Anteneh Amsalu | Hawassa University (original) (raw)

Papers by Anteneh Amsalu

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence, infectivity and associated risk factors of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Yirgalem hospital, southern Ethiopia: Implication of screening to control mother-to-child transmission?

28th Annual conference, 2016, Jan 30, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of The Prevalence of Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients with Wound Infection at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Research paper thumbnail of Worldwide distribution and environmental origin of the Adelaide imipenemase (AIM-1), a potent carbapenemase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Microbial genomics, Dec 17, 2021

Carbapenems are potent broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics reserved for the treatment of serious ... more Carbapenems are potent broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics reserved for the treatment of serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The surge in P. aeruginosa resistant to carbapenems is an urgent threat, as very few treatment options remain. Resistance to carbapenems is predominantly due to the presence of carbapenemase enzymes. The assessment of 147 P . aeruginosa isolates revealed that 32 isolates were carbapenem non-wild-type. These isolates were screened for carbapenem resistance genes using PCR. One isolate from wastewater contained the Adelaide imipenemase gene (bla AIM-1) and was compared phenotypically with a highly carbapenem-resistant clinical isolate containing the bla AIM-1 gene. A further investigation of wastewater samples from various local healthcare and non-healthcare sources as well as river water, using probe-based qPCR, revealed the presence of the bla AIM-1 gene in all the samples analysed. The widespread occurrence of bla AIM-1 throughout Adelaide hinted at the possibility of more generally extensive spread of this gene than originally thought. A blast search revealed the presence of the bla AIM-1 gene in Asia, North America and Europe. To elucidate the identity of the organism(s) carrying the bla AIM-1 gene, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was conducted on three wastewater samples from different locations. Comparison of these nucleotide sequences with a whole-genome sequence of a P. aeruginosa isolate revealed that, unlike the genetic environment and arrangement in P. aeruginosa , the bla AIM-1 gene was not carried as part of any mobile genetic elements. A phylogenetic tree constructed with the deduced amino acid sequences of AIM-1 suggested that the potential origin of the bla AIM-1 gene in P. aeruginosa might be the non-pathogenic environmental organism, Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana .

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial isolates from different clinical specimens in Southern Ethiopia: A three year retrospective study

Journal of Business Research, Jan 31, 2017

is published Monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Bacteriology ... more is published Monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Bacteriology Research (JBR), is a peer reviewed journal. The journal is published per article and covers all areas of the subject such as: Bacterial physiology, Bacterial floral for human, Prokaryotes of the environment, Bacterial endotoxin, Cell signalling.

Research paper thumbnail of Taking AIM-(1) at carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Sep 1, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of The exposure rate to hepatitis B and C viruses among medical waste handlers in three government hospitals, southern Ethiopia

Epidemiology and Health, Jan 5, 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the rate of and risk factors for exposure to hepatitis B viru... more The aim of this study was to assess the rate of and risk factors for exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among medical waste handlers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015. A total of 152 medical waste handlers (MWH) and 82 non-medical waste handlers (NMWH) were studied. Serum samples were collected from participants and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and anti-HCV using rapid immunochromatography assay. MWH were also screened for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). RESULTS: The respective prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV was 1.3%, 39.4%, and 0.7% in MWH, compared to 2.4%, 17.1%, and 1.2%, respectively, in NMWH. Among MWH, 58.6% were susceptible to HBV infection. There was a significant difference in the rate of lifetime exposure to HBV in MWH compared with NMWH (odds ratio [OR], 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 6.13). However, there was no significant difference between participant groups with respect to current HBV infection (OR, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.07 to 3.86) or anti-HCV (OR, 0.54; 95%CI, 0.03 to 8.69). Age older than 40 years and working in a hospital laundry were independent predictors of lifetime exposure to HBV infection. Eleven (7.2%) respondents were vaccinated against HBV. CONCLUSIONS: Lifetime exposure to HBV infection was significantly higher in MWH than in NMWH. The majority of MWH was not vaccinated against HBV and thus remains susceptible to contracting the infection. Screening upon hire followed by vaccination of MWH is recommended to reduce the transmission of HBV.

Research paper thumbnail of The Wastewater Resistome of Residential Aged Care Facilities Indicates a Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Reducing Resistance

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of High seroprevalence of syphilis infection among pregnant women in Yiregalem hospital southern Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases, Mar 6, 2018

Background: Despite availability of effective treatment and the implementation of focused antenat... more Background: Despite availability of effective treatment and the implementation of focused antenatal care (ANC), still the prevalence of syphilis persists in Ethiopia. Yet, data is not found in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and associated factors of syphilis among pregnant women in Yiregalem Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women from October 2015 to August 2016. Data on socio-demography and obstetric conditions of pregnant women were collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum samples were screened for syphilis using rapid plasma regain (RPR) test and those found seropositive were further confirmed by Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) test following the manufacturer's instruction. HIV results were reviewed from records. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Of 494 pregnant women, 204(41.3%) were first ANC visit attenders. Of these, 123(60.3%) were after the 12th gestational week. Sero-prevalence of syphilis and HIV was found to be 5.1% (25/494; 95 CI, 3.2-7.1%) and 10.3% (51/494; 95 CI, 7.7-13.2%), respectively. The overall prevalence of syphilis and HIV co-infection was 2.2% (11/494). Women with HIV infection were significantly more likely to be syphilis-seropositive (AOR = 10.3, 95%CI, 4.213-25.185) than HIV negatives. Conclusions: High seroprevalence of syphilis particularly among HIV positive women and late first ANC visit attenders in the study area calls for further ramping up of current intervention measures. Like integration of syphilis testing and treatment to the already established HIV prevention program and creating awareness about early ANC visit and follow-up.

Research paper thumbnail of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis

BMC Infectious Diseases, Nov 21, 2016

Background: The burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health co... more Background: The burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health concern worldwide; however the overall epidemiology of multidrug resistant strains is neither coordinated nor harmonized, particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcos aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern in Ethiopia at large. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and lancet databases were searched and a total of 20 studies have been selected for meta-analysis. Six authors have independently extracts data on the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Statistical analysis was achieved by using Open meta-analyst (version 3.13) and Comprehensive meta-analysis (version 3.3) softwares. The overall prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern were pooled by using the forest plot, table and figure with 95% CI. Results: The pooled prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 32.5% (95% CI, 24.1 to 40.9%). Moreover, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and amoxicillin, with a pooled resistance ratio of 99.1, 98.1, 97.2 and 97.1%, respectively. On the other hand, comparably low levels of resistance ratio were noted to vancomycin, 5.3%. Conclusion: The overall burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considerably high, besides these strains showed extreme resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin and amoxicillin. In principle, appropriate use of antibiotics, applying safety precautions are the key to reduce the spread of multidrug resistant strains, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in particular.

Research paper thumbnail of Risk factors of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2017

Background: Data regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among hypertensive patient... more Background: Data regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia is very scarce, and the nature and the burden of MetS among these patients has not been well investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the pattern and risk factors of MetS in hypertensive patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital from September 2015 to June 2016. Data on socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric characteristics were collected from 238 hypertensive participants using WHO stepwise technique. Blood glucose and lipid profiles were determined after overnight fasting. Finally, MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Criteria. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 48.7% and urban dwellers had significantly higher prevalence of MetS (82.8%) compared to rural inhabitants (17.2%), p = 0.003. About 37.8%, 62.2%, 60.9% and 35.7% of the participants had abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL-c, and increased fasting blood glucose, respectively. In addition the mean HDL-c was significantly lower in MetS group compared to non-MetS group (39.4 vs.47.6), P < 0.0001. Age over 60 years, overweight, and obesity were associated risk factors of MetS. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 8.2 (1.1-62.4) for age over 60 years, 2.8 (1.4-5.9) for overweight and 10.7 (3.8-29.8) for obesity. Moreover monthly income of 1001-2000 Ethiopian birr, income ≥2001birr, a retirement pension, being married, divorced/widowed were also significantly associated risk factors of MetS, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 3.6 (1.1-12.5), 5.8 (1.5-22.3),5.3 (1.1-25.9),7.2 (1.4-35.9) and 16.4 (1.1-244.2), respectively. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among hypertensive patients and this may potentiate the risk of cardiovascular problems. Therefore, regular screening of patients for individual components of MetS is vital in order to avert/ limit the risks before developing cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality.

Research paper thumbnail of Typhoid fever: clinical presentation and associated factors in febrile patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia

BMC Research Notes, Aug 22, 2018

Objective: Although typhoid fever is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, data is not avail... more Objective: Although typhoid fever is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, data is not available in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis and associated factors of typhoid fever among febrile patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2016, to October 30, 2016. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A blood sample was collected and inoculated into Tryptic soy broth. Results: A total of 421 adult febrile patients suspected of typhoid fever were included in the study. Of these, the overall prevalence of culture-confirmed typhoid fever was 5.0% (21/421). The prevalence of typhoid fever was significantly associated with rural residence (8.4%). As compared to the urban resident, the rural resident was 3.6 times more likely found to have culture-confirmed typhoid fever. The prevalence of typhoid fever was significantly associated with those patients whose water source was spring 7 (12.3%) and river 7 (13.2%). All of those study participants who used treated water were culture negative. Fever for ≥ 5 days, abdominal pain, and skin rash independently predicted blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever.

Research paper thumbnail of The Prevalence of Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients with Wound Infection at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Ethiopian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Sep 10, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of The Wastewater Resistome of Residential Aged Care Facilities Indicates a Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Reducing Resistance

Research paper thumbnail of MOESM2 of Magnitude of hepatitis B and C virus infections and associated factors among patients scheduled for surgery at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized Hospital, Hawassa City, southern Ethiopia

Additional file 2. Distribution of HCV by socio-demographic characteristics of study participants... more Additional file 2. Distribution of HCV by socio-demographic characteristics of study participants scheduled for surgery at Hawassa, University comprehensive specialized Hospital, southern Ethiopia, 2018.

Research paper thumbnail of Open Access Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in southern Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious ag... more OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious agent that is a significant global public health issue. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the Hawassa University referral hospital in Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May, 2015. A total of 269 consecutive pregnant women attending antenatal consultations were enrolled. Sociodemographic information and data regarding possible risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the data were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg among the 269 participants enrolled in the study was 7.8% (n= 21). The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was 5.2% (n= 14), of whom two participants (14.2%) were also posit...

Research paper thumbnail of University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

declining trends over a period of five years

Research paper thumbnail of Worldwide distribution and environmental origin of the Adelaide imipenemase (AIM-1), a potent carbapenemase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Microbial Genomics, 2021

Carbapenems are potent broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics reserved for the treatment of serious ... more Carbapenems are potent broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics reserved for the treatment of serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The surge in P. aeruginosa resistant to carbapenems is an urgent threat, as very few treatment options remain. Resistance to carbapenems is predominantly due to the presence of carbapenemase enzymes. The assessment of 147 P . aeruginosa isolates revealed that 32 isolates were carbapenem non-wild-type. These isolates were screened for carbapenem resistance genes using PCR. One isolate from wastewater contained the Adelaide imipenemase gene (bla AIM-1) and was compared phenotypically with a highly carbapenem-resistant clinical isolate containing the bla AIM-1 gene. A further investigation of wastewater samples from various local healthcare and non-healthcare sources as well as river water, using probe-based qPCR, revealed the presence of the bla AIM-1 gene in all the samples analysed. The widespread occurren...

Research paper thumbnail of High burden of nosocomial infections caused by multi-drug resistant pathogen in pediatric patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

Ethiopian Medical Journal, 2019

Background: Pediatric patients are at increased risk of nosocomial infections (NIs) with multi-dr... more Background: Pediatric patients are at increased risk of nosocomial infections (NIs) with multi-drugresistant (MDR) pathogens, which are more prevalent in the hospital environment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NIs, antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates and associated factors in pediatric patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March to August, 2016. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected among patients clinically suspected of developing NI using a structured questionnaire. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were done with standard microbiological methods. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 and p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Conclusion: The high prevalence of NIs with MDR bacteria suggests the need for proper implementation of the NI prevention and control measures.Keywords: Nosocomial infe...

Research paper thumbnail of Immune protection of hepatitis B vaccine among children living in Gondar, northwest Ethiopia

Ethiopian Medical Journal, 2019

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a worldwide health problem and highly endemic in devel... more Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a worldwide health problem and highly endemic in developing countries including Ethiopia. Hepatitis B vaccine is included in the routine Expanded Program on Immunization since 2007 in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the seroprotection level of hepatitis B vaccination among children who have received the vaccine. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on children attending kindergarten and elementary school in Gondar. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the sociodemographic data. Blood samples were collected and serum separated to measure anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and HBsAg levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 21. Binary logistic regression analysis was done. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 431 children screened, 27 were excluded from analysis because they were positive for anti-HBc (27/431, 6.3%) and/or for HBsAg ...

Research paper thumbnail of Ocular manifestation and their associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southern Ethiopia

International Journal of Ophthalmology, 2017

• AIM: To assess the pattern of ocular manifestation and associated factors among human immunodef... more • AIM: To assess the pattern of ocular manifestation and associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) /acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence, infectivity and associated risk factors of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Yirgalem hospital, southern Ethiopia: Implication of screening to control mother-to-child transmission?

28th Annual conference, 2016, Jan 30, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of The Prevalence of Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients with Wound Infection at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Research paper thumbnail of Worldwide distribution and environmental origin of the Adelaide imipenemase (AIM-1), a potent carbapenemase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Microbial genomics, Dec 17, 2021

Carbapenems are potent broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics reserved for the treatment of serious ... more Carbapenems are potent broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics reserved for the treatment of serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The surge in P. aeruginosa resistant to carbapenems is an urgent threat, as very few treatment options remain. Resistance to carbapenems is predominantly due to the presence of carbapenemase enzymes. The assessment of 147 P . aeruginosa isolates revealed that 32 isolates were carbapenem non-wild-type. These isolates were screened for carbapenem resistance genes using PCR. One isolate from wastewater contained the Adelaide imipenemase gene (bla AIM-1) and was compared phenotypically with a highly carbapenem-resistant clinical isolate containing the bla AIM-1 gene. A further investigation of wastewater samples from various local healthcare and non-healthcare sources as well as river water, using probe-based qPCR, revealed the presence of the bla AIM-1 gene in all the samples analysed. The widespread occurrence of bla AIM-1 throughout Adelaide hinted at the possibility of more generally extensive spread of this gene than originally thought. A blast search revealed the presence of the bla AIM-1 gene in Asia, North America and Europe. To elucidate the identity of the organism(s) carrying the bla AIM-1 gene, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was conducted on three wastewater samples from different locations. Comparison of these nucleotide sequences with a whole-genome sequence of a P. aeruginosa isolate revealed that, unlike the genetic environment and arrangement in P. aeruginosa , the bla AIM-1 gene was not carried as part of any mobile genetic elements. A phylogenetic tree constructed with the deduced amino acid sequences of AIM-1 suggested that the potential origin of the bla AIM-1 gene in P. aeruginosa might be the non-pathogenic environmental organism, Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana .

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial isolates from different clinical specimens in Southern Ethiopia: A three year retrospective study

Journal of Business Research, Jan 31, 2017

is published Monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Bacteriology ... more is published Monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Bacteriology Research (JBR), is a peer reviewed journal. The journal is published per article and covers all areas of the subject such as: Bacterial physiology, Bacterial floral for human, Prokaryotes of the environment, Bacterial endotoxin, Cell signalling.

Research paper thumbnail of Taking AIM-(1) at carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Sep 1, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of The exposure rate to hepatitis B and C viruses among medical waste handlers in three government hospitals, southern Ethiopia

Epidemiology and Health, Jan 5, 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the rate of and risk factors for exposure to hepatitis B viru... more The aim of this study was to assess the rate of and risk factors for exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among medical waste handlers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015. A total of 152 medical waste handlers (MWH) and 82 non-medical waste handlers (NMWH) were studied. Serum samples were collected from participants and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and anti-HCV using rapid immunochromatography assay. MWH were also screened for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). RESULTS: The respective prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV was 1.3%, 39.4%, and 0.7% in MWH, compared to 2.4%, 17.1%, and 1.2%, respectively, in NMWH. Among MWH, 58.6% were susceptible to HBV infection. There was a significant difference in the rate of lifetime exposure to HBV in MWH compared with NMWH (odds ratio [OR], 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 6.13). However, there was no significant difference between participant groups with respect to current HBV infection (OR, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.07 to 3.86) or anti-HCV (OR, 0.54; 95%CI, 0.03 to 8.69). Age older than 40 years and working in a hospital laundry were independent predictors of lifetime exposure to HBV infection. Eleven (7.2%) respondents were vaccinated against HBV. CONCLUSIONS: Lifetime exposure to HBV infection was significantly higher in MWH than in NMWH. The majority of MWH was not vaccinated against HBV and thus remains susceptible to contracting the infection. Screening upon hire followed by vaccination of MWH is recommended to reduce the transmission of HBV.

Research paper thumbnail of The Wastewater Resistome of Residential Aged Care Facilities Indicates a Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Reducing Resistance

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of High seroprevalence of syphilis infection among pregnant women in Yiregalem hospital southern Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases, Mar 6, 2018

Background: Despite availability of effective treatment and the implementation of focused antenat... more Background: Despite availability of effective treatment and the implementation of focused antenatal care (ANC), still the prevalence of syphilis persists in Ethiopia. Yet, data is not found in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and associated factors of syphilis among pregnant women in Yiregalem Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women from October 2015 to August 2016. Data on socio-demography and obstetric conditions of pregnant women were collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum samples were screened for syphilis using rapid plasma regain (RPR) test and those found seropositive were further confirmed by Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) test following the manufacturer's instruction. HIV results were reviewed from records. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Of 494 pregnant women, 204(41.3%) were first ANC visit attenders. Of these, 123(60.3%) were after the 12th gestational week. Sero-prevalence of syphilis and HIV was found to be 5.1% (25/494; 95 CI, 3.2-7.1%) and 10.3% (51/494; 95 CI, 7.7-13.2%), respectively. The overall prevalence of syphilis and HIV co-infection was 2.2% (11/494). Women with HIV infection were significantly more likely to be syphilis-seropositive (AOR = 10.3, 95%CI, 4.213-25.185) than HIV negatives. Conclusions: High seroprevalence of syphilis particularly among HIV positive women and late first ANC visit attenders in the study area calls for further ramping up of current intervention measures. Like integration of syphilis testing and treatment to the already established HIV prevention program and creating awareness about early ANC visit and follow-up.

Research paper thumbnail of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis

BMC Infectious Diseases, Nov 21, 2016

Background: The burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health co... more Background: The burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health concern worldwide; however the overall epidemiology of multidrug resistant strains is neither coordinated nor harmonized, particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcos aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern in Ethiopia at large. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and lancet databases were searched and a total of 20 studies have been selected for meta-analysis. Six authors have independently extracts data on the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Statistical analysis was achieved by using Open meta-analyst (version 3.13) and Comprehensive meta-analysis (version 3.3) softwares. The overall prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern were pooled by using the forest plot, table and figure with 95% CI. Results: The pooled prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 32.5% (95% CI, 24.1 to 40.9%). Moreover, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and amoxicillin, with a pooled resistance ratio of 99.1, 98.1, 97.2 and 97.1%, respectively. On the other hand, comparably low levels of resistance ratio were noted to vancomycin, 5.3%. Conclusion: The overall burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considerably high, besides these strains showed extreme resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin and amoxicillin. In principle, appropriate use of antibiotics, applying safety precautions are the key to reduce the spread of multidrug resistant strains, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in particular.

Research paper thumbnail of Risk factors of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2017

Background: Data regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among hypertensive patient... more Background: Data regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia is very scarce, and the nature and the burden of MetS among these patients has not been well investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the pattern and risk factors of MetS in hypertensive patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital from September 2015 to June 2016. Data on socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric characteristics were collected from 238 hypertensive participants using WHO stepwise technique. Blood glucose and lipid profiles were determined after overnight fasting. Finally, MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Criteria. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 48.7% and urban dwellers had significantly higher prevalence of MetS (82.8%) compared to rural inhabitants (17.2%), p = 0.003. About 37.8%, 62.2%, 60.9% and 35.7% of the participants had abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL-c, and increased fasting blood glucose, respectively. In addition the mean HDL-c was significantly lower in MetS group compared to non-MetS group (39.4 vs.47.6), P < 0.0001. Age over 60 years, overweight, and obesity were associated risk factors of MetS. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 8.2 (1.1-62.4) for age over 60 years, 2.8 (1.4-5.9) for overweight and 10.7 (3.8-29.8) for obesity. Moreover monthly income of 1001-2000 Ethiopian birr, income ≥2001birr, a retirement pension, being married, divorced/widowed were also significantly associated risk factors of MetS, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 3.6 (1.1-12.5), 5.8 (1.5-22.3),5.3 (1.1-25.9),7.2 (1.4-35.9) and 16.4 (1.1-244.2), respectively. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among hypertensive patients and this may potentiate the risk of cardiovascular problems. Therefore, regular screening of patients for individual components of MetS is vital in order to avert/ limit the risks before developing cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality.

Research paper thumbnail of Typhoid fever: clinical presentation and associated factors in febrile patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia

BMC Research Notes, Aug 22, 2018

Objective: Although typhoid fever is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, data is not avail... more Objective: Although typhoid fever is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, data is not available in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis and associated factors of typhoid fever among febrile patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2016, to October 30, 2016. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A blood sample was collected and inoculated into Tryptic soy broth. Results: A total of 421 adult febrile patients suspected of typhoid fever were included in the study. Of these, the overall prevalence of culture-confirmed typhoid fever was 5.0% (21/421). The prevalence of typhoid fever was significantly associated with rural residence (8.4%). As compared to the urban resident, the rural resident was 3.6 times more likely found to have culture-confirmed typhoid fever. The prevalence of typhoid fever was significantly associated with those patients whose water source was spring 7 (12.3%) and river 7 (13.2%). All of those study participants who used treated water were culture negative. Fever for ≥ 5 days, abdominal pain, and skin rash independently predicted blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever.

Research paper thumbnail of The Prevalence of Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients with Wound Infection at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Ethiopian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Sep 10, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of The Wastewater Resistome of Residential Aged Care Facilities Indicates a Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Reducing Resistance

Research paper thumbnail of MOESM2 of Magnitude of hepatitis B and C virus infections and associated factors among patients scheduled for surgery at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized Hospital, Hawassa City, southern Ethiopia

Additional file 2. Distribution of HCV by socio-demographic characteristics of study participants... more Additional file 2. Distribution of HCV by socio-demographic characteristics of study participants scheduled for surgery at Hawassa, University comprehensive specialized Hospital, southern Ethiopia, 2018.

Research paper thumbnail of Open Access Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in southern Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious ag... more OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious agent that is a significant global public health issue. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the Hawassa University referral hospital in Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May, 2015. A total of 269 consecutive pregnant women attending antenatal consultations were enrolled. Sociodemographic information and data regarding possible risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the data were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg among the 269 participants enrolled in the study was 7.8% (n= 21). The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was 5.2% (n= 14), of whom two participants (14.2%) were also posit...

Research paper thumbnail of University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

declining trends over a period of five years

Research paper thumbnail of Worldwide distribution and environmental origin of the Adelaide imipenemase (AIM-1), a potent carbapenemase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Microbial Genomics, 2021

Carbapenems are potent broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics reserved for the treatment of serious ... more Carbapenems are potent broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics reserved for the treatment of serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The surge in P. aeruginosa resistant to carbapenems is an urgent threat, as very few treatment options remain. Resistance to carbapenems is predominantly due to the presence of carbapenemase enzymes. The assessment of 147 P . aeruginosa isolates revealed that 32 isolates were carbapenem non-wild-type. These isolates were screened for carbapenem resistance genes using PCR. One isolate from wastewater contained the Adelaide imipenemase gene (bla AIM-1) and was compared phenotypically with a highly carbapenem-resistant clinical isolate containing the bla AIM-1 gene. A further investigation of wastewater samples from various local healthcare and non-healthcare sources as well as river water, using probe-based qPCR, revealed the presence of the bla AIM-1 gene in all the samples analysed. The widespread occurren...

Research paper thumbnail of High burden of nosocomial infections caused by multi-drug resistant pathogen in pediatric patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

Ethiopian Medical Journal, 2019

Background: Pediatric patients are at increased risk of nosocomial infections (NIs) with multi-dr... more Background: Pediatric patients are at increased risk of nosocomial infections (NIs) with multi-drugresistant (MDR) pathogens, which are more prevalent in the hospital environment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NIs, antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates and associated factors in pediatric patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March to August, 2016. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected among patients clinically suspected of developing NI using a structured questionnaire. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were done with standard microbiological methods. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 and p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Conclusion: The high prevalence of NIs with MDR bacteria suggests the need for proper implementation of the NI prevention and control measures.Keywords: Nosocomial infe...

Research paper thumbnail of Immune protection of hepatitis B vaccine among children living in Gondar, northwest Ethiopia

Ethiopian Medical Journal, 2019

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a worldwide health problem and highly endemic in devel... more Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a worldwide health problem and highly endemic in developing countries including Ethiopia. Hepatitis B vaccine is included in the routine Expanded Program on Immunization since 2007 in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the seroprotection level of hepatitis B vaccination among children who have received the vaccine. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on children attending kindergarten and elementary school in Gondar. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the sociodemographic data. Blood samples were collected and serum separated to measure anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and HBsAg levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 21. Binary logistic regression analysis was done. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 431 children screened, 27 were excluded from analysis because they were positive for anti-HBc (27/431, 6.3%) and/or for HBsAg ...

Research paper thumbnail of Ocular manifestation and their associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southern Ethiopia

International Journal of Ophthalmology, 2017

• AIM: To assess the pattern of ocular manifestation and associated factors among human immunodef... more • AIM: To assess the pattern of ocular manifestation and associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) /acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at