations.R. ornithinolytica isolates have significant antimicrobial resistance rates, and physicians should be aware of this so that, before accurate microbiological data are received, an immediate broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment can be instituted.. Objectives: The goal of our study was to retrospectively examine R. ornithinolytica, which was isolated from a variety of clinical samples in Erbil, and to examine its epidemiology, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and ability to produce the enzyme extend spectrum beta lactamase.

International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, 2023

Background: The intestinal parasites of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are among the m... more Background: The intestinal parasites of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are among the major causes of diarrhea throughout the world. Despite the remarkable development of diagnostic methods for parasitic diseases and the continuous awareness of their treatment and control, which led to a clear reduction in the spread of these diseases in a number of developed and industrial countries. However, parasitic diseases of all types continue to be a major health problem in many countries. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence and risk of E. histolytica and G. lamblia in Erbil City. Results: Out of (12944) samples examined, 1086 (8.39%) were positive by direct microscopic examination, the parasitic species found in the fecal sample were E. histolytica (74.40%), G. lamblia (25.23%). The prevalence rate of parasitic infection among females (12.87%) was higher than males (7.97%) with a statistically significant difference. According to months the result showed no significant difference, but the highest rate of infection was recorded in May (9.81%) and lowest rate was observed in January (6.62%). Nanakaly Hospital, showed the higher percentage of infection (38.71), while percentage of infection decreased to (8.24%) in Public health laboratory. Double infection with intestinal protozoa were also recorded in (0.37%). Conclusion: According to our study throughout the year, E. histolytica has the highest rate followed by G. lamblia with female being more commonly infected. Also the single infections were more commonly observed while double infections were rare.

International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, 2023

Background: Infection is a continuous problem in cancer patient especially in developing country,... more Background: Infection is a continuous problem in cancer patient especially in developing country, multi-drug resistance of Enterobacter spp. are among the most frequent complication in Immunocompromised cancer patients and pose the greatest risk to Immunocompromised cancer patient. Objectives: Our study aimed to carry out a retrospective study on Enterobacter spp. isolated from various clinical samples among cancer patient in Erbil city and analyze its epidemiology and antibiotics susceptibility pattern test and multi-drug resistance. Materials and Methods: A total of 467 from 2016 until 2020 Enterobacter spp. were isolated from 5 clinical samples (Urine, Wound and Ear swabs, Blood and Stool) from patient attending Nanakali Hospital and from both male and female. Only 32 cases had been identified as Enterobacter spp. isolates which was identified by using macroscopical, biochemical tests and Vitek 2 compact system. Also antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Vitek 2 compact on 19 antibiotics. Results: Only 32 Enterobacter isolates were isolated from 467 samples distribution according to their source of isolation in cancer patient. Urinary tract infections is the most common in our study followed by otitis media infection, and Skin-wound infection, Blood stream infection, the percentage of females infected with Enterobacter spp. were more than the males, females being 20/467(4.2%) and males being 12/467(2.5%), after 2016 infections by Enterobacter spp. was increased in over than 31 years old people being 9/15(60%) in total, from 2016-2020 Enterobacter spp. infected patients with solid tumor type was 16/32(50%) and leukemia was 9/32(28%) and multiple myeloma was 7/32(22%)for each, Although (Imipenem, Amikicin, Levofloxacin, Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, Ceftazidime, Amoxicillin, Cephalexin) can be considered as effective agents toward multi-drug resistance strains for empirical antibiotic therapy in cancer patients, Enterobacter Spp. isolates had resistance to 11 antibiotics. Conclusions: The study findings showed a significant distribution of multi-drug resistance Enterobacter spp. which may increase the burden of healthcare-associated infections in cancer patients. Moreover, mechanisms of resistance should also be investigated for better characterization antibiotic-resistant of Enterobacter spp isolates.

International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, 2023

Background: Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a continuous problem in patient especially... more Background: Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a continuous problem in patient especially in developing country, due to its infectious nature, complex immunological response, chronic progression and the need for long-term treatment, TB has always been a major health burden; in more recent years, associated with its severe social implications, treating and preventing TB have represented a permanent challenge over the course of human history. Objectives: Our study aimed to carry out a center-based cross sectional study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from January 2015 till November 2019, rate of Tuberculosis among age group, gender, site of infection and extra pulmonary sub-diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Totally 1061 tuberculosis patients from January 2015 till November 2019. were collected from Chest and Respiratory Disease Center/Erbil-Iraq. Identified by using macroscopical, microscopical. Acid fast stain was performed, isolates were characterized by using Gene xpert. Sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (PTB) patients diagnosed were enrolled and then were cultured at Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of (1061) samples were collected from eight sources (abscess, peritoneal fluid, pleural effusion, spinal cord, sputum, tissue biopsy, urine), the number of cases increased from

Journal homepage www.jzs.univsul.edu.iq, 2023

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite responsible for causing conge... more Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite responsible for causing congenital toxoplasmosis. Congenital infection during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy may result in spontaneous abortion, mental retardation, and cerebral calcifications, while the severity of fetal damage is decreased during the third trimester. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and its association with clinical-obstetric determinants and sociodemographic factors in aborted women. Materials and Methods: The present study was a Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study comprised 100 women who admitted to Erbil Maternity Hospital with a spontaneous abortion. A questionnaire was filled by the researchers after verbal consent, and 5 ml of venous blood was collected from each participant, centrifuged at 3500 rpm, and stored in 2 Eppendorf tubes, and tested by ELISA and Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay by Cobas e 411 for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM according to Manufacturer's instructions. Results: The highest seroprevalence for toxoplasmosis was observed in illiterate females aged 26-35 and living in Erbil City's urban areas. A statistically significant association was recorded regarding seropositivity to Toxoplasma IgG and having a history of abnormal babies (P=0.023), Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity and a history of having toxoplasmosis (P=0.016), and seropositivity to Toxoplasma IgM and parity of the females (P=0.037). Conclusions: Screening for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is crucial for all women for the prevention of disease progression. Although there are various screening methods for the detection of toxoplasmosis, not all the methods are applicable and financially suitable for the patients.

Research and reviews in BioSciences, 2008

A survey was conducted in most water bodies around Mosul area (rivers, streams and pools) to iden... more A survey was conducted in most water bodies around Mosul area (rivers, streams and pools) to identify the existing types of fresh water snails in the
studied area. Five major species were recognized and described in details
(Physa acuta, Lymnaea auricularia, Melanopsis praemorsa, Melanopsis
nodosa and Theodoxus jordani). There were major differences between
the morphology of the five species found as well as their co- occurrence;
mainly Physa and Lymnaea inhabit the same sites while Melanopsis were
found to be restricted to mountain spring waters (stenotherm water). This
may be due to thermal acclimation and theirshell of different kinds,smooth, nodulated and costulated.The present study was supported by photo- graphs of shells and life specimens.

Biology Department/ College of Science/ University of Mosul , 2006

Ph.D. Thesis

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology, 2022

Background: Gram positive Kocuria spp. are a part of normal of the skin and oropharynx commensals... more Background: Gram positive Kocuria spp. are a part of normal of the skin and oropharynx commensals in mammals but also described as opportunistic pathogens in human infections including urinary tract infection, pneumonia, wound infection, Ear infection, bronchial infection and also peritonitis and brain abscess, isolated from different clinical specimens increasing resistance to some antibiotics all over the world by distribution between patient with high morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: Our study aimed to carry out retrospective study on Kocuria spp. isolated from various clinical samples in Erbil city and analyzed its epidemiology, antibiotic resistance pattern and pathogenic potential. Methods: A total of thirty Kocuria spp. isolated distributed according to their source of isolation such as blood, wound, CSF, ear swab, throat swab, ascetic fluid and bronchial wash isolated and

University of Mosul - College of Science, 2002

After examining 245 stool specimens using both direct and flotation methods in zinc sulfate solut... more After examining 245 stool specimens using both direct and flotation methods in zinc sulfate solution from the food handler, the percentage of infection with the intestinal parasites was 29.4%. The age of the food handlers ranges between 12-67 years. The percentage of single infection was 21.2%, and that of multiple infection was 8.2%. Four protozoan were recovered in this study, namely: Entamoeba coli 18.4%, Entamoeba histolytica 9.8%, Giardia lamblia 5.3% and Endolimax nana 1.2%. Among heminthes, only one cestode, Hymenolepis nana was recovered with 2.4%. Furthermore, three species of nematodes were recovered namely: Ascaris lumbricoides 1.2%, Trichuris trichiura 0.4%, and larva of Strongloides stercoralis with 0.4%. Among the food handlers no age group specificity of occupational predilection was concluded to have relation with infection.

Journal of Rafiden Sceince

The number of stool specimens collected was 1013 frem children of primary schools (515 pupils fro... more The number of stool specimens collected was 1013 frem children of primary schools (515 pupils from urban and the other 498 pupils from the rural areas surrounding Mosul City). The specimens were examined using both direct and flotation methods in zinc sulfate solution. The percentage of infection with the intestinal helminths was 21.7%.
The survey revealed the persence of the following helminths: the ova of: Hymenolepis nana in a high [ercentage of 15.7%, followed by Enterobius vermicularis 4.9%, Ascaris lumbricoides 0.5%, Trichuris trichiura and larvae of strongyloides stercoralis with the lowest incidence of 0.3% for each. Generally, rural pupils were more infected than urban ones.

Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences, 2021

Background: TORCH infections in pregnant women can result in serious effects, such as miscarriage... more Background: TORCH infections in pregnant women can result in serious effects, such as miscarriages, stillbirths, intrauterine growth retardations and congenital anomalies. TORCH infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus, and these organisms can transmit from mother to fetus through the placenta. The study aimed to investigate TORCH infection in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 268 pregnant women (21-45 years) with miscarriage history. Blood samples were taken from all participants for screening TORCH infection. The screening was performed via Cobas e411 and using ROCH test kits manufactured by ROCH Company, Germany. Results: Toxoplasma gondii was found in the highest percentage of TORCH infection (45.1%), followed by Cytomegalovirus CMV (21.6%), then Rubella (18.3%), which was found in the lowest percentage of infection. Non-significant differences were observed among age groups concerning Toxoplasmosis and Rubellosis, but significant differences were observed with CMV infection. Toxoplasma infections were observed with a high rate of infection (61.2%) in house wife, but there were no significant differences in Rubella and CMV infection based on occupation. The highest rate of toxoplasmosis (63.6%) was recorded in the first trimester of gestational age, with a significant difference, whereas there were no significant differences between gestational age with Rubella and CMV infections. Correlation was recorded between toxoplasmosis and the number of miscarriages with the highest rate (68.9%) in the number of miscarriages, whereas a non-significant correlation was recorded between Rubella or CMV infection and the number of miscarriages. Conclusions: In TORCH infection, Toxoplasmosis are observed in high rate (45.1%) among pregnant women suffered from previous miscarriages, and significant correlation between toxoplasmosis and the number of miscarriages was found but this correlation was non-significant with Rubella and CMV infection.

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2019

Toxoplasma gondii causes the foremost widespread protozoan infection with a broad variety of host... more Toxoplasma gondii causes the foremost widespread protozoan infection with a broad variety of host range. Toxoplasmosis in Immunocompetent person is usually asymptomatic but severe complications might occur in immunocompromised persons and life threatening congenital infections can develop during pregnancy. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of T. gondii among healthy populations in Erbil City. A total of 167 healthy participants were examined for the detection of T. gondii in Erbil City from November 2017 to January 2018 by using Latex agglutination test and ELFA-IgM and IgG. For collecting full information about the participants, a special questionnaire sheet was prepared and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Out of 167 samples examined 41 (24.6%) were positive by LAT, 14 (8.4%) were positive for IgG by Mini-Vidas and 26 (15.6%) were positive for IgM by Mini-Vidas. The prevalence rate of toxoplasmosis among females was (25.6%) which was higher than that seen among males (23.5%) but statistically insignificant. High seropositivity (28.2%) was observed in age group 11-20. Those who had contact with cats showed high percentage (25.7%) of infection, also in rural residents seropositivity was higher (30.8%) than urban residents (22.7%). No significant differences were observed between those who consumed and non-consumed fast food. Our study concluded that to reduce risk of toxoplasma infection in our community, it should avoidance direct contact with cat and soil, or consumes fast food, poultry or ordinary farm meat without sufficient cooking.

Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences, 2020

Enterobiasis is a gastrointestinal helminthic infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis. An adu... more Enterobiasis is a gastrointestinal helminthic infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis. An adult human is less susceptible to infection than children. This study aimed to discover the rate of infection in Erbil Governorate children with E. vermicularis. This study was conducted among 400 children (1-15 years of age). Cellophane tape samples were taken from participants and examined microscopically. Using SPSS version 23 for statistical analysis the total rate of infection with E. vermicularis was 10.5%. The infection was recorded higher in males (11.05%) than in females (10%), despite this difference statistically was non-significant. The highest infection was observed in the 6-10 years age group as 12.9% with a significant difference observation between the age groups concerning enterobiasis. According to place significant difference was observed with a higher rate of infection in the urban region (16%). Statistically, the analysis showed a significant relationship between enterobiasis and mother's occupation. The incidence was higher as 18.52% among children having employed mothers and was lower as 9.25% among children having unemployed mothers. A significant difference was observed between enterobiasis and study months. The highest prevalence of infection was 16% reported in March 2019 than prevalence 3.08% reported in December 2018. 35% of children who did not wash their hands were affected by E. vermicularis and high significant difference was observed with hand washing. Significant difference was detected between enterobiasis and finger sucking, as 25.58% of children who sucked their fingers were affected by E. vermicularis. No significant difference between enterobiasis and enuresis was reported in this study. The statistically significant relationship among children with anal itching was 17.95% detected. Till now E. vermicularis infection is common among children in Erbil Governorate.

Tikrit Medical Journal, 2012

De et te ec ct ti io on n o of f T To ox xo op pl la as sm ma a g go on nd di ii i A An nt ti ib ... more De et te ec ct ti io on n o of f T To ox xo op pl la as sm ma a g go on nd di ii i A An nt ti ib bo od di ie es s i in n P Pe er rs so on ns s R Re ef fe er rr re ed d t to o M Ma aa am mo on n-D Da ab bb ba ag gh h H He ea al lt th h C Ce en nt te er r f fo or r M Me ed di ic ca al l E Ex xa am mi in na at ti io on n b be ef fo or re e M Ma ar rr ri ia ag ge e, ,

Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences, 2020

Giardia lamblia is an intestinal protozoan pathogen with high prevalence in developing countries,... more Giardia lamblia is an intestinal protozoan pathogen with high prevalence in developing countries, especially among children. The majority of Giardia lamblia infections are asymptomatic. However, especially in some children, giardiasis is associated with sub-acute or chronic diarrhea and intestinal irritation. This study was conducted to investigate the