Anna Fuks | The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (original) (raw)

Papers by Anna Fuks

ASDC journal of dentistry for children

The purpose of the study was to compare hydroxyzine (HYD) and 0.2mg/Kg midazolam (MDZ) as sedativ... more The purpose of the study was to compare hydroxyzine (HYD) and 0.2mg/Kg midazolam (MDZ) as sedative agents for young pediatric dental patients. Twenty-nine healthy two-to-four-year-old children participated in the study. Hydroxyzine was dripped nasally 10 minutes before treatment. The patient's crying, alertness, movement and general behavior were blindly assessed and statistically analyzed. No differences were found between the mean general behavior scores nor between the first and second visits in both groups. A significant difference (p < 0.02) was found in the acceptance of the face and nasal masks by children of the midazolam group between the first and second appointments. None of the children of this group cried nor moved at the first visit. The results of the study indicate that midazolam is somewhat more effective than hydroxyzine as a sedative agent for short procedures in young pediatric dental patients.

Pediatric dentistry

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of midazolam (MDZ) alone to a combinat... more The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of midazolam (MDZ) alone to a combination of MDZ and hydroxyzine (MDZH) when sedating young children for dental treatment. This was a prospective, double-blinded, crossover clinical study of young uncooperative children in need of at least 2 restorative visits. Twenty-eight children, ages 21 to 56 months, with a mean age of 36.6 months, participated in this study. The subjects were assigned randomly to receive either 0.5 mg/kg of oral MDZ 20 minutes prior to the beginning of dental treatment or the combination of 0.3 mg/kg oral MDZ with 3.7 mg/kg of hydroxyzine 30 minutes before treatment. The alternative drug regimen was administered at the second appointment. All subjects also received 50% nitrous oxide and were restrained with a papoose board. The child's behavior (quiet or crying, relaxed or moving) was evaluated every 5 minutes by an experienced pediatric dentist who was unaware of the drug given to the child. At th...

ASDC journal of dentistry for children

The present study compared the shearing strength of a non-rinse conditioning (NRC) compomer seala... more The present study compared the shearing strength of a non-rinse conditioning (NRC) compomer sealant to that of a conventional sealant. Thirty molars and premolars were sectioned longitudinally. The resulting halves were divided into 4 groups. Cylinders of sealants were bonded to the sections using a gelatin capsule as a matrix, as follows: Group A (n = 15) NRC + Prime & Bond + Dyract Seal; Group B (n = 15) same as group A but with phosphoric acid and rinse; Group C (n = 15) conventional phosphoric acid + Helioseal; Group D (n = 15) NRC + Helioseal. After immersing the specimens in water for 7 days, the samples were mounted on the Instron testing machine at a 20 mm/min crosshead speed. The results were subjected to ANOVA with Scheffe test, with a significant level of .05. No shearing strength values could be obtained for the specimens of group D. Some cylinders separated from the enamel while still immersed in the water, and in others the adhesion was too low, and no readings could b...

Pediatric dentistry, 1986

Trauma to the primary incisors may, by their displacement, cause developmental disturbances in th... more Trauma to the primary incisors may, by their displacement, cause developmental disturbances in the root formation of the permanent incisors. To verify this hypothesis, dental radiographs of 34 children, whose primary incisors had been previously injured, were evaluated. Only 6 children showed disturbances in root development of maxillary permanent incisors. Three cases in which trauma to the primary dentition resulted in pathology to the permanent dentition are presented, stressing the need for close periodic examination and early detection of possible developmental defects in the permanent dentition.

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2003

The aim of this retrospective study is to report the success rate of root canal treatments (RCT) ... more The aim of this retrospective study is to report the success rate of root canal treatments (RCT) using Endoflas as a filling material in primary teeth. Fifty-five (55 teeth, 27 maxillary incisors and 28 molars) of 47 children fulfilled the criteria to be included in the study. The immediate post-operative radiograph was evaluated and the root filling was rated overfilled, flush or underfilled. Thirty-one (31) teeth were overfilled; of these 9 (29%) were normal pre-operatively and the remaining 22 (71%) presented with bone pathology. Twenty-four (24) teeth were flush or underfilled; of these, 50% had preoperative bone pathology. The children were examined clinically and radiographically at follow-up visits ranging from 6 to 52 months. Approximately 70% of the cases were successful at the last followup examination. The remaining 30% presented with pathology (Po); however, only one tooth had to be extracted (Pi). Overfilling led to a success rate of 58%, while in the combined flush and...

Journal of Endodontics, 2008

Vital pulp therapy aims to treat reversible pulpal injury and includes 2 therapeutic approaches: ... more Vital pulp therapy aims to treat reversible pulpal injury and includes 2 therapeutic approaches: (1) indirect pulp treatment for deep dentinal cavities and (2) direct pulp capping or pulpotomy in cases of pulp exposure. Indirect pulp treatment is recommended as the most appropriate procedure for treating primary teeth with deep caries and reversible pulp inflammation, provided that this diagnosis is based on a good history, a proper clinical and radiographic examination, and that the tooth has been sealed with a leakage-free restoration. Formocresol has been a popular pulpotomy medicament in the primary dentition and is still the most universally taught pulp treatment for primary teeth. Concerns have been raised over the use of formocresol in humans, and several alternatives have been proposed. Controlled clinical studies have been critically reviewed, and mineral trioxide aggregate and ferric sulfate have been considered appropriate alternatives to formocresol for pulpotomies in primary teeth with exposed pulps. In most of the studies reviewed, the caries removal method has not been described. The use of a high-speed handpiece or laser might result in an exposure of a "normal" pulp that would otherwise not be exposed.

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2010

Summary. The process of guideline production began in 1994, resulting in first publication in 199... more Summary. The process of guideline production began in 1994, resulting in first publication in 1997. Each guideline has been circulated to all Consultants in Paediatric Dentistry in the UK, to the Council of the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry, and to people of related specialties recognised to have expertise in the subject. The final version of the guideline is produced

European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2002

Recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular changes during tooth development and ... more Recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular changes during tooth development and how they are mimicked during tissue repair, offers the opportunity to assess the biologic validity of the various vital pulp treatments. Under this light, indirect pulp treatment can be an acceptable procedure for primary teeth with reversible pulp inflammation, provided that this diagnosis is based on a good history, a proper clinical and radiographic examination, and the tooth had been sealed with a leakage-free restoration. Several articles report the success of this technique of direct pulp capping (DPC) and calcium hydroxide has been widely used with high success rates in young permanent teeth, but the results in primary teeth are less satisfactory. Recent studies have reported successful results with direct adhesive capping of exposed pulps, while others showed pulp inflammation and unacceptable results using this technique. Thus, the traditional rationale for the use of calcium hy...

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2006

Case Reports in Dentistry, 2011

This report describes the case of an 8-year-old boy that was referred to endodontic and orthodont... more This report describes the case of an 8-year-old boy that was referred to endodontic and orthodontic treatment after suffering an injury that led to intrusion of the maxillary right permanent central incisor, palatal displacement of the upper right lateral incisor, and root fracture of both central incisors. Both injured teeth were immature and had open apices. The intruded tooth was repositioned by endodontic and orthodontic management. Endodontic therapy was performed in both teeth with periodical changes of calcium-hydroxide-based paste as root canal dressing and introduction of MTA as an apical barrier. The postoperative course was uneventful with clinical and radiographic success up to 3 and 1/2 years of follow up. In the present case, orthodontic repositioning combined with endodontic therapy constitued a viable alternative treatment for intrusive luxations in immature permanent teeth.

Kupietzky/Behavior Management in Dentistry for Children, 2014

The Journal of pedodontics, 1985

The Journal of pedodontics, 1986

ABSTRACT This investigation was undertaken, clinically and radiographically, to assess the effect... more ABSTRACT This investigation was undertaken, clinically and radiographically, to assess the effect of glutaraldehyde as a pulp medicament in pulpotomized cariously exposed primary molars. Fifty-three primary molars of thirty-two second-grade children were evaluated after being treated by pulpotomy utilizing a 2 percent buffered glutaraldehyde solution. Failures were observed in 5.7 percent of the teeth at the six-month evaluation and increased with time: 9.6 percent after 12 months; and 18 percent after 25 months. Internal resorption was observed in six teeth; external resorption was found in only one tooth. Pulp canal obliteration, which was not listed as a failure, was observed in one tooth after 6 months, yielding a total of twenty teeth at the final examination. In thirty-eight pulpotomized teeth (82.6 percent), the resorption rate was similar to their antimeres; in another seven, root resorption was faster; and only one pulpotomized tooth resorbed more slowly than its antimere. The relatively high failure rate in the present study does not justify recommending a 2 percent buffered glutaraldehyde solution as a substitute to formocresol.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to t... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to that of formocresol (FC) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomized primary molars with cari- ous pulp exposure. Methods: Forty-five primary molars of 26 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique. The teeth were randomly assigned to the MTA (experimental) or FC (control) group by a toss of a coin. Following removal of the coronal pulp and hemo- stasis the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group. In the control group, FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps for 5 minutes and removed; the pulp stumps were then covered by zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) paste. The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns. Eighteen children with 32 teeth arrived for clinical and radio- graphic follow-up evaluation ranging from 6 to 30 months. Results: The follow-up evaluations revealed only one failure (internal resorption detected at ...

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1986

Thi.i study vfflj performed to examine the 9-year .success of the composite resin/seaUmt restorat... more Thi.i study vfflj performed to examine the 9-year .success of the composite resin/seaUmt restoration, which uses "sealing for prevention" of fissure caries rather than "cavity extension for prevention. " Three htindred thirty-two Class I restorations were placed in the occhtsal surfaces of 240 permanent molar teeth in ¡14 children aged 6 to 14. Cavity preparations were made in occlusai surfaces, and caries was removed with no attempt to create any additional retention or remove undermined enamel. Exposed dentin was covered with Dycal and the cavity was restored with Radiopaque Adaptic, which was then covered with Delton fissure sealant. Incipient lesions confined to the enamel were restored only with Delton. Afier9years, 79 restorations in 28 subjects were examined for sealant retention, marginal staining, and the presence of dental caries. Forty-three restorations (54%) had completely retained sealants. 20 (25%) had sustained partial loss, and 16 ¡20%) of the re...

Dental Traumatology, 1987

- Sixty-three vital permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures were treated by partial p... more - Sixty-three vital permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures were treated by partial pulpotomy and assessed clinically and radiographically for healing. Healing of the pulp was considered to have taken place when the following criteria were fulfilled: ...

Pediatric dentistry

The optimal treatment for intruded permanent teeth has not yet been determined. The ideal treatme... more The optimal treatment for intruded permanent teeth has not yet been determined. The ideal treatment option is the one with the lowest probability of developing complications such as external root resorption and marginal bone loss. Each case should be considered individually, bearing in mind the severity of the intrusion, the stage of root development, and tooth mobility. Management of an intruded permanent tooth may consist of: (1) observation for spontaneous eruption; (2) surgical crown uncovering; (3) orthodontic extrusion (with or without prior luxation of the intruded tooth); (4) and partial surgical extrusion, immediately followed by orthodontic extrusion and surgical repositioning. The purpose of this article was to review the treatment options for intruded immature permanent incisors, and to present a new modality of an elective internal strengthening of the immature root weakened by external root resorption. A case of an intrusive luxation injury in a 7 1/2-year-old child an...

The Journal of the …, 2007

Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is recommended for use worldwide, not only in developing c... more Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is recommended for use worldwide, not only in developing countries where resources are not readily available, but also in more industrialized countries. The antibacterial properties of restorative dental materials may improve the restorative treatment outcome. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) has been advocated as the preferred restoration material for ART. The authors evaluated the antibacterial properties of restorative materials-three GICs and a zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE)-in vitro. Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus and Enterococcus faecalis were the test microorganisms. The authors used a quantitative microtiter spectrophotometric assay to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the restorative materials using the direct contact test (DCT) of freshly prepared and one-week-aged materials. The freshly prepared GICs and ZOE showed no bacterial growth in all tested bacteria compared with a control. This effect lasted for at least one week for S. mutans and A. viscosus but not for E. faecalis. Conventional GICs used in ART showed antibacterial surface properties against cariogenic bacteria for at least one week. Further study on the long-term antimicrobial effects of GICs is needed. The antimicrobial properties of freshly prepared restorative materials and aged restorative materials used in ART have a potent effect against cariogenic bacteria. These properties have crucial importance in preventing secondary caries.

ASDC journal of dentistry for children

The purpose of the study was to compare hydroxyzine (HYD) and 0.2mg/Kg midazolam (MDZ) as sedativ... more The purpose of the study was to compare hydroxyzine (HYD) and 0.2mg/Kg midazolam (MDZ) as sedative agents for young pediatric dental patients. Twenty-nine healthy two-to-four-year-old children participated in the study. Hydroxyzine was dripped nasally 10 minutes before treatment. The patient's crying, alertness, movement and general behavior were blindly assessed and statistically analyzed. No differences were found between the mean general behavior scores nor between the first and second visits in both groups. A significant difference (p < 0.02) was found in the acceptance of the face and nasal masks by children of the midazolam group between the first and second appointments. None of the children of this group cried nor moved at the first visit. The results of the study indicate that midazolam is somewhat more effective than hydroxyzine as a sedative agent for short procedures in young pediatric dental patients.

Pediatric dentistry

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of midazolam (MDZ) alone to a combinat... more The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of midazolam (MDZ) alone to a combination of MDZ and hydroxyzine (MDZH) when sedating young children for dental treatment. This was a prospective, double-blinded, crossover clinical study of young uncooperative children in need of at least 2 restorative visits. Twenty-eight children, ages 21 to 56 months, with a mean age of 36.6 months, participated in this study. The subjects were assigned randomly to receive either 0.5 mg/kg of oral MDZ 20 minutes prior to the beginning of dental treatment or the combination of 0.3 mg/kg oral MDZ with 3.7 mg/kg of hydroxyzine 30 minutes before treatment. The alternative drug regimen was administered at the second appointment. All subjects also received 50% nitrous oxide and were restrained with a papoose board. The child's behavior (quiet or crying, relaxed or moving) was evaluated every 5 minutes by an experienced pediatric dentist who was unaware of the drug given to the child. At th...

ASDC journal of dentistry for children

The present study compared the shearing strength of a non-rinse conditioning (NRC) compomer seala... more The present study compared the shearing strength of a non-rinse conditioning (NRC) compomer sealant to that of a conventional sealant. Thirty molars and premolars were sectioned longitudinally. The resulting halves were divided into 4 groups. Cylinders of sealants were bonded to the sections using a gelatin capsule as a matrix, as follows: Group A (n = 15) NRC + Prime & Bond + Dyract Seal; Group B (n = 15) same as group A but with phosphoric acid and rinse; Group C (n = 15) conventional phosphoric acid + Helioseal; Group D (n = 15) NRC + Helioseal. After immersing the specimens in water for 7 days, the samples were mounted on the Instron testing machine at a 20 mm/min crosshead speed. The results were subjected to ANOVA with Scheffe test, with a significant level of .05. No shearing strength values could be obtained for the specimens of group D. Some cylinders separated from the enamel while still immersed in the water, and in others the adhesion was too low, and no readings could b...

Pediatric dentistry, 1986

Trauma to the primary incisors may, by their displacement, cause developmental disturbances in th... more Trauma to the primary incisors may, by their displacement, cause developmental disturbances in the root formation of the permanent incisors. To verify this hypothesis, dental radiographs of 34 children, whose primary incisors had been previously injured, were evaluated. Only 6 children showed disturbances in root development of maxillary permanent incisors. Three cases in which trauma to the primary dentition resulted in pathology to the permanent dentition are presented, stressing the need for close periodic examination and early detection of possible developmental defects in the permanent dentition.

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2003

The aim of this retrospective study is to report the success rate of root canal treatments (RCT) ... more The aim of this retrospective study is to report the success rate of root canal treatments (RCT) using Endoflas as a filling material in primary teeth. Fifty-five (55 teeth, 27 maxillary incisors and 28 molars) of 47 children fulfilled the criteria to be included in the study. The immediate post-operative radiograph was evaluated and the root filling was rated overfilled, flush or underfilled. Thirty-one (31) teeth were overfilled; of these 9 (29%) were normal pre-operatively and the remaining 22 (71%) presented with bone pathology. Twenty-four (24) teeth were flush or underfilled; of these, 50% had preoperative bone pathology. The children were examined clinically and radiographically at follow-up visits ranging from 6 to 52 months. Approximately 70% of the cases were successful at the last followup examination. The remaining 30% presented with pathology (Po); however, only one tooth had to be extracted (Pi). Overfilling led to a success rate of 58%, while in the combined flush and...

Journal of Endodontics, 2008

Vital pulp therapy aims to treat reversible pulpal injury and includes 2 therapeutic approaches: ... more Vital pulp therapy aims to treat reversible pulpal injury and includes 2 therapeutic approaches: (1) indirect pulp treatment for deep dentinal cavities and (2) direct pulp capping or pulpotomy in cases of pulp exposure. Indirect pulp treatment is recommended as the most appropriate procedure for treating primary teeth with deep caries and reversible pulp inflammation, provided that this diagnosis is based on a good history, a proper clinical and radiographic examination, and that the tooth has been sealed with a leakage-free restoration. Formocresol has been a popular pulpotomy medicament in the primary dentition and is still the most universally taught pulp treatment for primary teeth. Concerns have been raised over the use of formocresol in humans, and several alternatives have been proposed. Controlled clinical studies have been critically reviewed, and mineral trioxide aggregate and ferric sulfate have been considered appropriate alternatives to formocresol for pulpotomies in primary teeth with exposed pulps. In most of the studies reviewed, the caries removal method has not been described. The use of a high-speed handpiece or laser might result in an exposure of a "normal" pulp that would otherwise not be exposed.

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2010

Summary. The process of guideline production began in 1994, resulting in first publication in 199... more Summary. The process of guideline production began in 1994, resulting in first publication in 1997. Each guideline has been circulated to all Consultants in Paediatric Dentistry in the UK, to the Council of the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry, and to people of related specialties recognised to have expertise in the subject. The final version of the guideline is produced

European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2002

Recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular changes during tooth development and ... more Recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular changes during tooth development and how they are mimicked during tissue repair, offers the opportunity to assess the biologic validity of the various vital pulp treatments. Under this light, indirect pulp treatment can be an acceptable procedure for primary teeth with reversible pulp inflammation, provided that this diagnosis is based on a good history, a proper clinical and radiographic examination, and the tooth had been sealed with a leakage-free restoration. Several articles report the success of this technique of direct pulp capping (DPC) and calcium hydroxide has been widely used with high success rates in young permanent teeth, but the results in primary teeth are less satisfactory. Recent studies have reported successful results with direct adhesive capping of exposed pulps, while others showed pulp inflammation and unacceptable results using this technique. Thus, the traditional rationale for the use of calcium hy...

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2006

Case Reports in Dentistry, 2011

This report describes the case of an 8-year-old boy that was referred to endodontic and orthodont... more This report describes the case of an 8-year-old boy that was referred to endodontic and orthodontic treatment after suffering an injury that led to intrusion of the maxillary right permanent central incisor, palatal displacement of the upper right lateral incisor, and root fracture of both central incisors. Both injured teeth were immature and had open apices. The intruded tooth was repositioned by endodontic and orthodontic management. Endodontic therapy was performed in both teeth with periodical changes of calcium-hydroxide-based paste as root canal dressing and introduction of MTA as an apical barrier. The postoperative course was uneventful with clinical and radiographic success up to 3 and 1/2 years of follow up. In the present case, orthodontic repositioning combined with endodontic therapy constitued a viable alternative treatment for intrusive luxations in immature permanent teeth.

Kupietzky/Behavior Management in Dentistry for Children, 2014

The Journal of pedodontics, 1985

The Journal of pedodontics, 1986

ABSTRACT This investigation was undertaken, clinically and radiographically, to assess the effect... more ABSTRACT This investigation was undertaken, clinically and radiographically, to assess the effect of glutaraldehyde as a pulp medicament in pulpotomized cariously exposed primary molars. Fifty-three primary molars of thirty-two second-grade children were evaluated after being treated by pulpotomy utilizing a 2 percent buffered glutaraldehyde solution. Failures were observed in 5.7 percent of the teeth at the six-month evaluation and increased with time: 9.6 percent after 12 months; and 18 percent after 25 months. Internal resorption was observed in six teeth; external resorption was found in only one tooth. Pulp canal obliteration, which was not listed as a failure, was observed in one tooth after 6 months, yielding a total of twenty teeth at the final examination. In thirty-eight pulpotomized teeth (82.6 percent), the resorption rate was similar to their antimeres; in another seven, root resorption was faster; and only one pulpotomized tooth resorbed more slowly than its antimere. The relatively high failure rate in the present study does not justify recommending a 2 percent buffered glutaraldehyde solution as a substitute to formocresol.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to t... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to that of formocresol (FC) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomized primary molars with cari- ous pulp exposure. Methods: Forty-five primary molars of 26 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique. The teeth were randomly assigned to the MTA (experimental) or FC (control) group by a toss of a coin. Following removal of the coronal pulp and hemo- stasis the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group. In the control group, FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps for 5 minutes and removed; the pulp stumps were then covered by zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) paste. The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns. Eighteen children with 32 teeth arrived for clinical and radio- graphic follow-up evaluation ranging from 6 to 30 months. Results: The follow-up evaluations revealed only one failure (internal resorption detected at ...

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1986

Thi.i study vfflj performed to examine the 9-year .success of the composite resin/seaUmt restorat... more Thi.i study vfflj performed to examine the 9-year .success of the composite resin/seaUmt restoration, which uses "sealing for prevention" of fissure caries rather than "cavity extension for prevention. " Three htindred thirty-two Class I restorations were placed in the occhtsal surfaces of 240 permanent molar teeth in ¡14 children aged 6 to 14. Cavity preparations were made in occlusai surfaces, and caries was removed with no attempt to create any additional retention or remove undermined enamel. Exposed dentin was covered with Dycal and the cavity was restored with Radiopaque Adaptic, which was then covered with Delton fissure sealant. Incipient lesions confined to the enamel were restored only with Delton. Afier9years, 79 restorations in 28 subjects were examined for sealant retention, marginal staining, and the presence of dental caries. Forty-three restorations (54%) had completely retained sealants. 20 (25%) had sustained partial loss, and 16 ¡20%) of the re...

Dental Traumatology, 1987

- Sixty-three vital permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures were treated by partial p... more - Sixty-three vital permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures were treated by partial pulpotomy and assessed clinically and radiographically for healing. Healing of the pulp was considered to have taken place when the following criteria were fulfilled: ...

Pediatric dentistry

The optimal treatment for intruded permanent teeth has not yet been determined. The ideal treatme... more The optimal treatment for intruded permanent teeth has not yet been determined. The ideal treatment option is the one with the lowest probability of developing complications such as external root resorption and marginal bone loss. Each case should be considered individually, bearing in mind the severity of the intrusion, the stage of root development, and tooth mobility. Management of an intruded permanent tooth may consist of: (1) observation for spontaneous eruption; (2) surgical crown uncovering; (3) orthodontic extrusion (with or without prior luxation of the intruded tooth); (4) and partial surgical extrusion, immediately followed by orthodontic extrusion and surgical repositioning. The purpose of this article was to review the treatment options for intruded immature permanent incisors, and to present a new modality of an elective internal strengthening of the immature root weakened by external root resorption. A case of an intrusive luxation injury in a 7 1/2-year-old child an...

The Journal of the …, 2007

Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is recommended for use worldwide, not only in developing c... more Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is recommended for use worldwide, not only in developing countries where resources are not readily available, but also in more industrialized countries. The antibacterial properties of restorative dental materials may improve the restorative treatment outcome. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) has been advocated as the preferred restoration material for ART. The authors evaluated the antibacterial properties of restorative materials-three GICs and a zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE)-in vitro. Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus and Enterococcus faecalis were the test microorganisms. The authors used a quantitative microtiter spectrophotometric assay to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the restorative materials using the direct contact test (DCT) of freshly prepared and one-week-aged materials. The freshly prepared GICs and ZOE showed no bacterial growth in all tested bacteria compared with a control. This effect lasted for at least one week for S. mutans and A. viscosus but not for E. faecalis. Conventional GICs used in ART showed antibacterial surface properties against cariogenic bacteria for at least one week. Further study on the long-term antimicrobial effects of GICs is needed. The antimicrobial properties of freshly prepared restorative materials and aged restorative materials used in ART have a potent effect against cariogenic bacteria. These properties have crucial importance in preventing secondary caries.