Tamar Rapoport | The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (original) (raw)
Military and War - Papers by Tamar Rapoport
Sociological Inquiry, 2003
The present study addresses the question "what is masculinity?" by exploring how male immigrants ... more The present study addresses the question "what is masculinity?" by exploring how male immigrants interpret local masculinity, and the models of masculinity they portray while situating themselves in the male hierarchy of the new society.
Papers by Tamar Rapoport
International Journal of Education Through Art, 2013
Review of Educational Research, 1982
... This preference is self-enhancing when the individual succeeds because the individual ... tas... more ... This preference is self-enhancing when the individual succeeds because the individual ... task to subjects and assesses cognitive choice between tasks, or performance on a ... Generalizing to natural settings, efficacy theory assumes the individual likewise processes information ...
Journal of Adolescence, Jun 30, 1989
This paper analyses the relationship between the complexity of role experiences and personal diff... more This paper analyses the relationship between the complexity of role experiences and personal differentiation. "Complex role experiences" are defined by high levels of voluntarism, multiplexity, quasi-responsibility and trial-and-error behaviour. The ability to differentiate between diverse principles of role enactment and various criteria of interpersonal relations is conceptualized as "personal differentiation". Our hypothesis is that a pre-designed educational programme providing complex role experiences enhances personal differentiation This hypothesis was tested in an experimental study on Israeli adolescents participating in summer camps. The results show that the active exposure to and assumption of variegated roles in different settings on a voluntaristic basis, while performing meaningful and quasi-responsible actions by means of trial-and-error behaviour, enhances role and interpersonal differentiation, and hence personal differentiation, among adolescents.
Gender and Education, 1998
British Journal of Sociology of Education, 2002
Sociology of Education, 1995
... each girl was asked to describe her day-to-day experi-ences of being a female, a youth ... th... more ... each girl was asked to describe her day-to-day experi-ences of being a female, a youth ... the full power of the classical text and thus masks the fact that it is a modern construction. ... a host of "others" (including the "secular guy," "everyone in the street," and lax religious youths) who ...
Journal of Adolescence, 1989
This paper analyses the relationship between the complexity of role experiences and personal diff... more This paper analyses the relationship between the complexity of role experiences and personal differentiation. "Complex role experiences" are defined by high levels of voluntarism, multiplexity, quasi-responsibility and trial-and-error behaviour. The ability to differentiate between diverse principles of role enactment and various criteria of interpersonal relations is conceptualized as "personal differentiation". Our hypothesis is that a pre-designed educational programme providing complex role experiences enhances personal differentiation This hypothesis was tested in an experimental study on Israeli adolescents participating in summer camps. The results show that the active exposure to and assumption of variegated roles in different settings on a voluntaristic basis, while performing meaningful and quasi-responsible actions by means of trial-and-error behaviour, enhances role and interpersonal differentiation, and hence personal differentiation, among adolescents.
Gender and Education, Mar 1, 2009
Gender, Religion and Education in a Chaotic Postmodern World, 2012
Women's Studies International Forum, 1997
Synopsis -Feminist academic research in Israel has followed the footsteps of nonfeminist Israeli ... more Synopsis -Feminist academic research in Israel has followed the footsteps of nonfeminist Israeli social research. Both are preoccupied with questions of identity of this new society and its subjects. Yet, as we wish to show, the authors of this issue choose to do so in alternative manners. Their thematic and methodological choices reveal the neglected challenges taken for granted and mark the power and limitations of current feminist research in Israel.
Women's Studies International Forum, 1997
Synopsis --In Judaism, the ancient laws of impurity in regard to menstruation are known as the la... more Synopsis --In Judaism, the ancient laws of impurity in regard to menstruation are known as the laws of niddah, and their realized form as the ritual of impurity, niddah. These laws continue to retain their symbolic power, with a shift in meaning from a state of impurity related to sacrificial rites to a state of impurity related to sexual prohibitions in the private family sphere. This means that, during a period of 14 days, the Jewish woman must avoid any sexual contact with her husband. Based on textual and contextual analysis of manuals which teach and explain to women the practice of niddah, we claim that, with the establishment of the modern state of Israel the meaning of niddah has been expanded to the public national domain. Religious Zionism in Israel has enlisted the experiences of menstrual defilement and purification to the Jewish struggle over national boundaries and collective identity. Women are told that by practicing niddah, they take on responsibility not only for purity of the family, but also for the people of Israel, the Land of Israel, and the preservation of the holy scriptures, the Torah. This rhetorical linkage politicizes both the body of women and the practice of niddah, in fact, the practice has become a discourse of national revival.
Symbolic Interaction, 2002
This study conceptualizes the relationship between recollection of the past and relocation in the... more This study conceptualizes the relationship between recollection of the past and relocation in the context of immigration. Combining symbolic interactionist and narrative paradigms, it explores how immigrants' representations of past experiences inform their identity construction and the process of entering the host society. Our interpretive analysis of personal narratives related spontaneously by eighty-nine Russian-Jewish immigrants in Israel and Germany reveals that they choose to "normalize" their anti-Semitic experiences by representing them as secondary, expected, and "normal." They do so via four narrating tactics of normalization: obscuring, self-exclusion, vindication, and essentializing stigma. Each tactic devalues the cultural depiction ( grand narrative) of anti-Semitic experiences as transformative and traumatic. By normalizing their past, the immigrants deconstruct and resist the authority and moral commands of the national narrative they encounter in both societies. Putting forward normalization as an alternative interpretation, the immigrants claim ownership of their biography and cultural identity.
British Journal of Sociology, Jan 1, 1997
The Israeli protest movement 'Women in Black' is studied by focusing on the movem... more The Israeli protest movement 'Women in Black' is studied by focusing on the movement's mode of protest, which is used as a prism through which to analyse the manner in which the structure, contents and goals of protest challenge the socio-political and gender orders. The article analyses the protest vigil of 'Women in Black' in Jerusalem, and characterizes it, following Handelman (1990), as a minimalist public event. After examining and analysing the sources of minimalism it was concluded that minimalism was the result of two social processes attendant at the formation of 'Women in Black' as a social movement: personal interpretation of the political field, and avoidance of ideological deliberation amongst the participants. The minimalism of the public event preserved the movement for six years and created a collective identity that emphasized the symbolic difference between those within the demonstration and those outside it. This difference was symbolized by a juxtaposition of opposites. The essence of opposites is analysed by means of 'thick description', i.e., by deciphering them in the context of Israeli society. The study concluded that the mode of protest of 'Women in Black' has created a symbolic space in which a new type of political woman is enacted. This identity challenges established socio-cultural categories Israel.
Sociological Inquiry, 1988
The article hypothesizes that informal youth organizations influence processes of transition to a... more The article hypothesizes that informal youth organizations influence processes of transition to adulthood by facilitating role development, that is, the conversion of childoriented roles into adult-oriented ones. In an attempt to test the hypothesis, two variables were specified. Informality was defined in terms of seven organizational components: moratorium, symmetry, dualism, multiplexity, expressive instrumentalism, voluntarism, and pragmatical symbolism. The impact of these components on role development was measured by three indicators: Role Scope, Role Types and Role Aspects. Residential summer camps served as a quasi-experimental laboratory for the research. A positive significant relationship was found between the level of informality and level of role development, especially in the long run. Findings are explained by the particular experiences youth undergo in informal socialization contexts, in which trial and error behavior, balanced reciprocity, and normative ambivalencies are institutionalized.
Sex Roles, 1989
Our research studied the gender-specific perceptions of Arab-Israeli adolescents regarding issues... more Our research studied the gender-specific perceptions of Arab-Israeli adolescents regarding issues that determine female subordination (e.g., inheritance rights, freedom of movement, and female chastity). The main finding shows that young females oppose the imposition of social constraints upon women significantly more than their male counterparts, while both sexes are in agreement regarding the issues they conceive more or less traditionally; both express the strong conservative attitudes regarding the Islamic code of protecting female honor and chastity. The findings imply that, while females do not oppose the preservation of the cultural code that underlies their subordinate position, they ascribe to it more lenient normative implications.
Sociological Inquiry, 2003
The present study addresses the question "what is masculinity?" by exploring how male immigrants ... more The present study addresses the question "what is masculinity?" by exploring how male immigrants interpret local masculinity, and the models of masculinity they portray while situating themselves in the male hierarchy of the new society.
International Journal of Education Through Art, 2013
Review of Educational Research, 1982
... This preference is self-enhancing when the individual succeeds because the individual ... tas... more ... This preference is self-enhancing when the individual succeeds because the individual ... task to subjects and assesses cognitive choice between tasks, or performance on a ... Generalizing to natural settings, efficacy theory assumes the individual likewise processes information ...
Journal of Adolescence, Jun 30, 1989
This paper analyses the relationship between the complexity of role experiences and personal diff... more This paper analyses the relationship between the complexity of role experiences and personal differentiation. "Complex role experiences" are defined by high levels of voluntarism, multiplexity, quasi-responsibility and trial-and-error behaviour. The ability to differentiate between diverse principles of role enactment and various criteria of interpersonal relations is conceptualized as "personal differentiation". Our hypothesis is that a pre-designed educational programme providing complex role experiences enhances personal differentiation This hypothesis was tested in an experimental study on Israeli adolescents participating in summer camps. The results show that the active exposure to and assumption of variegated roles in different settings on a voluntaristic basis, while performing meaningful and quasi-responsible actions by means of trial-and-error behaviour, enhances role and interpersonal differentiation, and hence personal differentiation, among adolescents.
Gender and Education, 1998
British Journal of Sociology of Education, 2002
Sociology of Education, 1995
... each girl was asked to describe her day-to-day experi-ences of being a female, a youth ... th... more ... each girl was asked to describe her day-to-day experi-ences of being a female, a youth ... the full power of the classical text and thus masks the fact that it is a modern construction. ... a host of "others" (including the "secular guy," "everyone in the street," and lax religious youths) who ...
Journal of Adolescence, 1989
This paper analyses the relationship between the complexity of role experiences and personal diff... more This paper analyses the relationship between the complexity of role experiences and personal differentiation. "Complex role experiences" are defined by high levels of voluntarism, multiplexity, quasi-responsibility and trial-and-error behaviour. The ability to differentiate between diverse principles of role enactment and various criteria of interpersonal relations is conceptualized as "personal differentiation". Our hypothesis is that a pre-designed educational programme providing complex role experiences enhances personal differentiation This hypothesis was tested in an experimental study on Israeli adolescents participating in summer camps. The results show that the active exposure to and assumption of variegated roles in different settings on a voluntaristic basis, while performing meaningful and quasi-responsible actions by means of trial-and-error behaviour, enhances role and interpersonal differentiation, and hence personal differentiation, among adolescents.
Gender and Education, Mar 1, 2009
Gender, Religion and Education in a Chaotic Postmodern World, 2012
Women's Studies International Forum, 1997
Synopsis -Feminist academic research in Israel has followed the footsteps of nonfeminist Israeli ... more Synopsis -Feminist academic research in Israel has followed the footsteps of nonfeminist Israeli social research. Both are preoccupied with questions of identity of this new society and its subjects. Yet, as we wish to show, the authors of this issue choose to do so in alternative manners. Their thematic and methodological choices reveal the neglected challenges taken for granted and mark the power and limitations of current feminist research in Israel.
Women's Studies International Forum, 1997
Synopsis --In Judaism, the ancient laws of impurity in regard to menstruation are known as the la... more Synopsis --In Judaism, the ancient laws of impurity in regard to menstruation are known as the laws of niddah, and their realized form as the ritual of impurity, niddah. These laws continue to retain their symbolic power, with a shift in meaning from a state of impurity related to sacrificial rites to a state of impurity related to sexual prohibitions in the private family sphere. This means that, during a period of 14 days, the Jewish woman must avoid any sexual contact with her husband. Based on textual and contextual analysis of manuals which teach and explain to women the practice of niddah, we claim that, with the establishment of the modern state of Israel the meaning of niddah has been expanded to the public national domain. Religious Zionism in Israel has enlisted the experiences of menstrual defilement and purification to the Jewish struggle over national boundaries and collective identity. Women are told that by practicing niddah, they take on responsibility not only for purity of the family, but also for the people of Israel, the Land of Israel, and the preservation of the holy scriptures, the Torah. This rhetorical linkage politicizes both the body of women and the practice of niddah, in fact, the practice has become a discourse of national revival.
Symbolic Interaction, 2002
This study conceptualizes the relationship between recollection of the past and relocation in the... more This study conceptualizes the relationship between recollection of the past and relocation in the context of immigration. Combining symbolic interactionist and narrative paradigms, it explores how immigrants' representations of past experiences inform their identity construction and the process of entering the host society. Our interpretive analysis of personal narratives related spontaneously by eighty-nine Russian-Jewish immigrants in Israel and Germany reveals that they choose to "normalize" their anti-Semitic experiences by representing them as secondary, expected, and "normal." They do so via four narrating tactics of normalization: obscuring, self-exclusion, vindication, and essentializing stigma. Each tactic devalues the cultural depiction ( grand narrative) of anti-Semitic experiences as transformative and traumatic. By normalizing their past, the immigrants deconstruct and resist the authority and moral commands of the national narrative they encounter in both societies. Putting forward normalization as an alternative interpretation, the immigrants claim ownership of their biography and cultural identity.
British Journal of Sociology, Jan 1, 1997
The Israeli protest movement 'Women in Black' is studied by focusing on the movem... more The Israeli protest movement 'Women in Black' is studied by focusing on the movement's mode of protest, which is used as a prism through which to analyse the manner in which the structure, contents and goals of protest challenge the socio-political and gender orders. The article analyses the protest vigil of 'Women in Black' in Jerusalem, and characterizes it, following Handelman (1990), as a minimalist public event. After examining and analysing the sources of minimalism it was concluded that minimalism was the result of two social processes attendant at the formation of 'Women in Black' as a social movement: personal interpretation of the political field, and avoidance of ideological deliberation amongst the participants. The minimalism of the public event preserved the movement for six years and created a collective identity that emphasized the symbolic difference between those within the demonstration and those outside it. This difference was symbolized by a juxtaposition of opposites. The essence of opposites is analysed by means of 'thick description', i.e., by deciphering them in the context of Israeli society. The study concluded that the mode of protest of 'Women in Black' has created a symbolic space in which a new type of political woman is enacted. This identity challenges established socio-cultural categories Israel.
Sociological Inquiry, 1988
The article hypothesizes that informal youth organizations influence processes of transition to a... more The article hypothesizes that informal youth organizations influence processes of transition to adulthood by facilitating role development, that is, the conversion of childoriented roles into adult-oriented ones. In an attempt to test the hypothesis, two variables were specified. Informality was defined in terms of seven organizational components: moratorium, symmetry, dualism, multiplexity, expressive instrumentalism, voluntarism, and pragmatical symbolism. The impact of these components on role development was measured by three indicators: Role Scope, Role Types and Role Aspects. Residential summer camps served as a quasi-experimental laboratory for the research. A positive significant relationship was found between the level of informality and level of role development, especially in the long run. Findings are explained by the particular experiences youth undergo in informal socialization contexts, in which trial and error behavior, balanced reciprocity, and normative ambivalencies are institutionalized.
Sex Roles, 1989
Our research studied the gender-specific perceptions of Arab-Israeli adolescents regarding issues... more Our research studied the gender-specific perceptions of Arab-Israeli adolescents regarding issues that determine female subordination (e.g., inheritance rights, freedom of movement, and female chastity). The main finding shows that young females oppose the imposition of social constraints upon women significantly more than their male counterparts, while both sexes are in agreement regarding the issues they conceive more or less traditionally; both express the strong conservative attitudes regarding the Islamic code of protecting female honor and chastity. The findings imply that, while females do not oppose the preservation of the cultural code that underlies their subordinate position, they ascribe to it more lenient normative implications.
Review of Educational Research, 1982
... This preference is self-enhancing when the individual succeeds because the individual ... tas... more ... This preference is self-enhancing when the individual succeeds because the individual ... task to subjects and assesses cognitive choice between tasks, or performance on a ... Generalizing to natural settings, efficacy theory assumes the individual likewise processes information ...